• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.49
• /
• pp.325-355
• /
• 2012

This research aims to generalize the thoughts of military science of the intellectuals through the books on military arts and science, which were published in the early Joseon Dynasty. In the early Joseon dynasty, it was in a position to establish the foundation in the new monarch internally, and, at the same time, to overcome foreign powers on both northern and southern borders externally. Thus, the books on military arts and science should have to be published under a premise of such situations. Accordingly, the books on military arts and science of those days took account of political stability having reflected the activities not only as the founder of Joseon but also as the military officer in the late Goryeo along with the books' own purpose to found military arts and sciences. The books on military arts and science that published in the early Joseon Dynasty were written mostly based on Chinese military books and its annotations, except some descriptions of the history of war. However, the intellectuals at that time endeavored to redefine military arts and science from the perspective of Confucianism having evaluated Chinese military science books that were biased to boost Machiavellian tactics. As a result of this, the geographical distinctions between China and Korea were the start of an argument for the military arts and science. There were also disputes over the relationships between the military science and the Yin-Yang School, and between the military science and Confucian school. Organizing our country's own history of war for the first time in the early Joseon Dynasty is worth for putting a high evaluation. However, it cannot help but to point out the limits of the books that there are noticeable descriptions about the factors related to toadyism, and that there are no descriptions about the wars against Japanese raiders. The books on military arts and science in the early Joseon Dynasty put emphasis on the commander's leadership that should be good at both literary and martial arts, as well as the harmony in military-to-military relations. After all, the intellectuals in the early Joseon Dynasty had linked the military arts and science to the sages of Confucian school under a premise that scholarship is to be used in combination with martial arts. And, as the nexus between the two, they noted the items of virtue, such as humaneness and righteousness (仁義); ritual and music (禮樂); loyalty and filial piety (忠孝); three fundamental principles (三綱); five moral disciplines (五倫). It can be said that this point is the typical features of the military arts and science in the early Joseon Dynasty, which cannot be found in Chinese military classics.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.69
• /
• pp.297-324
• /
• 2017

Recognizing that the ideological nature of Taoist Gwonseonseo whose publication was concentrated during the reign of King Gojong was connected to that of Jeoseungjeon, a Hangul manuscript novel in the 19th century, this study set out to examine the periodic significance of Taoist Gwonseonseo in the 19th century and check the ideological nature of Jeoseungjeon. Taoist Gwonseonseo puts an emphasis on Confucian ethics including loyalty and filial piety in a didactic aspect and shows that the practice of Confucian ethics brings good fortune, which was prominent in many private Taoist books that were huge hits in the latter part of Joseon, when Chinese Taoist Gwonseonseo was introduced in Joseon, translated and circulated in Korean, and spread widely among the public. Those works offer very specific cases of individuals doing good or evil deeds in this world and suffering the consequences in the next world. Jeoseungjeon presents the Buddhist experiences with the next world as the foundation with the next world depicted around the Great Jade Emperor, who emphasizes Confucian ethics, and the hierarchy of Taoist gods under the ultimate the Great Jade Emperor, thus clearly demonstrating the combination pattern of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism in the latter half of Joseon. The work describes the scenes of judgment and punishment in the next world according to the witness of the main character and thus gives specific ideas of daily goods, which is a feature found in the latter half of Joseon different from the previous pattern of next world experiences. It is Taoist Gwonseonseo widely spread among the people those days that connects the link.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.188-207
• /
• 2014

Taking the concept of 'Invention of Tradition' by Hobsbawm, this paper examines the change of perspectives on the past and the attitudes toward connecting the past and the contemporary in the 19th century restoration of religious buildings in England. The Anglican society in the early 19th century argued that the catholic theology and rituals should be revived in their practice, which has formed the Oxford Movement. Such aspiration has stimulated to the society to execute its religious practice in a proper space, which has resulted in the Cambridge Camden Society in the middle of the century. Their publications on church buildings and arrangement had much affected to the restoration of many churches to rip off the previous Georgian furnitures and features of the fabric into Gothic, the style of middle age. The perspective on the past for anti-restoration movement in the late 19th century has moved into the one to respect all historical layers of previous spirit imprinted in the church buildings. Inspired by Ruskin and formulated by Morris, SPAB's Manifesto has reflected that the spirit of the first builder can not be reproduced or copied by the contemporaries, and therefore a daily maintenance is the best practice to extend the life of spirit rather than restoration. In addition the material remains is no longer belong to the religious entity but should be regarded as national heritage. By examining the change of perspectives on the past between the early and middle of 19th century and the late 19th century, this paper has argued that the various factors such as social, economic, political, art and commercial factors should be examined together in the understanding of conservation history.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.191-221
• /
• 2019

