• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1 s.57
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• pp.1-19
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• 2005

The following matters were confirmed through the analysis of casualties due to fires in Korea, Japan, and the U.S. in this paper. 1 Korean statistics are not the most detailed of the three countries about casualties due to fires, so we need to have detailed statistics of them on casualties more. 2. Korean deaths are the lowest by 10-11 people due to fires per one million of population. Those of Japan are 15-17 and about 12 people in the U.S.; decreased about 2/3 only for a quarter of a century. 3. Korean deaths are on the decrease about 1.5 people per 100 cases due to fires,3.5 in Japan and 0.2-0.3 in the U.S. Likewise, Korean injuries are on the decrease per 100 cases due to fires From 14.9 in 1977 to 5.1 in 2001 and 5.3 in 2002. In the U.S., the figure was 1.0-1.6. but after the year 1994, it was 1.2 or so. It tends to some increase to 2.6-2.8 in Japan. Therefore, when fires are happened, the death probability is the highest in Japan and 15 times higher than that of the U.S. The injury probability is the highest in Korea and 5 times higher than that of the U.S. 4. Fire deaths rate is the highest in the U.S. about $80\%$ due to home fires (including apartments) among all deaths. Japan tends to decrease of $55\%$. Recently, in case of Korea. it is similar level to that of Japan. 5. Korean aged people of 65 years old and over exceeded by $7\%$ in 2000 and entered an aging society, so It Is time to Investigate and take effect policies to reduce the death of the aged . Japan has ahead a super-aged society that exceeds $20\%$ of the people over the age 65, and many of them die of fire. Consequently, Japan has taken effect policies to reduce deaths from 10 years or more than before. Therefore, it is a good proposal to analyze the policies of Japan deeply and study introduction of them.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2008

New Car Assessment Program(NCAP) provides consumers with vehicle safety information, primarily front and side crash rating results, and more recently rollover ratings, to aid consumers in their vehicle purchase decisions. NCAP is a system to improve driver and passenger safety by providing market incentives for vehicle manufacturers to voluntarily design their vehicles to better protect drivers and passengers in a crash and be less susceptible to rollover, rather than by regulatory directives. NCAP have been performed since 1999 in Korea by the government in order to reduce fatalities and injuries caused by traffic accidents. Although as the number of vehicles models increases, more vehicle models are required to be test and NCAP is evaluated as a valuable system for vehicle safety, the expansion of the system is slow. It looks like that the benefit of NCAP quantitatively was not verified. In this study, based on the idea that the benefit of the NCAP is defined as the decrease of traffic accident severity by improving vehicle safety, a methodology to analyze the effectiveness of NCAP quantitatively in terms of traffic safety was developed. According to the developed methodology, the reduced numbers of fatalities and injuries were 1.51 and 466 in 2005.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1147-1151
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• 2007

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke and chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species caused by them play critical roles in cellular damage. They not only injure the skin structure but also participate in the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. Anti-wrinkle effects of the Oriental herb extracts(OHE) were evaluated by the determination of anti-oxidation, collagenase inhibition and collagen synthesis in normal human fibroblast. OHE showed antioxidative activity as high as vitamin C, trolox and DL-penicillamine. Also OHE showed promotive effect on collagen synthesis and inhibitory effect on collagenase activity. These results demonstrated that OHE could be useful as an anti-wrinkle cosmetic ingredient.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2D
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of safety improvement project was analyzed, and a decision making model for traffic accident reduction measures was suggested. The results of this study are as follow; First the overall number of traffic accidents and casualties were reduced, especially reduced the number of unauthorized crossing and centerline encroachments was remarkable. Second, the priorities of traffic accident reduction measures. through hazards roadway section improvement projects were determined. As, higher level evaluation items of AHP hierachy structure include civil facilities and transportation facilities. The civil facilities has 6 lower level evaluation items and transportation facilities has 4 items. The results of this study, It was revealed that traffic experts prefer civil facilities more than transportation facilities and the top 2 items of the each data (or index) took over 50%. In addition, one of the last evaluation contents through the verification, the top 3 items of civil facilities took 55.38%. The project according to the improvement projects for hazards roadway reduced traffic accidents and casualties as well as saving the cost. So these results should be available for basic information for the countermeasure about reducing the traffic accidents by local governments.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.206-212
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• 2024

