• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.209-231
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• 2007

This paper suggested an approach to characterize travel choice behaviors using the implicit price instead of the indirect utility. The choice criterion to compare the implicit prices of available trip options was developed from the utility maximization problem of a trip maker which is supposed to choose the best option from the available ones differentiated by only by the quantitative attributes such as travel cost and time but also by qualitative attributes such as comfort and safety. The utility maximization problem is constructed under household production theory, and is incorporated with a special kind of joint homogeneous production functions. The implicit price of a certain trip option is the sum of the monetary price and the multiple of travel time and the value-of-travel-time, and the value-of-travel-time refers to the portion of wage, which can be assignable to the trip-making activity. This choice criterion is statistically identifiable, and behaviorally plausible. Moreover, this criterion has the expression simpler than the indirect utility, and therefore could be an effective target of the statistical estimation for travel choice behaviors.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.611-653
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• 2013

An whistle-blowing is recognition of acts of misconduct or corruption by individuals(laborers) or party which belongs to a certain organization and it refers to the act of informing to the senior organization or to the outside public agency to avoid jeopardies that could be potentially lead against benefit of the public. These whistle-blowings can be a Ansatz that improve corporation's transparency and accountability by prevention of enterprise's misconduct as well, it has been recognized as an important role for the establishment of corporate ethics, moreover, social justice. What to be treated primarily as labor law problem is arousing some controversies of the possibility that the public announcement could be whether a disciplinary punishment or not because it brings some mischievous effects for the honor and the reputation to the company which conducted the illegal actions and the action of the contrary to the social value. And futhermore, recently, the matter of compensational responsibility according to the arrangement conversion, bullying followed by the informant has been brought up. The fundamental standpoint of precedent related with the judgement of justification for the punishment as reason of the whistle-blowing ought to do the sincere duty for the labor contract which is the employees are supposed to consider the employer's profits. For that reason, if the emploee release the inside fact to the public and give any damages to employer's secret or confidence or honor, it will be a causing reasong of the disciplinary punishment, but in specific cases, the relevant and level of punishment limitation can be judged by the contents of public announcement and the truth, the purpose of the acts and details and the way of announcement. Precisely, on the assumption that there are necessity of the characteristic profit or the freedom of expression for the informant, with overall consideration whether or the basis part of the informant is true or there is a fair reason which make the informant believe is true or the purpose of informant has the public profit or the contents of the whistle-blowing are important for relevant organization or the means and the way was suitable, if the whistle-blowing are approved to be resonable, the organization are not permitted the reprimand or dismiss Futhermore, to find the solution for the issues of the disciplinary punishment and the treatment of all sorts of disadvantages, for the reason of whistle-blowing, since the protection law for public declarer which was enacted in last 2011 have the position as the general law, the purport of the equal law has to be considered sytematically and also the judicial precedent which is related to the justification of whistle-blowing are needed to be considered as well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.320-323
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• 2007

