• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-165
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• 1994

Structural adjustment of industry (or industrial restructuring) seems to be inherent in the process of capitalist economic development, which tends to be proceeded with shifts from one stage to another in order to overcome structural crises generated in each stage. The structural adjustment of industry is necessarily accompanied with regional restructuring, since it is not only projected on spece, but also mediated by space. Such a restructuring necessitates industrial and uneven regional devlopment through which capital can seek excessive profits over the rate of socio-spatial average. The industrial restructuring and uneven regional development in the 1980s in Korea can be seen as a process in which capital attempted with a strong support of the govenment to overcome the crises in the end of 1970s and hence to go on rapid economic growth. In this process, capital, especially monopoly capital concentrated into few conglomerates, pursued both extensive expansion and intensive development of industry simultaneously. In results, the Korean economy could eliminate some of peripheral characters and maturate the Fordist accumulation system. The extensive expansion of the Korean industry in the 1980s was stimulated mainly through the enlargement and adjustment of investment for equipment facilities which was planned to exclude or rationalize traditional light industries on some places, and to continue rapid growth of key heavy-chemical industries, especially of fabricated metal industry, on other places. In this process, keeping mainly the existing developmental axis which polarized the Seoul Metroplitan region and the Southeast region in Korea, the enhancing spatial mobiiity of capital and the further differentiating division of labour enforced a tendency of concentration of all types of industry in the Seoul Metropolitan region, and at the same time provoked the diffusion of some industries over Jeolla and Chungchong regions in a considerable extent. The intensive development of industriai structure in the 1980s was pursued through the strategic encouragement of subcontracting small firms mainly which produced assembling components, the technical enhancement and factory (semi-) automation, and the enrichment of service industries for estate management, finance, distribution and retailing which supported and complemented the production of goods. In this process, enabling capital to extend and elaborate its domination over space through the reorganization of regulating systems, the Fordist division of labour generated a socio-spatial hierarchy in the nation-wide scale that characterized: the Seoul Metropolitan region as an overmaturated (or overarching) Fordist region performing the conceptive functions of management, research and development, in which all types of industry (including service industries) tended to be reconcentrated; Kyungsang region as a maturated Fordist region with excutive branches of large conglomerates and with subcontracting firms around them which produced standardized products through the automized production processes in secialized Fordist industries or rationalized traditional industries; and Jeolla and Chungchong regions as newly devloping Fordist regions with newly migrated branches and some subcontracting small firms-in relatively older Fordist industries or partly rationalized traditional industries. From these analyses, it can be argued that the structural adjustment of the Korean industry in the 1980s, which had carried out both through the extensive expansion and the intensive deveiopment, strengthened further uneven regional development process, even though it appears to have reduced apparently the economic and regional disparity by balancing numerically large and small firms and by extending the Fordist industrial space nation-wideiy. And it seems more persuasive to see that the Korean industrial structure in the 1980s maturated the Fordist system of accumulation, but not yet transformed towards the post-Fordist (or the so-called flexible) accumulation system, even though the Korean economy in the 1990s seems to be under a pressure of restructuring towards the latter system.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.1077-1083
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• 2000

본 논문은 운송 컨테이너 식별자의 자동화 처리를 위한 문자 인식의 단계중 최종 문자 인식 전단계 까지의 처리 과정을 컨테이너의 특성에 맞게 제안하였으며, 이러한 전처리 과정은 문자 인식 시스템의 성능에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 제안한 방법은 먼저 입력된 컨테이너 컬러 영상을 명암 영상으로 바꾸고 전체 영상중 인식에 필요한 식별자 영역만을 경계선 검출과 형태학적 연산을 이용하여 추출한다. 이어서 다양한 배경색과 문자색을 판단하여 일반 문서와 같이 일관성있게 통일한 후, DCT를 이용한 명암도별 이진영역으로 분할한 후에 Otsu방법과 새로운 이진화방법을 자동으로 선택하여 효율적인 이진화가 이루어지도록 하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 이진 영상은 문자인식 단계로 넘어갈 수 있도록 개별 문자로 분할한다. 이 방법은 컨테이너 영상의 불균등한 배경색과 잡음으로 인하여 문자인식에 오류가 생기는 단점을 보완하였으며 컨테이너 특성을 최대한 반영함으로써 효과적인 전처리 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 제안한 방법의 응용은 컨테이너 이외의 다른 상황에서도 매우 효과적으로 사용될 수 있으리라 본다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.87-89
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 양극성 직류 배전 시스템에 사용할 수 있는 절연형 3-레벨 전압 평형기를 제안한다. 전압 평형기는 양극성 부하에서 발생하는 불균등한 전압을 보상해주는 필수적인 전력변환장치이다. 제안하는 1단 구성의 절연형 전압 평형기는 오직 3-레벨 Dual Active Bridge DC-DC 컨버터로만 구성되고, 기존에 전압 벨런싱을 위해 사용되던 추가적인 비절연형 전압 평형기를 필요로 하지 않는다. 따라서 기존 비절연형 전압 평형기에 사용되는 수동 및 능동 소자를 제거함으로써 전력변환 장치의 전체적인 전력 밀도 및 전력 변환 효율을 향상시키는 장점을 가진다. 새롭게 제안하는 스위칭 방식을 통해 3-레벨 전압 평형기가 절연과 전압 벨런싱 기능을 동시에 수행한다. 3 kW급 전압 평형기의 시작품을 이용하여 제안하는 토폴로지와 제어 알고리즘의 성능과 타당성을 실험적으로 검증하였다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