This study aims to analyze the post-humanistic imagination that has emerged as a major academic thesis in Korean literature, especially novels. In particular, this paper focuses on Cho Ha-hyung's two novels Chimera's Morning(2004) and A Prefabricated Bodhi Tree(2008), published in the early 2000s, for intensive analysis. Post-humanism can be seen as an extension of post-modernism that tried to overcome the limitations of modernity and seek to establish a new world view. In particular, this thought pays attention to the comprehensive understanding of how the rapid development of science and technology, which has developed since the 20th century, has changed the view of humanity and human-centered civilization itself. At the concrete level, it is developing in the direction of constructing a new subject idea by reflecting and dismantling Western-, reason-, and male-centered power mechanisms that are the core of modern civilization. Cho attempts to discover and re-illuminate the surrounding figures, non-humans, and objects that were not noticed in the classic works written in the past. This ideological flow reflects the fact that the concept of human beings, which had been dominated by the humanities in recent years, has been completely changed, and the natural science and technology perspective is applied to the discourse field in various ways. From the point of view of post-humanism, objects that have not been classified as humans and objects that were considered inferior to humans should be included in human or comparable levels. These questions generate interdisciplinary research tasks by involving the large categories of philosophy, such as ontology, epistemology and empirical fields, as well as calling for the participation of the entire literature, science and social sciences. Against the backdrop of a disaster-hit world, Chimera's Morning and A Prefabricated Bodhi Tree depict human beings as variants transformed by bio-technology, and creatures made out of the artificial intelligence built by computer simulations. Post-humanistic ideas in Cho's novels provide a reflective opportunity to comprehensively reconsider the world's shape and human identity reproduced in the text, and to re-explore boundary lines and hierarchy order that distinguish between human and non-human.

• Journal of Ethics
• /
• no.88
• /
• pp.103-122
• /
• 2013

This paper aims to study on conceptual suitability or unfitness of Silhak(實學). It is general that by criticizing Chujahak(朱子學) or beyond the limitation of Seonglihak(性理學), Silhak has developed practical tendency to reforming the society in the middle and end of Chosen Dynasty, related to the context of Korean national reflection in modern times. However, it is unfortunate to be understood. As presented in Chosenwangjosillok(『朝鮮王朝實錄』), there has been a few usages in the term 'Silhak'. In short, it was different from its contemporary meaning. At that time, it was usually used to have the meaning of Gyunghak(經學), compared to Sajanghak(詞章學), or rarely, of 'the true study' or 'the practical study'. Therefore, it is to claim that its conception has been manipulated or exaggerated very seriously. Since 1930s, in particular, its conception has been misused in interpreting works of Jung Yak-Yong by some scholars, such as Jung In-Bo, Moon Il-Pyung and An Jae-Hong, who tried to apply the term to overcome the Japanese colonial era symbolised as modernity based on the future life of Korea. Even though their attempt has led to have crucial discussions on the conceptions of Silhak, it has an unnecessary result that there has been a new and totally different understanding of Silhak in South Korea, North Korea, China, Japan, etc., which means that the unsustainable conception of Silhak has been one of major problems in studying of Silhak. To give an practical solution, I would try to make sense of 'time spirit' whose scholars studied Silhak in the middle and end of Chosen Dynasty. A problem, however, is that a scholar group in the name of Bukhakpa(北學派) had certain links and bonds. This is because many scholars studying of Silhak were usually features out of the main stream, which made them it difficult to form any various groups. That is to say, it seems to be natural that they have dreamed of utopian imaginations less than of overlapping points in reality. To sum up, it would be concluded at least that any approach to human lives and thoughts in the given conceptions of Silhak, e.g. ethical thoughts of Silhak, enables us to be indifferentiated to take its true meaning and time spirit of Chosen Dynasty. To be disenchanted of its social roles in Chosen Dynasty, fundamentally, it should be escaped from the wrong net of illusions and sings in understanding Silhak in certain eclectic steps.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.174-180
• /
• 2016

