• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.132-138
• /
• 2009

Studies on target motion in 4-dimensional radiotherapy are being world-widely conducted to enhance treatment record and protection of normal organs. Prediction of tumor motion might be very useful and/or essential for especially free-breathing system during radiation delivery such as respiratory gating system and tumor tracking system. Neural network is powerful to express a time series with nonlinearity because its prediction algorithm is not governed by statistic formula but finds a rule of data expression. This study intended to assess applicability of neural network method to predict tumor motion in 4-dimensional radiotherapy. Scaled Conjugate Gradient algorithm was employed as a learning algorithm. Considering reparation data for 10 patients, prediction by the neural network algorithms was compared with the measurement by the real-time position management (RPM) system. The results showed that the neural network algorithm has the excellent accuracy of maximum absolute error smaller than 3 mm, except for the cases in which the maximum amplitude of respiration is over the range of respiration used in the learning process of neural network. It indicates the insufficient learning of the neural network for extrapolation. The problem could be solved by acquiring a full range of respiration before learning procedure. Further works are programmed to verify a feasibility of practical application for 4-dimensional treatment system, including prediction performance according to various system latency and irregular patterns of respiration.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2012

Business consulting which aims at advising overall management, comparative advantage in competitive environment, administration and so forth is deemed to be significant so that a credit union may flexibly respond to rapid and complicated financial environment. Accordingly, business consulting has been initiated and implemented in credit union since 2002, which seemingly leads to positive outcome to enhance its competitiveness. However, very few research exists which analyze the credit union's competitiveness and business performance after the business consulting. Thus, the research intends to verify how consulting influences on management performance by its various factors. With the above studies in mind, hypothesis is formed that the characteristics of a consulting comsumer and the characteristics of supplier will give a meaningful impact on management performance. The test shows the result as followings: Firstly, a primary credit union's trust and NACUFOK's expertise demonstrate that they are closely relevant to financial and non financial management performance. Secondly, support and willingness to apply states that they influences on non financial performance, while no direct impact is found to financial performance. Thirdly, NACUFOK's capability is rarely interrelated to financial and non financial performance. The present study implies that the credit union as a consulting beneficiary should participate in the consulting, accept the result, and make effort to solve the management problems. In addition, NACUFOK as a consulting supplier should initiate the organization in exclusive charge, perform the professional group, and foster the professional consultant for the development of consulting method, the improvement of consulting process, and the specialization of consultant including the enhancement of core competencies. When these perspectives are sufficient, it will be connected to the management outcomes, further, it will be boosted up the competitiveness of the Credit Union. Hopefully the present study helps to motivate the consulting of primary credit union, boost up the effectiveness of consulting, further, providing the perspective on consulting the credit union. And these may result in the indication of consulting development direction and the competitiveness of Credit Union.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was carried out to determine the possibility of continued embryo collection by repeatable superovulation from a Hanwoo elite cow, who was already estimated to an elite cow by DNA analysis. The donor cow was superovulated with Folltropin-V and PG $F_2$$\alpha$ combination method for 5 times, 2 months interval during 10 months. The estrus cows were inseminated with frozen semen 3 times 12 hrs interval. Embryo collection from superovulated cows was flushed non-surgical method at 7 to 8 days after artificial insemination. The superovulated cow was collected from 1 to 5$^{th}$ times as total (14, 4, 10, 6, 9 embryos; total 30 embryos) and transferable embryos (7, 4, 10, 3, 6; Mean$\pm$S.E : 6.0$\pm$2.7 embryos). Seventeen recipients were transferred 24 embryos and then detected to pregnant 10 recipients after embryo transfer (58.8%; 10/17 recipients) The results indicated that the possibility of repeatable superovulation from elite donor cow for embryo transfer could be confirmed in this study, although the replicated number was not enough.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of smoking prevention smoking cessation program using smoking cessation supporters on the smoking knowledge and beliefs and self-efficacy of smoking cessation of nursing students. The smoking prevention and smoking cessation program developed for this study consisted of general education on smoking (8 times for 30 minutes each time) and the activities of college student smoking cessation supporters. The 30 college student smoking cessation supporters consisted of 6 people per team, a total of 5 teams, and conducted online video promotions by team, smoking cessation promotion and campaign activities, recruiting and mentoring for smoking cessation challengers. As a result of the study, smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs using smoking cessation supporters were effective in increasing nursing students' smoking knowledge and changing their beliefs about smoking negatively. In particular, by understanding the awareness and overall situation of smoking among nursing students, and operating a smoking prevention and smoking cessation program, it made them realize that smoking prevention and secondhand smoke among non-smokers are threatening the health of others. It contributed to the spread of the smoking cessation culture in the university by providing a way to motivate people to quit smoking and to maintain their success in quitting smoking.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.43 no.11 s.353
• /
• pp.118-127
• /
• 2006

