• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.127-160
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• 2014

The UN COPUOS was established in 1959 as a permanent committee of the UN General Assembly with the aims to promote international cooperation in peaceful uses of outer space, to formulate space-related programmes within the UN, to encourage research and dissemination of information on space, and to study legal problems arising from the outer space activities. Its members have been enlarged from 24 members in 1959 to 76 in 2014. The Legal Subcommittee, which has been established under COPUOS in 1962 to deal with legal problems associated with space activities, through its first three decades of work has set up a framework of international space law: the five treaties and agreements - namely the Outer Space Treaty, Rescue Agreement, Liability Convention, Registration Convention, Moon Agreement - and the five declarations and legal principles. However, some sceptical views on this legal framework has been expressed, concerning the applicability of existing international space law to practical issues and new kinds of emerging space activities. UNISPACE III, which took place in 1999, served as a momentum to revitalize the discussions of the legal issues faced by the international community in outer space activities. The agenda of the Legal Subcommittee is currently structured into three categories: regular items, single issue/items, and items considered under a multi-year workplan. The regular items, which deal with basic legal issues, include definition and delimitation of outer space, status and application of the five UN treaties on outer space, and national legislation relevant to the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. The single issues/items, which are decided upon the preceding year, are discussed only for one year in the plenary unless renewed. They include items related to the use of nuclear power sources in outer space and to the space debris mitigation. The agenda items considered under a multi-year work plan are discussed in working group. Items under this category deal with non-legally binding UN instruments on outer space and international mechanism for cooperation. In recent years, the Subcommittee has made some progress on agenda items related to nuclear power sources, space debris, and international cooperation by means of establishing non-legally binding instruments, or soft law. The Republic of Korea became the member state of COPUOS in 2001, after rotating seats every two years with Cuba and Peru since 1994. Korea's joining of COPUOS seems to be late, in considering that some countries with hardly any space activity, such Chad, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Lebanon, Cameroon, joined COPUOS as early as 1960s and 1970s and contributed to the drafting of the aforementioned treaties, declarations, and legal principles. Given the difficulties to conclude a treaty and un urgency to regulate newly emerging space activities, Legal Subcommittee now focuses its effort on developing soft law such as resolutions and guideline to be adopted by UN General Assembly. In order to have its own practices reflected in the international practices, one of the constituent elements of international customary law, Korea should analyse its technical capability, policy, and law related to outer space activities and participate actively in the formation process of the soft law.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.40-53
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• 2016

Participatory budgeting has been introduced and proliferated with differentiated types by Local Finance Act which had been revised in 2011. This study aims to classify the types of Participatory Budgeting by participatory institutions and participatory levels and suggest the implications. We have reviewed the participatory budgeting operation ordinances, operating plans and operating systems of 243 local governments. And the participatory budgeting can be divided into five types. First, submission of opinion type found in 100 local governments is characterized by operating without participatory institutions. Second, commission type found in 85 local governments is characterized by having only participatory budgeting committee. Third, regional meeting type found in 21 local governments is characterized by having participatory budgeting committee and regional meeting or only regional committee. Fourth, public-private partnership type found in 30 local governments is characterized by having citizen-government meeting. Fifth, delegated power type found in 7 local governments is characterized by having policy fair or mobile voting, or both. Analysis showed that institutionalization levels of participatory budgeting is not high because many local governments(76.5%) are belong to submission of opinion type or commission type in South Korea. For developing participatory budgeting, participatory institutions, such as citizen-government meetings, policy fair or mobile voting, should be adopted and proliferated in more and more local governments.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

Since the commercial operation of Kori Unit #1 nuclear power plant(NPP) started in 1978, 23 units at present are operating in Korea. Radioactive wastes will be steadily generated from these units and accumulated. In addition, the life-extension of NPPs, construction of new NPPs and decontamination and decommissioning research facilities will cause radioactive wastes to increase. Recently, Korea has revised the new classification criteria as was proposed by IAEA. According to the revised classification criteria, low-level, very-low-level and exempt waste are estimated to about 98% of total disposal amount. In this paper, current status of overseas cases and disposal method with new classification criteria are analyzed to propose the most reasonable method for estimating the amount of decommissioning waste when applying the new criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.7-22
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• 1997

Korean Library Association brought out the fourth revised and enlarged edition of KDC last year. Compared with the former edition It Is a marked improvement. Neverthless, it leaves much room for improvement. In order to examine and evaluate the edition more effectively, I confined my study to the class 'Philosophy'. In my judgment the problem resolves itself into following three points: 1) Each regions, blanches of philosophy is not properly balanced. As is generally known KDC was originally derived from DDC. As a result KDC and DBC are similiar with regard to their stress on the philosophical tradition of the West. In consequence, it is lacking in universality. 2) The classifiers neglected on several occassions the logical regulations of classification. The vertical and horizontal relations between the subjects are not strictly respected. 3) The persons concerned were not well informed of philosophical conceptions and genealogies. There are some misused conceptions and disorganized genealogies of philosophy. To my knowledge these problems originate in the lack of professional understanding of philosophy necessary to make the work satisfactory As a result of the examination I came to the conclusion that it is inevitable for the classifiers, to ask to specialists in philosophy for mutual cooperation. Without their professional advices the classifiers will find difficulty in solving the problems and in improving the classification