This paper study about an unscented Kalman filter with a variety type of unscented transformation to estimate state values for speed control without position sensor of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The principles of an unscented transformation and unscented Kalman filter are examined and their application is explained. Generally the mapping process can be divided into two type, such as a basic and a general form according to a scaling parameter. And computation time, the number of samples, and weights about samples are different from each other. But, there is no little information on the scaling parameter value how this value influences the system performance. Simulation and experimental results show the validity of the designed unscented transformation performance with the various scaling parameter values for sensorless motor drive.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.29-43
• /
• 2012

This paper investigated the conceptual schemes in which four children constructed a strategy representing the situation as a figure and partitioning it related to the work which they quantify the result of partitioning to various types of fractions when an equal sharing situation was given to them in contextual or an abstract symbolic form of division. Also, the paper researched how the relationship of factors and multiples between the numerator and denominator, or between the divisor and dividend affected the construction. The children's partitioning strategies were developed such as: repeated halving stage ${\rightarrow}$ consuming all quantity stage ${\rightarrow}$ whole number objects leftover stage ${\rightarrow}$ singleton object analysis/multiple objects analysis ${\rightarrow}$ direct mapping stage. When children connected the singleton object analysis with multiple object analysis, they finally became able to conceptualize division as fractions and fractions as division.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.161-176
• /
• 2002

The Landscape of the Bibo Geomancy is generally showed in Korean traditional settlement. The tradition of the Bibo Geomancy was given much weight in the Korean geographic history of life, so it could be a important research theme. The discussion in my dissertation, 1 insist on that, a comment of the Bibo together with a comment of the selection of proper sites composed as axis in Korean geomancy. As a grounds basis of an argument, 1 described on the concept and the composition of the Bibo Geomancy, the backgrounds of the theory, the historical changes of the Bibo Geomancy in Korea, the form and the function of the Bibo and the comparison with the Bibo-Geomancy of the north-east Asia.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.479-486
• /
• 2004

We need to seek after new direction and order of design that puts more value on the spirits and culture of human beings in the 21st century, creating a new, all-inclusive value in which individual human being, the society and the environment can co-exist in a peaceful relationship by overcoming the materialistic, analytical, competitive, and differentiated values of traditional industrial society. The aim of this study, then, is to present a new method of design that can meet the demands of the 21st century in a civic age of information, knowledge and culture, by focusing on Monistic ideals derived from a deeply rooted Oriental philosophy. The concept of Monism is embodied by a mind set that treasures the benefit to others over rewards to the self, puts more importance on the spiritual life hidden behind physical phenomena, thinks more of what lacks than what exceeds, elevates the mind over the body, and seeks after beauty via a total harmony of balance and development that can be feasible only by combining all these elements. Ultimately, the new design principle based on the Monism consists of three basic elements: (1) identification of the subject and the object between things under the perception that all things are one (Unification); (2) the ability that helps things exist with appropriate beauty maintaining balance and stability (Harmony); and (3) the attitude of sharing to maintain sustainable vitality by filling up what lacks or is missing in a whole(Change).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2009

As a result of improved wastewater treatment facilities, the point source pollution emitted from human and municipal wastes is greatly decreasing. Conversely, the non-point source (NPS) pollution emanated from city streets, rural homes, suburban development, animal feedlot, croplands, and forestry is rapidly increasing. Practically, the main concern of the government is to control NPS pollutants by means of establishing a long term plan in order to protect the aqua-ecosystem. Studies have been conducted to assess the intensity of NPS from various landuses. In Korea, the data on NPS pollutant loadings are limited to few and broadly categorized landuses unlike in USA wherein specific landuses are available. This research aims to characterize the wash-off characteristics of NPS pollutants from forest landuse. Two sites were monitored during 15 storm events from 04/2008 to 10/2008. Mean $BOD_5$ EMCs are 1.13 mg/L and 0.91 mg/L for the two sites, respectively. The results of this research will be a helpful contribution for the assessment of total NPS pollutant loadings.