웹 서비스와 같은 분산된 환경에서, 특정 서비스를 수행하기 위해서는 원격의 컴퓨터나 사이트상에서 다중 에이전트들의 협업을 통해 이루어진다. 이때 서비스는 여러 에이전트들의 복잡한 행위들에 의해 구성된다. 또한 지능적인 서비스를 위해서는 에이전트들의 상태정보, 목적정보, 그리고 계획정보 등을 이용한다. 특히 계획정보는 에이전트들이 일련의 행위들로 구성된다. 하지만 계획수립을 위한, 기존 연구들 대부분은 정적으로 기술된 서비스 명세와 초기상태 정보를 이용하여 특정 목표를 만족시키는 단일 계획 생성 방법을 연구해왔다. 따라서 계획수립이 실행 도중에 기대하지 않은 네트워크 장애나 방해 등으로 서비스 수행을 실패하는 경우, 그 계획은 무효가 되고 다시 계획을 생성 해야만 한다. 그러나 다시 계획을 생성하기 위해서는 많은 시간을 소비하게 될 뿐만 아니라 태스크 중복이 불가피하므로 매우 비효율적이다. 이 논문에서는 강건한 계획수립과 그 계획을 실행하기 위한 효과적인 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 계획수립의 재생성을 피하기 위한 방법으로 단일 계획수립 대신에 실행 가능한 다중 계획들로 표현된 강건한 계획을 생성하는 것이다. 강건한 계획의 행위들이 실행되는 동안, 각 단계마다 실행 가능한 행위를 선택한 후, 그 행위를 실행한다. 그러나 선택된 행위가 실행결과를 낼 수 없을 경우, 대체 가능한 서브 계획 경로를 선택하여 실행한다. 강건한 계획을 표현하기 위해 페트리 넷 기반의 방법을 제안한다. 강건한 계획 생성 방법에서는 이용 가능한 모든 계획들을 입력으로 사용한다. 그 계획수립 방법은 HTN 계획수립기로 잘 알려진 JSHOP2 계획수립기내에 구현하였다. 계획 실행 방법으로는 주어진 강건한 계획에 대하여 행위들이 직접 실행하수 있도록 한다.며 용량에 의존하는 양상을 보였다. $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 DNA의 손상은 catalase와 deferoxamine에 의해 억제되었지만 DPPD는 억제시키지 못했다. 배기음(排氣飮)은 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 ATP의 소실을 회복시켰다. 이러한 실험결과 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포(細胞)의 손상(損傷)은 지질(脂質)의 과산화(過酸化)와는 다른 독립적인 기전에 의해 일어남을 나타낸다. 결론 : 이러한 결과들로 볼 때 Caco-2 세포(細胞)에서 배기음(排氣飮)이 항산화작용(亢酸化作用)보다는 다른 기전을 통하여 Caco-2 세포안에서 산화제(酸化劑)에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포(細胞)의 사망(死亡)와 DNA의 손상(損傷)을 방지할 수 있다는 것을 가리킨다. 따라서 본 연구(硏究)는 배기음(排氣飮)이 반응성산소기(反應性酸素基)에 의해 매개된 인체(人體) 위장관질환(胃腸管疾患)의 치료(治療)에 사용할 수 있을 가능성(可能性)이 있음을 제시하고 있다.에 이를 이용하여 유가배양시 기질을 공급하는 공정변수로 사용하였다 [8]. 생물학적인 폐수처리장치인 활성 슬러지법에서 미생물의 활성을 측정하는 방법은 아직 그다지 개발되어있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 슬러지의 주 구성원이 미생물인 점에 착안하여 침전시 슬러지층과 상등액의 온도차를 측정하여 대사열량의 발생량을 측정하고 슬러지의 활성을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다.enin과 Rhaponticin의 작용(作用)에 의(依)한 것이며, 이는 한의학(韓醫學) 방제(方劑) 원리(原理)인 군신좌사(君臣佐使) 이론(理論)에서 군약(君藥)이 주증(主症)에 주(主)로 작용(作用)하는 약물(藥物)이라는 것을 밝혀주는

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.294-301
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• 2011

The current study examined the influence of current TV health programs on old people's practice of health behaviors through analyzing their recognition, watching behaviors and satisfaction. The study conducted 293 old people living in Pohang City, North Gyeongsang Province from March 17, 2008 to March 28, 2008. The results of this study were as follows: 86.3% of the respondents has watching experience of TV health programs in a month while there was a meaningful difference in frequency of watching by education, obesity and a clinical history. The degree of health behavior practice, 62.1% answered high while 17.7% said low. Factors that influence the degree of health behavior practice were sex, interest in health and experience of watching. In addition, men practiced 1.78 times more than women, those with more interest in health practiced 3.3 times of those with no interest, and those with watching experience presented 6.1 times higher practice degree than those with no experience. It was found that old people's recognition for TV health programs was positive, and the more frequently they watch the programs, the higher their practice of health behaviors was. In addition, old people's popularity rate of TV health programs means that they have a lot of opportunities to be exposed to information provided in health programs. Accordingly, it is thought that TV health programs should try to provide correct health information that can meet old people's needs.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 1997

