• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.332-338
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• 2004

An investigation in search of the best oxidizing agent for smoke generators using rice chaff as a combustible carrier was carried out. Smoke rods formulated with active ingredients (AIs) such as inorganic oxidizing agents, glue, and powdered rice chaff, showed constant and high burning rate and high smoking rate on 11 kinds of pesticides. Sodium chlorate was the most suitable oxidizing agent for smoke rod. Even though the sodium chlorate content of the formulation showing the highest smoking rate of AI was variable to pesticides, the smoking rate appeared to increase as the burning rate increased. Active ingredients in smoke generator using rice chaff as a combustible carrier were stable for 60 days when stored at $50^{\circ}C$. An apparatus designed for smoke trapping was useful to collect smoked active ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of soaking time of seed disinfectant, Fludioxonil on the germination and disease occurrence of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf). The germination rate was higher in the seed disinfectant treatment for 3 days followed by seed soaking for 3 days than that of other treatments under controlled condition of low temperature. The value of two experiments were 90.8%, 96.7%, repectively. And, the time of seed soaking was longer, the more seed rot was proportionly decreased. In the pot and field experiment, germination rates were somewhat low compared to that of petri dish experiment as 88.3%, 84.3%, and occurence of seedling blight showed similar results that of petri dish experiments. There was not significantly different in the yield components among treatments in the field. However, as compared with untreated plot (194kg/10a), unhulled grain yield was increased about 26% on that treatment. Based on these results, it has been thought that improvement of the germonation rate and decrease of disease occurrence of adlay were accompanied with the seed disinfectant during 3 days followed by seed soaking during 3 days before sowing.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2002

뉴켓슬병은 전염성이 매우 빠르고 폐사율도 높은 바이러스성 질병으로 닭, 비둘기, 꿩, 메추리 등 거의 모든 조류에서 발생되며 호흡기 증상, 소화기 증상 및 신경증상이 나타난다. 이 질병은 국제수역사무국(OIE)에서 지정하는 리스트 A 질병이며 국내에서는 제l종 가축전염병으로 분류되고 있다. 이 질병은 1926년 인도네시아 자바섬과 같은 해 영국 뉴켓슬지방에서 처음으로 확인된 것을 계기로 질병발생 지방명을 따서 뉴켓슬명이라 불리게 되었다. 국내에서의 뉴켓슬병 발생은 일본인 오찌(Ochi)와 하시모토(Hashimoto)에 의해 처음으로 확인된 바 있으며 이들의 보고에 의하면 1924년에 이미 이 질병 발생이 국내에 있었던 것으로 알려져 있다. 80여 년이 지난 오늘날에도 뉴켓슬병은 국내에서 계속 발생되고 있으며 돼지콜레라 및 구제역과 함께 OIE 리스트 A 질병 3종 중 하나라는 오명을 갖고 있다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1998

The ecology of rhizome rot incidence rates between Seosan, Chungnam and Bongdong, Chonbuk province were surveyed in this experiment. The rhizome rot incidence rate of Seosan was lower than that of Bongdong. The average ginger product of former province was 1,140kg, whereas it's 818kg per 10a. in latter province. Treatment after disease incidence frequently used fungicide at Seosan. There were different soil physiological property between fields. Although Eunhari and Yulsori were belong to Bongdong province, incidence rate was low at Eunhari, contained 23% clay and high incidence rate at Yulsori, approximately contained 60% silt. Many soil chemical properties of cultivated area were belong to optimum concentration range, but phosphate(P) was higher than optimum concentration, 450-550ppm. The number of soil fungi in the middle of cultivated season tended to show the highest. Both bacteria and actinomyces` number was similar to the result of fungi. The bacteria/fungi ratio was greatly different between surveyed fields.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Type 1 diabetes mellitus commonly occurs in childhood and adolescence, although the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in these age groups is now being increased in the western world and Korea. Diabetic nephropathy developing in 15-25% of subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in similar or higher percentage of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Although prepubertal diabetic duration may contribute less to the development of microvascular complications than pubertal and postpubertal duration, diabetic nephropathy in susceptible patients almost certainly begins soon after disease onset and may accelerate during adolescence, leading to microalbuminuria or incipient DN. Type 1 diabetes is commonly associated with a period of hyperfiltration followed by the development of persistent microalbuminuria after as little as 7-10 years of type 1 diabetes. Microalbuminuria is associated with pathologic lesions that are so advanced as to overlap with those seen in patients with overt proteinuria and declining kidney function, therefore, microalbuminuria currently considered the best clinical indicator of overt diabetic nephropathy risk. This review covers the natural history and renal manifestations of diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.152-156
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• 2007

