• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.16-26
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• 2007

Background &Objectives : Rhinitis is an inflammation of nasal mucosa and the major symtoms are watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose, and nasal obstruction. Rhinitis is classified into allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is an immune reaction by allergen, and vasomotor rhinitis which is nonallergic and noninfectious is hypersensitive reaction. The incidence of allergic rhinitis has increased and the rate of vasomotor rhinitis is high. However there have been no studies about vasomotor rhinitis compared with allergic rhinitis. And there have been no studies so far performed on the effect of Tongkwansan. Therefore this study is aimed to find out the effects of Tongkwansan on allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis. Materials and Methods : Fifteen BALC/c mouses were divided into three groups : normal group, control group and sample group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and sample group, mouses were sensitized intrapertioneally 0.1% ovalbumin solution three times at intervals of 1 week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, mouses in the sample group were oral administration treated by Tongkwansan for 28 days. We observed changes in the segment of IL-4, IL-5, $IFN-{\gamma}$, Total IgE, and ovalvumin specific IgE in blood. We used the statistical methods of ANOVA test(p<0.05). Results : There were no significant changes statistically in $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, and IL-5 in blood(p<0.05). There were also no significant changes statistically in Total IgE, OVA-specific IgE in blood(p<0.05). Conclusion : According to above results, it is supposed that Tongkwansan has no significant effects on allergic rhinitis. But it is supposed that Tongkwansan has significant effects on vasomotor rhinitis which is nonallergic and noninfectious

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.239-249
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• 2007

Background : Allergic rhinitis is the most frequently occuring immunological disorder. It affects men, women and children and represents significant cost in terms of suffering and loss of productivity. Objective & Methods : We referred to the information through Entrex Pubmed from 2004 to 2007 January about alternative medicine for allergic rhinitis, 9 treatises. Results : About 9 treatises, 2 treatises were for the acupuncture treatment, I treatise was for the acupuncture and chinese herbal medicine, 2 treatises were for the single substance(butterbur, soy sauce ingredients), 1 treatise was for the homeopathic preparation, 1 treatise was for the ayur-veda herbal treatment, 1 treatise was for the ultraviolet light phototherapy, 1 treatise was for the systematic review of alternative medicine. Except 2 treatises for the acupuncture treatment, 6 treatises used the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled methods. As a result, we found 5 treatises that treat group had more improvement than control group, 3 treatises that treat group had no difference control group on effect significantly. 1 review article exhibited the most of alternative medical literatures were inadequate methodologically and therapeutic efficacy alternative treatment for allergic rhinitis was not supported by currently available evidence. Conclusion : We found that treatises about the alternative medicine for allergic rhinitis were more and more published. We were supposed that many internal treatises were published adequately by methodology to prove Korean medical treatment effects for allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2001

1. The purpose of this study This study was performed on the basis of clinical consideration about rhinitis patients who suffered from sneeze, rhinorrhea, rhinocleisis and etc. And we checked the clinical inclination of this disease and the characteristic treatments of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. The method of this study For 17 months from October in 1999 to April in 2001 we selected outpatients who had consulted for rhinitis more than twice in the department of the Sasang Constitution of the Bundang Oriental medical hospital, Dongguk University, and 31 of those were confirmed of their course of treatment. From their medical records and history, we learned the general characterisics and patterns of rhinitis, and the qualities and effects of its various treatment. 3. The result of this study The result were as follows ; 1) The rate of patients who have had the symptoms over the two years was 74.2%. 2) In the distribution of chief symptoms, sneeze occupied 80.6% of all appealed symptoms, rhinocleisis 77.4%, rhinorrhea 71.0%, intranasal pruritus 54.8%, postnasal drip 16.1%, orderly. 3) The treatment period was about 30days. The method of treatment was the Herb-med Tx, acupuncture Tx and etc. The herb-med ingestion was about two times in that period. 4) On the effect of treatment, Sneeze and rhinocleisis were improved. 5) The symptoms of rhinitis was more depravated by fatigue and stressful condition than weather condition. This result shows that the improvement of general condition has an effect on the rhinitis treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate for rhinitis of middle school students and to confirm the effect of oriental medical treatments on rhinitis. We proceeded with this oriental medical treatment programs in collaboration with community health center. Methods : We have given oriental medical treatment, such as herbal medicines(pillet type Gamisinicheongpye-um and ointment) and intradermal acupuncture therapy at Hapgok (LI4), Yeonghyang (LI20), Indang, Bi-ik points, to patients for 9 weeks. Results of this treatment program were evaluated on a 4-point-scale depends on symptoms ; 'severe ()', 'moderate (++)', 'mild (+)' and 'no symptom (-)'. Results : After oriental medical treatments, rhinitis symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching and dysosmia) were improved significantly compared to before treatments (p<0.05). Conclusions : We confirmed rhinitis treated with oriental medicine should significant improvement and suggest that it is necessary to expand oriental medical treatment programs in collaboration with community health center.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