There are many cities installing ITS(Intelligent Transportation Systems) and running TMC(Trafnc Management Center) to improve mobility and safety of roadway transportation by providing roadway information to drivers. There are many devices in ITS which collect real-time traffic data. We can obtain many valuable traffic data from the devices. But it's impossible to avoid missing traffic data for many reasons such as roadway condition, adversary weather, communication shutdown and problems of the devices itself. We couldn't do any secondary process such as travel time forecasting and other transportation related research due to the missing data. If we use the traffic data to produce AADT and DHV, essential data in roadway planning and design, We might get skewed data that could make big loss. Therefore, He study have explored some imputation techniques such as heuristic methods, regression model, EM algorithm and time-series analysis for the missing traffic volume data using some evaluating indices such as MAPE, RMSE, and Inequality coefficient. We could get the best result from time-series model generating 5.0$\%$, 0.03 and 110 as MAPE, Inequality coefficient and RMSE, respectively. Other techniques produce a little different results, but the results were very encouraging.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.7 s.93
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• pp.15-25
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the impact of region-wide travel pattern on local fiscal capacity in the Seoul metropolitan area. The study adopted both factor analysis and regression modeling for it, while using fiscal-and travel-related variables as well as urban characteristics determining travel patterns. We used the former method to compress independent variables of travel and urban characteristics because of strong correlationship between them. Four factors identified by the analysis output were adopted in regression models with some dependent variables representing local fiscal capacity. Their results resulting from both analyses showed that local fiscal inequality within the metropolitan area is driven by region-wide travel Patterns such as total trips. inner trip ratio, and the ratio of trips from and to the Seoul city.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.97-115
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• 2023

In recent years, the structure of the population has been changing rapidly, with a declining birthrate and aging population, and the inequality of population distribution is expanding. At this point, changes in population estimation methods are required, and more accurate estimates are needed at the subregional level. This study aims to estimate the population in 2040 at the 500m grid level by applying an explainable machine learning to Busan in order to respond to this need for a change in population estimation method. Comparing the results of population estimation by applying the explainable machine learning and the cohort component method, we found that the machine learning produces lower errors and is more applicable to estimating areas with large population changes. This is because machine learning can account for a combination of variables that are likely to affect demographic change. Overestimated population values in a declining population period are likely to cause problems in urban planning, such as inefficiency of investment and overinvestment in certain sectors, resulting in a decrease in quality in other sectors. Underestimated population values can also accelerate the shrinkage of cities and reduce the quality of life, so there is a need to develop appropriate population estimation methods and alternatives.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.359-374
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• 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the transformation of Chinese regional development policy and trends in spatial inequality in mainland China. More specifically, it has attempted to identify the effects of Chinese regional development policies on regional economic inequality by investigating the coefficient of variation and Gini coefficient with GRDP in the province level. Regional inequality in China had increased from 1979 economic reform, but has eased since the 10th Five Year Plan(2001~2005) due to large-scale state investments in the western, central and northeastern regions. However, the analysis is likely to be resulted from the national level. Trends in regional inequality are differentiated in accordance with the eastern, central, northeastern and western regions. For example, regional inequality in the central region has increased, whereas other three regions has decreased since the 10th Five Year Plan. It has played a role in cutting down regional inequality in the national level. In particular, the central region has kept inequality since the 12th Five Year Guideline. It has led to the convergence of the regional economies in the national level. It has stemmed from some limits to greater regional policies in the Central region enforced in the 11th Five Year Guideline(2005~2010).

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.3 s.76
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• pp.317-324
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• 2005

The specially orthotropic plate theory is used to analyse three-span continuous composite slab bridges with elastic intermediate supports. A method of calculating the natural frequency corresponding to the first mode of vibration of beams and tower structures, with irregular cross sections and with arbitrary boundary conditions, was developed and the result of application of this method to the three-span continuous composite slab bridges with elastic intermediate supports is presented. This type of bridge represents either concrete or sandwich type three-span bridge on polymeric supports for passive control or on actuators for active control. Any method may be used to obtain the deflection influence surfaces needed for this vibration analysis. The finite difference method is used for this purpose in this paper. The influence of flexural stiffnesses and the modulus of the foundation are studied.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.309-319
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• 2000

The purpose of a parallel scheduling under a multiprocessor environment is to carry out the scheduling with the minimum synchronization overhead, and to perform load balance for a parallel application program. The processors calculate the chunk of iteration and are allocated to carry out the parallel iteration. At this time, it frequently accesses mutually exclusive global memory so that there are a lot of scheduling overhead and bottleneck imposed. And also, when the distribution of the parallel iteration in the allocated chunk to the processor is different, the different execution time of each chunk causes the load imbalance and badly affects the capability of the all scheduling. In the paper. we investigate the problems on the conventional algorithms in order to achieve the minimum scheduling overhead and load balance. we then present a new parallel loop scheduling algorithm, considering the locality of the data and processor affinity.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.513-525
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• 2019

In Seoul, the subway system has been in use since 1974 and is the most frequently used travel mode accounting for approximately 40% of passenger journeys in 2015. As such the subway system is widely adopted by people and therefore, can have great impacts on their everyday life. However, it is easily noted that transit resources are not distributed spatially uniform, in other words, not all parts of the city gain the same benefits from their networks. This study aims to examine the inequity of spatial distribution of subway networks based on accessibility. Accessibility of subway networks are calculated based on the time-distance between stations and then equity is measured using the Gini index. Resulted map of subway accessibility shows that the benefits are not evenly distributed in Seoul with a pattern of highly accessible core - less accessible periphery areas. Also the subway accessibility network has fairer distribution against the employees' distribution rather than the distribution of general population or possibly transit dependent groups.