The wireless transmission medium inherently broadcasts a signal to all neighbor nodes in the transmission range. Existing asynchronous MAC protocols do not provide a concrete solution for reliable broadcast in link layer. This mainly comes from that an omnidirectional broadcasting causes to reduce the network performance due to the explosive collisions and contentions. This paper proposes a directional broadcast protocol by using neighborhood information in the link layer based o,1 directional antennas, named MNDB (MAC protocol with Neighborhood for reliable Directional Broadcast). This protocol makes use of neighborhood information and DMACA (Directional Multiple Access and Collision Avoidance) scheme through 4-way handshake to support a reliable directional broadcast. To analyze its performance, MNDB protocol si compared with $RMDB^{[1]}$, the protocol 2 of reference [3], and IEEE 802.11 $protocol^{[9]}$, in terms of the number of collisions, the number of dropped packets, the number of redundant packets, and broadcast delay.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 1982

In this paper we exploit the use of the intermittent property of speech to reduce the transmission rate or to increase signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) in coding speech by hybrid companding data modulation (HCDM). In this scheme we detect silence in speech by a speech/silence discriminator. HCDM coding is done only for speech portion. For silence that is detected in evert block of 5 ms, only the information indicating that the Since the HCDM coder transmits bina교 signal synchronously at a fixed rate, the use of a buffer and its efficient control is essential. By using the HCDM with silence detection in coding speech, we could improve SONR by as much as 6 dB over the conventional HCDM or reduce the transmission rate by one third of the HCDM rate.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.42 no.2 s.332
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2005

This paper describes a DLL(delay locked loop)-based multi-clock generator having the lower active stand-by power as well as a fast relocking after re-activating the DLL. for low power and high speed VLSI chip. It enables a frequency multiplication using frequency multiplier scheme and produces output clocks with 50:50 duty-ratio regardless of the duty-ratio of system clock. Also, digital control scheme using DAC enables a fast relocking operation after exiting a standby-mode of the clock system which was obtained by storing analog locking information as digital codes in a register block. Also, for a clock multiplication, it has a feed-forward duty correction scheme using multiphase and phase mixing corrects a duty-error of system clock without requiring additional time. In this paper, the proposed DLL-based multi-clock generator can provides a synchronous clock to an external clock for I/O data communications and multiple clocks of slow and high speed operations for various IPs. The proposed DLL-based multi-clock generator was designed by the area of $1796{\mu}m\times654{\mu}m$ using $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS process and has $75MHz\~550MHz$ lock-range and maximum multiplication frequency of 800 MHz below 20psec static skew at 2.3v supply voltage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
• /
• v.36S no.8
• /
• pp.8-16
• /
• 1999

In this paper, the performance of a hybrid DS/SFH-SS(direct-sequence/slow-frequency-hopped spread-spectrum) system with coherent BPSK modulation over Nakagami fading channel in the presence of multiple tone jamming is analyzed. Because the Nakagami m-distribution can describe not only Rayleigh fading but also more general fluctuations involving a specular component by adjusting the value of the fading index m. It is known that for m=1 corresponds to Rayleigh fading, for $1/2{\le}m{\le}1$ corresponds to the worst case fading condition, for m>1 corresponds to Rician fading, and for $m{\to}{\infty}$ corresponds to the nonfading condition. The bit error probability is derived over Nakagami model and numerical evaluations are presented for some combinations of system parameters. The results show that as m increases, the bit error probability is better. Also, at a low JSR(jamming-to-signal power ratio), a pure DS-SS system can achieve lower bit error probability than a hybrid DS/SFH-SS system. But at a high JSR, a hybrid DS/SFH-SS system is shown to be superior to a pure DS-SS system. Therefore, it is demonstrated that without increasing the total system bandwidth, the performance of a hybrid DS/SFH-SS is superior to that of a pure DS-SS system in the presence of multiple tone jamming.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.94-105
• /
• 2008

Numerous platforms have been developed for ZigBee-based network embedded systems. Also, operating systems like TinyOS have been installed to facilitate efficient implementation of wireless sensor network applications which collect data, and/or execute commands. First of all, porting an operating system on a new platform may need invention of a substitute for a required but unsupported hardware component. This paper presents a multiplexed virtual system timer for a platform without a counter comparator which we have contrived to emulate by using an extra counter. Such porting also injects unexpected faults which cause a variety of painful failures. Unfortunately, TinyOS requires to handle a lot of asynchronous hardware interrupts which are hard to trace during debugging. Besides, simulators are not available for a new platform since the models of hardware on the platform are not usually developed, yet. We propose novel instrumentation techniques which can be used to effectively trace the bugs in such lack of debugging environment. These techniques are used to identify and fix a great deal of nasty issues in porting TinyOS 2.0 on MG2400 and MG2455 platforms made by RadioPulse Inc.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.363-370
• /
• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate correlation between self-evaluation factors and academic achievement of medical students according to introduction of explanation meeting in cadaveric dissection. The students explained cadaveric structure to health allied sciences students and discussed with each other. Just after the meeting, 102 medical students filled out a self-reported questionnaire on impact of self-evaluation factors and communication. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Regardless of their gender, age, previous experience, the majority of the students gave high scores in all of self-evaluation factors. Among them, linkage with major and verbal communication factor were closely related to their academic achievement(p<0.05). The verbal and non-verbal communication factors also had a high correlation of 0.580(p<0.01). The explanation meeting provided a chance to learn further with positive attitude to medical students and motivated them academically.