Objective : We performed a clinical study to investigate pattern characteristics in persistent allergic rhinitis depending on Korean Medicine pattern questionnaire items as a pattern identification diagnostic tool. Method : 32 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis were asked to interview with doctor of Korean Medicine and perform the 4 pattern questionnaires(Cold-Heat Pattern, Phlegm Pattern, Yin Deficiency pattern, bloodstasis pattern). Then, we analyzed the response rate of each pattern questionnaires. Results : After diagnosis of Korean Medicine Doctor's pattern identification, 17 individual items have higher response rate, 7 of 17 items have a common tendency in allergic rhinitis. The other 8 of 10 items belong to Lung qi deficiency cold and Lung-spleen qi deficiency group, these have higher tendency of deficiency. In bloodstasis pattern questionnaires, we don't decide the tendency of patients with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion : The result may provide that we don't use Korean Medicine pattern questionnaires as a major tool in the pattern identification of allergic rhinitis. Continuous studies are needed to develop the standardized pattern identification diagnostic tool.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2014

Objective : Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. Socheongryong-Tang traditionally has been used in Korea for treatment of allergy diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether SCRT suppresses the progression of AR in vivo and in vitro. Method : In this study, we investigated the effect of oral administration of SCRT on the Ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis mouse models. Additionally, to find a possible explanation for the anti-inflammation effects of SCRT, we evaluated the inflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-stimulated mouse inflammation cell (RAW264.7) and mouse splenocyte. Results : The finding of this study demonstrated that SCRT reduced mast cells and inflammation cells infiltration in OVA-induced nasal cavity. Additionally, SCRT inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in splenocyte. However SCRT don't inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion : Taken together, our results showed that oral administration of SCRT beneficial effects in allergic rhinitis, suggesting that SCRT might be a useful candidate for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-65
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• 2005

Objectives: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes that line the nose. Common symptoms include sneezing; a stuffy or runny nose; itchy eyes, nose and throat; and watery eyes. We aimed to determine therapeutic effects of Gudambope-tang by observing changes in blood cells and the nasal mucosal tissue. Methods: Fifteen Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal, control, and sample group. Allergic rhinitis was induced in the control and sample group by intraperitoneal and intranasal sensitization with 0.1% ovalbumin solution. Then Gudambope-tang was orally administered only to the sample group for 28days, while the rats in the control group was given normal saline. We observed changes in the number of RBC and WBC; changes of neutrophil, Iymphocyte and monocyte proportions; total IgE level and AST & ALT changes; also, changes in the nasal mucosal tissue. We used ANOVA test statistically(p<0.05). Results: 1. Gudambope-tang showed an inhibitory effect on the process of allergic rhinitis. 2. Gudambope-tang inhibited the inflammatory reaction on the nasal mucosal tissue. 3. Gudambope-tang had no hepatoxicity. Conclusions: According to the above results. it is considered that Gudambope-tang has an inhibitory effect on the process of allergic rhinitis and it can be used in relieving symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2005