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2019

The process of establishing domestic standards on hazardous substances in food safety regulations requires harmonization with standards from the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). For this purpose, food classification by the CAC (Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds) also needs to be clearly understood. Therefore, this paper aimed to introduce the Codex Classification on cereal grains, nuts/seeds and herbs/spices because revisions of the Codex were completed in 2017 for cereal grains and in 2018 for nuts/seeds and herbs/spices. The revised Codex Classification on those foods is briefly summarized as follows. Cereal grains in the domestic food classification by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Korea (MFDS) corresponds to the Codex Group 020 cereal grains with six subgroups. The MFDS's nuts and seeds classification corresponds to three groups in the Codex, namely, Group 022 (tree nuts with no subgroups), Group 023 (oilseeds and oilfruits with 5 subgroups), and Group 024 (seeds for beverages and sweets with no subgroups). The food commodities of herbs and spices are included in two Codex groups, Group 027 (with 3 subgroups) and Group 028 (with 9 subgroups). The number of Codex commodity codes assigned to food commodities was 27 for Group 020, 32 for Group 022, 46 for Group 023, 4 for Group 024, 127 for Group 027 and 138 for Group 028. In between the Codex Classification and the MFDS's classification, some differences are shown. For example, the MFDS did not create a subgroup under groups of cereal grains and herbs. The MFDS classified peanuts into the nut group, though a separate group for oilseeds is present, while the Codex classified peanuts into the oilseed and oilfruit group. In addition, there is also a separate group of "plants, others" present in the MFDS's classification. Therefore, care is needed in using the Codex Classification.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2011

All of area we live in has its own geographic names. Even small size of rock under the water has its own name. They are called "marine geographic names". Marine geographic names can be classified two categories. One is a proper name; the other is an attribute name. Rocks, reefs and banks referred in the introduction, belong to the category of the attribute name. And there are certain standards to name marine geographic things. In this study, we conducted a case research with the aims to figure out how we name and use those three features that we consider dangerous factors for marine navigation. This study also focused on differences between the methods used to classify attributes of marine geographic names in the past and today. In addition, it reviewed and analyzed marine geographic names used by Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration (KHOA) on its own Nautical charts and conducted a case research on marine geographic names notified by Korean Committee on Marine Geographic Names. Based on research and analysis, this study presents future methods regarding marine geographic names standardization.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the priority partner countries for technical vocational education and training (TVET), using the cluster analysis. The partner countries were prioritized for finance supports and knowledge sharing. We had also redesigned the TVET assistance process as well as reflected the needs of recipient countries for TVET. Especially, by redesigning the methodological support process, we also increased the effectiveness and efficiency of TVET official development assistance. In research method, potential 24 priority partner countries have been designated by the international development cooperation committee and selection criteria of international cooperation agencies and banks. Then, we conducted the cluster analysis, using three main variables: economic factor, labor market factor, education factor. In results, we clustered four and three types of the priority partner countries for TVET. In future, we suggested the new approach for selecting the priority partner countries in terms of employment and labor as well as non-designated partner countries, which will need to cooperate for TVET.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.553-555
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• 2013

Game Rating Board(GRB) of Korea set up in 29 October, 2006 has been 7th years and it will disappear in 23 November, 2013. For the first time the 'GRB' of Korea has the goal which held the nonofficial transfer of rating classification for game. But it had the justification which become more distant from the nonofficial transfer due to the affairs of 'See Story' in August, 2006. As a result, because of rapid normalization of game rating rather than the systematic transfer from 'Video Rating Board' of Korea cause no preparation of scientific professional rating review. It showed the entry-level appearance though stressing profession from the beginning of setup. Specially more transaction expense were increased because of no consistency and predictability for game review. However, it could be overcome by preparation for definite global standard and scientific rating system. Consequently technological possibility of BMM Korea based on 'Gaming Laboratory Institute(GLI)' standard expected to be alternative in the technical review of the adult arcade game.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics and chronological changes of gastric cancer in Korea, the Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association performed nationwide survey for 2004. Materials and Methods: The data on patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery in 2004 were collected from 57 institutes and compared with those of 1995 and 1999 which were reported in 2002. Fourteen factors (sex, age, tumor location and size, gross type, approach to operation, radicality, operative method, reconstruction method, WHO and Lauren classification, UICC stage, and numbers of positive and retrieved lymph nodes) were analyzed. According to the annual number of gastric cancer operations, 57 institutes were divided into 4 groups (group 1, <100; 100 ${\leq}$ group 2 < 200 operations; 200 ${\leq}$ group 3 < 500 operations; group 4, ${\geq}500$). Results: Data on 11,293 patients were collected. The sex ratio (M : F) was 2.05 : 1 (7,586/3,705). The mean age was 58.0 years old. The age of highest incidence in both male and female has increased recently. The proportion of early gastric cancer has increased from 28.6% in 1995 and 32.8% in 1999 to 47.4% in 2004. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 34.0 (32.8, 34.0, 36.1, and 32.9 for group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively). Conclusion: Early gastric cancer has increased in 2004 compared to 1995 and 1999. Gastric cancer surgery seems to be performed with acceptable quality in view of number of retrieved lymph nodes. These data presented in nationwide survey could be used as a fundamental resource for gastric cancer in Korea.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2014

This review study was conducted to recommend the effective use of herbicide mixtures in Korea. The herbicide ingredients by Herbicide Resistancce Action Committee (HRAC) was classified into 23 groupes according to the mode of action (acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, acetolactate synthase, photosystem I and II inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors, dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors, cellulose inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers, fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, synthetic auxins, auxin transport inhibitors and potential nucleic acid inhibitors or non-descript mode of action). The rice herbicide mixtures registered in Korea were classified based on the guideline of HRAC. Accordingly, such a classification system for resistance management can help to avoid continuous use of the herbicide having the same mode of action in the same field.