당뇨병은 고혈당을 조절 안할 경우에는 돌이킬 수 없는 신체적 합병증은 물론 정신적 손상까지 받지만, 고혈당은 노력만 하면 조절이 가능하며, 정상에 가까울 정도로 조절되면 정상인과 같은 삶을 영위할 수 있다. 그러나 보건의료 전문가의 인슐린 주사 요법, 식사 및 운동요법 등의 일방적인 처방만으로 성공적인 당조절을 기대하기에는 어려움이 있다. 그래서 당뇨병 환자에게 당뇨병이라는 것이 무엇이며, 어떻게 이 병을 스스로 조절할 수 있게 만드느냐가 더욱 중요한 것이다. 따라서 우리나라에서도 당뇨병에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 각 지역과 의료기관마다 다양한 당뇨병 교육 프로그램이 실시되고 있다. 특히 소아 당뇨병 환자는 이러한 전통적인 당뇨병에 관한 교육을 통해서 당뇨병에 관한 지식은 많이 가지고 있지만, 당뇨병 자가 조절을 위한 환자 역할 행위(sick-role behavior)를 변화시키는데는 그다지 성공절이라 할 수 없다. Bandura(1977)는 자기 효능은 ‘할 수 있다는 자신감’으로 수행 성취, 대리 경험, 언어적 설득, 정서적 각성에 관한 정보에 의해 결정된다고 하였다. 따라서 이러한 정보들은 자기 효능을 증진시키기 위한 중재의 방향을 제시해 준다. 오늘날 이러한 정보를 활용한 중재 프로그램 중에서 가정과 학교를 떠나 자연 환경 속에서의 집단 활동을 통하여 사회 학습 경험을 하는 캠프 프로그램에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 캠프에 참여한 당뇨병 아이들은 캠프 활동속에서 다른 동료 아이들이 자신이 갖고 있는 문제들을 성공적으로 해결해 나가는 것을 관찰하여 대리 경험하게 될 때 희망을 가지게 되며, 당뇨병을 가진 다른 동료들과 공통의 경험을 공유할 수 있는 기회를 갖게 되어 그들은 자신이 더 이상 혼자가 아니며 남과 ‘다르지’도 않다는 것을 깨닫게 되어 점차 자신감을 가지고 살아갈 수 있게 된다. 본 연구는 캠프 프로그램이 소아 당뇨병의 자기 효능을 증진시키고, 당뇨병 환자 역할 행위 이행 정도를 높여주는지를 규명해 봄으로써, 소아 당뇨병 환자를 위한 효과적인 간호 중재 방안을 제시하고자 비동등성 대조군 전후 실험 설계의 유사 실험 연구를 시도하였다. 1996년 8월 10일 부터 12월 12일까지 종합병원에서 추후 관리하고 있는 소아 당뇨병 환자중 선정 기준에 맞는 환자 41명을 연구대상으로 하였으며, 그 중 19명은 실험군으로 Bandura의 자기 효능 증진을 위한 정보원을 활용한 캠프 프로그램을 5박 6일간에 걸쳐 실시하였고, 다음 22명은 대조군으로 캠프 프로그램을 실시하지 않았다. 자료수집은 자기 효능 척도와 환자 행위 역할 이행 척도를 캠프 프로그램을 실시하기 전에 사전 조사를 하고 중재 후 4주째 사후 조사를 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/PC+로 Chi-square test, t-test, ANCOVA, Pearson correlation을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 캠프 프로그램은 소아 당뇨병 환자의 자기 효능을 증진시키고 환자 역할 행위 이행을 높여주는데 효과적 이었다. 소아 당뇨병 환자의 자기 효능은 환자 역할 행위 이행과 순 상관 관계가 있어, 자기 효능이 증진될수록 환자 역할 행위 이행 정도가 높아졌다.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-58
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• 2024