Incidences of leaf blight of lily cultivars Raizan and Casa Blanca in the open field cultivation were 50% and 45.4%, respectively, while those in the green house cultivation were significantly reduced to 1.5% and 1.9%, respectively, In the green house, the incidences of the disease in sprinkler watering cultivation were $14.5{\sim}16.5%$, while those in drip watering cultivation were only $1.5{\sim}2%$. Incidence of the disease was severe in the field where the lily was cultivated successively for 2 to 3 years. Isolation frequencies of B. elliptica from overwintered plant debrises such as leaves, stems, capsules, and bulbs were 43.3%, 46.7%, 60% and 0%, respectively, while those of B. cinerea were 10.3%, 0%, 3.3% and 0%, respectively, Incidence of leaf blight in the field where diseased plant debris was cleaned was 7.3%, while that in the field where diseased plant debris was not cleaned was 56.5%. Incidences of the disease in the field where coverages of soil surface with black vinyl, bark or rice straw were used were 6.6%, 8.2% and 11.3%, respectively, while that in the field where the coverage was not used was 21.3%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2012

The commercial product "pyto-patch" prepared as nano sized silver particle less than 5 nm, has effective antifungal activity against Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro. As a fungal growth inhibiton mechanism, it can reduce spore germination rate and mycelial growth. As s promising fungicide, Phyto-patch can control anthracnose effectively. The spore of C. gloeosporioides dipped in 5 ppm phyto-patch dilute suppressed germination rate to 13.2%, and mycelial growth stopped for 15 days at 10 ppm. The spore postinoculated on 10 ppm phyto-path smeared PDA surface could not germinate for 3 days and prohibit pathogen infection effectively. In field test, the anthracnose development of 4 ppm phyto-patch treated plot was less than 7% after 21 days compaired to 40% of it in untreated plot. In heavy rainfall season, pepper anthracnose effectivly contrrolled by regular 10 ppm phytopatch spraying every 7 days. The diseased pepper fruit decreased to 5.8% compaired to 94.6% in untreated plot. During drying period, the diseased pepper fruit havested in phyto-patch treated plot was 24.2%, but pepper fruit havested in untreated plot destroyed to 100% within 3 days. The nano silver particle coated on multching textile prevented late blight of pepper effectively and disease occurance delayed about month.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2010

Bacillus subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 obtained from phyllosphere of cucumber plants were selected for biological control of fungal air-borne diseases. For the downy mildew, diseased area of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 showed 0.5%, 20.2% and 42.0%, but that of control was 82.0% respectively, in cucumber seedling test. Incidence of powdery mildew by once application of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 was 2.8%, 3.6% and 12.3%, respectively, whereas that of control was 65.6%. On the gray mold, diseased area of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 was 8.0%, 30.8% and 5.2%, respectively, compared to 81.2% for the control. Therefore, B. subtilis B29 could be a prospective antagonist for biological control of powdery mildew, downy mildew and gray mold of cucumber plant.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.16
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• pp.84-95
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• 1998

Apple Marssonina blotch, caused by Diplocarpon mali, which has been increasing on apple trees and become one of the most serious diseases on apple trees in Korea since the begining of 1990's. In this study, ecology of Marssonina blotch including disease incidence and spore dispersals was surveyed from 1992 to 1995 in Kyungpook, and factors influencing the incidence of the disease were analyzed. Marssonina blotch began to occur on apple leaves in June and was observed commonly in most of apple orchards after August, and increased rapidly in September. The incidence of this disease was high at the year of low temperature and a lot of precipitation. The conidia discharge began to occur in May and continued to October, and the peak period of spore release was in August and usually more than 70% of total spore release of the year released from August to September. The incidence of the disease was high in the northern and mountain are as such as Yeongjoo, Chungsong, Andong, and relatively low in the southern areas such as Kunwi, Yongchon. Jonathan cultivar was the most susceptible to Marssonina blotch, and Jonagold, Sekaiichi was secondly susceptible and the next Fuji was more susceptible than Tsugaru. The incidence of the disease was relatively high in orchards which cultivation management of irrigation, drainage, air circulation, fertilization, and fungicide spraying were poor.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

Seasonal occurrence of strawberry anthracnose in greenhouses caused by Colletotrichum sp. was examined from 1997 through 1999 at three locations, Kyeongju, Goryeong, and Cheongdo in Kyungbuk province, Korea. Also some factors related to the anthracnose infection such as initial infection sites, inoculation methods, and soil nature were studied through in vitro and field experiments. The anthracnose disease begun to occur from 15 days after transplanting in early October, and continued but gradually decreased thereafter for 2 months until December, After transplanting, initial infection mainly occurred through the runner of which the tissue was more susceptible to the anthracnose than those of the leaf and petiole when the fungal mycelial disk was inoculated. Postplanting inoculation by irrigation with spore suspension was much more effective in inducing the anthracnose disease than preplanting soil mix. However without inoculation, no or little anthracnose occurred regardless of commercial, non-cultivated or diseased field soils when healthy seedlings were planted. This suggests that occurrence of strawberry anthracnose in fields may be related to contamination of plant propagules with the anthracnose pathogen.