Purpose: This study conducted research on the sharing of information to enhance the survival rate of emergency patients by swiftly transferring them to appropriate hospitals through sharing the patients' conditions, treatment histories, and transportation information with the Maritime Police Agency and relevant agencies when emergencies occur in the marine environment. Methods: In this study, emergency patient information classified in a smartphone app was received, stored, and transmitted using the LoRa communication method by electronic triage tags, and the transmitted emergency patient information was implemented to be collected in real-time through a hybrid triage system along with LoRa receivers. Results: Through the hybrid triage system, it was possible to receive emergency patient information according to the distance or confirm delayed reception. It was observed that most data were received when the distance was short, while data reception was unsuccessful in relatively longer distances. Conclusion: It was confirmed that in mass disaster environments where internet communication is impossible, rapid and accurate understanding of casualty information at disaster sites and appropriate disaster responses can be achieved using self-networking methods such as LoRa communication. However, limitations inherent in communication methods were also recognized. Further research on various communication methods is required to collect emergency patient information and transfer them to appropriate hospitals in situations where internet communication is unavailable.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Tanker oil outflow accident and nitric acid 2000 ton of our country T'aean offing fire etc. vessel sinking and the national treasure 1 good-natured person swunglyey bites to tell the truth the many misfortune occurred in recent times and the numerous casualty occurred. Consequently the righteousness where the preparation and misfortune will occur became the VIP where the preparation and misfortune will occur became the VIP where the information transmission which is quick is important about disaster. Consequently establishes the information transmission system which is quick in the area where the effect of misfortune is worried from observation perceives a disaster construction system development the merger of state radio network with under contributing which minimizes the loss of property and life of the citizen who is caused by with disaster damage boil.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1999

Torilin was isolated from haxane fraction of Torilis Fructus extract. Torilin produced inhibition of the acetic acid-induced and phenylquinone-induced writhing syndrome at the oral doses of 30 and 90 mg/kg in mice. It also increased the pain threshold at the oral doses of 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg in the tail pressure method and the Randall-Selitto method. However, it did not show a hypothermic action at the oral doses of 30 and 90 mg/kg in mice. The compound exhibited strong anticarrageenan activity at the oral doses of 90 and 270 mg/kg in rats, and had inhibitory effect on the vascular permeability at the oral doses of 30 and 90 mg/kg in mice. It also showed potent inhibition of leucocyte emigration in CMC-pouch at the doses of 3 and 9 mg/rat, sc. The acute toxicity of torilin was very weak: the $LD_{50}$ values were more than 5000 mg/kg, po and 2000 mg/kg, ip in mice. From the above mentioned results, it was suggested that torilin had potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 2007

For the propose of the quality control of Torilis Fructus, one major compound was isolated by several column chromatograpies and identified by its spectral data as torilin (8,11-dihydroxy-8-angeloyl-11-acetyl-4-guaien-3-one). A quantitative analysis of torilin using HPLC method showed that the average contents at 230 and 254 nm were $7.167{\pm}0.168mg/g\;and\;7.052{\pm}0.160mg/g$, respectively, in 18 samples collected throughout the regions of Korea and China. This method provided a tool for standardization of the commercial Torilis Fructus.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.262
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• pp.94-104
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• 2015

환경부는 '화학물질의 등록 및 평가 등에 관한 법률(화평법)'과 '화학물질관리법(화관법)' 시행규칙을 공포하고 지난 달부터 시행했다. 환경부에 따르면 두 법안은 화학물질의 체계적인 관리로 사전에 안전사고를 예방하고 국민건강과 환경을 보호하기 위해 제정됐다. 화학물질의 생산 유통 등 모든 과정의 안전관리를 강화하는 것이 골자다. 우선 화평법 시행에 따라 모든 신규 화학물질과 연간 1톤 이상 제조 수입되는 기존 화학물질에 대한 등록이 의무화되고 등록 신청 기준도 강화된다. 다만 제조 수입량이 연간 1톤 미만일 경우 등록 신청 제출 자료를 정식 등록 9개보다 적은 4개로 간소화하고 등록기간도 30일에서 3~7일로 줄였다. 또 유해물질 함유제품으로 인한 피해를 예방하기 위해 생활화학 제품 15종을 우려제품으로 지정해 안전 표시기준을 준수하도록 했다. 관리대상 품목은 세정제 합성세제 표백제 섬유유연제 코팅제 접착제 방향제 탈취제 방청제(금속부식 방지제) 김서림방지제 물체염탈색체 문신용염료 소독제 방충제 방부제 등이다. 화관법에서는 유해 화학물질 취급 때 공통 적용되는 46개 준수사항을 규정하고 물질별로 구체적인 취급기준을 고시하도록 했다. 취급시설의 설치 관리기준도 시설 종류별로 구체화했다. 새로 도입되는 장외 영향평가는 취급시설 설치자가 화학사고 발생 시 사업장 주변지역 사람이나 환경에 미치는 영향을 사전에 평가해 시설을 안전하게 설계 설치하도록 규정했다. 과징금과 행정처분 기준도 구체화했다. 행정처분은 2년 내 위반 횟수에 따라 경고 개선명령 영업정지 허가취소로 차등화하고 사고가 일어나면 사상자와 사업장 밖 피해액을 기준에 따라 산정해야 한다. 본 고에서는 두 법률의 주요 내용과 함께 주요 문의 사항을 살펴봄으로써 이해를 도우고자 했다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.98-103
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• 2012

Recently, the intelligent transportation system (ITS) that provides driver convenience and reduces the number of road casualties is in the spotlight. ITS must quickly deal with the emergency situation and provide information which drivers need. In ITS, a different channel will be assigned for each service to provide the service efficiently. However, if the channel is used at an emergency situation, the service cannot be provided immediately. For overcome this problem, we introduce the cognitive radio technology into ITS and propose a new spectrum sensing method in this paper.