It has become a general idea today that the characteristics of medicine should be considered as a basis when discussing a medical personnel's duty of care and whether or not it has been violated, and when discussing its duty of explanation and whether or not it has been fulfilled in medical practice. However, in the discussion of its characteristics, some shortcomings still exist, so the need for a re-discussion has been raised. Firstly, existing discussions on characteristics have failed to comprehensively grasp and explain the characteristics of medical practice. Secondly, in some researchers' arguments, there are discrepancies between the terms used to express characteristics and their conceptual definitions or content. Thirdly, the lack of exemplified cases that reflect the characteristics of medicine - especially Supreme Court precedents - has led some to think negatively about the recognition and reflection of certain characteristics. In my early writings, I have described five characteristics of medical practice: 'conflict in medical goals', 'initiating appropriate medical actions (progression of illness)', 'dynamics of medical intervention (diversity of symptoms)', 'diversity of medical effects', 'inherent risk of medical treatment (invasiveness)'. In this paper, keeping in mind the reasons for the need for reconsideration, I aim to analyze the characteristics of medicine in detail and cite key parts of representative Korean Supreme Court precedents that reflect each characteristic. The characteristics of medicine extracted from this paper are; There are ten factors, including the legitimacy of the essence of medical practice, timeliness of medical execution, dynamics of medical progress, diversity of medical effects, risk of medical invasion, non-uniformity of medical methods, limitations of medical capabilities, intervention of the medical subject, high degree of medical standards, and maldistribution of medical data.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.38
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• pp.245-275
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• 2007

This study analyzes interactivity between formal policy and informal trade practices at outside production market of broadcasting production environment in Korea. For this, this study raises three topics. First, the trait of historical context of policy making at outside broadcasting production policy: Second, the trait and meaning of path dependency behavior in the process of trade practices between over-the-air TV Organization and independent production companies : Three, the meaning of interactivity between formal policy and informal trade practices at outside broadcasting production market. Major findings of this study are : the trait of policy making was concentrated on the quantitative rates of the outside production program. And, the trait of trade practices was unfair rivalry in accordance with the custom of insider dealing. The chief cause of the conflict structure of outside broadcasting production market is lacked in policy complement at the qualitative dimension.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.261-268
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• 2012

This study investigates suicidal ideation and its associated factors by sex in adolescents, focusing health behaviors and health status. For this study, data of 931 adolescents(11-18years) from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES V-1, 2010) were analyzed. Those who had activity limitation, depression, less exercise showed higher suicidal ideation. For male adolescents, those who were high school student compared with middle school showed lower suicidal ideation and had depression showed higher suicidal ideation. On the other hand, the risk factors of suicidal ideation for female adolescents were activity limitation, smoking experience, depression, less exercise. The development of suicide prevention program for adolescents requires different approaches for each sex.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.47-59
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• 2010

Differing from most of current studies which recognizing game item cash-trade as simple static system, this study approaches game item cash-trade as Complex Adaptive System through historical analysis. The item-trade is a complex phenomenon converging between cyber-economy and real-economy, and production and consumption process of game-item are evolving dynamically over time. The results are following: first, the early item-trade emerges in endogenously rather than results from purposed system designed by singular actor. Second, after the early item-trade, the trade system as a CAS which various voluntary actors(single user, factory, game company, user community, agency, etc.) participates in is self-organizing for trading safety and efficiency. Third, the complex adaptive item-trade system satisfies actor's needs interdependently and accelerate positive feedback powerfully. This study implies that purposeful control disregarding emergent adaptive item-trade system distorts system efficiency and can lead to unintended policy failure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.57-82
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• 2022

Today, despite the increase in professional knowledge-related information needs of citizens, the expansion of citizen participatory research in academia, and the provision of information services for the professional knowledge, there are still difficulties in access to scholarly information resources by laypeople. Focusing on this problem, this study investigates laypeople's scholarly information needs and behaviors through a questionnaire survey. By examining the search and use behaviors of scholarly information resources, and the perception of the need to support the utilization of them, this study analyzes the degree and pattern of social sharing of scholarly information resources beyond the scholarly community. This study is significant in that it expands the range of users in traditional scholarly communication and emphasizes the need to support them to access and use scholarly information resources.