Objectives: It has a growing interest in the prevention and medical treatment of allergic rhinitis. According to many studies, it's known that Sinicheongpye-um has the inhibitory effect on the allergic rhinitis. We have studied effect of the mice on OVA-induced Production of IL-4, IL-5, $Interferone-{\gamma}$ by Murine Splenocytes and effect of OVA-induced Total IgE. Methods: Mixing Ovalbumin(OVA) $10{\mu}g$ into PBS(phoshate buffered saline) and $Al(OH)_3$, gel solution and changing into $1\;m{\ell}$, we made it into OVA solution. That was administered to normal group. After the last administration into abdominal cavity, we caused allergic rhinitis in nasal cavity of mouse of control group and sample group administering 0.1% solution dropwise 3 times a day for 7 days. Keeping separated serum at -20 degree and after refloating spleen cells, cultivating the cells and centrifuging the upper liquid and keeping it at -20 degree, we measured the amount of IL-4. IL-5, $Interferone-{\gamma}$ and OVA-induced Total IgE by ELISA. Results: 1. In Total IgE, Sinichengpae-um treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect.(p<0.05) 2. In IL-4 study, Sinichengpae-um treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect.(p<0.005) 3. In IL-4 study, Sinichengpae-um treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect.(p<0.001) 4. In $Interferone-{\gamma}$ study, Sinichengpae-um treated group showed a increasing tendency. Conclusion: Based on the above result, it is considered that Sinichengpae-um has the inhibitory effect on the allergic rhinitis of mice and suggested thai it could be used in relieving patients of the symptoms which are caused by allergic rhinitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.74-86
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aimed to assess the scientific evidence for the use of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang, a traditional herbal formula, in the treatment of rhinitis, and prepare the basis for the investigational new drug application by analyzing the experimental studies. Methods : Ten electronic databases were searched up to December, 2016 without language limitation. Experimental studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang against rhinitis were included. We extracted data about study design, characteristics of intervention, outcomes, and pharmacological effects from the included studies and summarized them. Results : Eight hundred and thirty-three potentially relevant studies were identified, of which 18 experimental studies met our inclusion criteria. Of 18 included studies, 5 had conducted cell viability test, and all studies had reported that Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang was non-cytotoxic. Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang exhibits anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the inflammation-related cytokines including nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ in vitro and in vivo. Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang exhibits anti-allergic effect by suppressing eosinophil, and histamine levels. Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang helps in the recovery of nasal mucous membrane by supressing goblet cells, heat shock protein 70, and substance P. Conclusions : This study suggests that Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang has the potential to be developed as therapeutic agent for rhinitis. Further experimental and clinical studies needed to be performed to prove the safety and efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.75-96
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment trend for allergic rhinitis in Korean Medicine. Methods : We conducted an online survey for Korean Medicine Doctors who were registered in the association of Korean Medicine. The questionnaire was consisted of patient characteristics, diagnosis status, treatment status, and future research needs. Results : Data from total of 396 respondents were analyzed. More than 70% of the patient came to the Korean Medicine Clinic after visiting the Western Medicine Clinic in 43.9% of the respondents. 55.6% of the respondents performed combination therapy. History taking, nasal examination, x-ray, and Korean Medicine diagnostic test were used for diagnosis. The mean duration of treatment ranged from $4.9{\pm}2.91$ to $15.2{\pm}8.45$ for pediatric and early childhood patients and from $17.5{\pm}16.15$ to $5.3{\pm}3.85$ weeks for adolescents and adult patients. The mean number of treatment times was from $9.8{\pm}7.00$ to $33.5{\pm}24.45$ for pediatric and early childhood patients and from $10.8{\pm}11.55$ to $40.4{\pm}48.18$ times for adolescents and adult patients. 64.5%, 48.0%, and 91.2% of the respondents used herbal medication in national health insurance coverage, herbal medication uninsured in health insurance and herbal prescription filled at each medical institution, respectively for pediatric and early childhood patients and 67.6%, 42.8% and 86.1% for adolescents and adult patients. 36.9% and 36.4% of respondents answered that the study of acupuncture and herbal medicine are needed preferentially. Conclusions : The results of this survey will be used to develop clinical practice guideline that reflect actual clinical practice.