• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.spc
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• pp.117-131
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• 2005

The present research integrated various theoretical perspectives of human unlawful behaviors in order to clarify the psychological mechanisms that underly the changes in compliance with and attitude toward law as time goes. Most well-known theories such as classical theory of crime, biosocial and evoluationary theories, and psychological perspectives including psycho-dynamic theory, personality, intellectual/moral development theories, and decision-making were discussed in their unique points in explaining human unlawful behaviors. Finally, social-learning theory and cognitive-dissonance theory has been suggested to explain the psychological mechanism of the phenomena in which people's attitude toward law and compliance with law become weaken through violation experiences of trivial lawful regulations. Especially, the logic of cognitive-dissonance theory (that people committed violation of trivial laws should experience dissonance with their original belief of compliance with law and negative arousal and try to remove the arousal by change their belief along with their behavior) were theoretically convincing to explain the phenomenon and supported by a series of experimental studies. Several practical implications for future constitutional and political activities were discussed in the basis of the cognitive dissonance theory.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1197-1206
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• 2023

To assess the risk level of a public restroom implemented in virtual reality, we sought to evaluate the spatial elements present in the restroom. To provide the theoretical foundation for the evaluation subjects and criteria, we introduced prior research that proposed a checklist to entance the safety of public restroom. To set up evaluation criteria, we analyzed and established based on the theories of Paul J. Brantingham and Patricia L. Brantingham, focusing on the interaction between space and criminals. Ronald V. Clarke's "Routine Activity Theory" was also introduced and incorporated into the evaluation approach. We analyzed based on the correlation between the criminal, user, and spatial elements of the public restroom in terms of the criminal's actions, the spatial relevance to crime, and user exposure during use. Using these criteria, we developed an algorithm to evaluate th spatial elements of public restroom. Based on this, we created an application, demonstrating the feasibility of developing on evaluation tool.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.59
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• pp.161-188
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• 2019

Not much is known about the factors of North Korean refugees willingness to report crime. Based on the survey of 800 North Korean refugees living in the metropolitan area of South Korea, this study examined the theoretical factors influencing North Korean refugees' willingness of reporting crime. Focusing on the legal cynicism, procedural justice, and the behavior of law theory, this research verified that procedural justice model is most important in explaining their willingness to report crime. Variables under procedural justice model(i.e., perceived fairness of the law, confidence in the law, and perceived necessity of the law) were significant in an expected direction. On the other hand, most of the hypotheses based on social conditions derived from the five types of stratification, morphology, culture, organization, and social control presented by Donald Black (1974) showed no significant effects on the intent to report crime among North Korean refugees. Implications for research and policies were discussed based on the findings.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.113-146
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• 2016

Criminal profiling is a effective and efficient measure for enhancing industrial security of casino business. Particularly, developing criminal profiling of deviant behaviors in casino will help security management to become more effective and efficient in practical ways. Unfortunately, however, there is lack of empirical profiling study in this regard. To fill the vacuum of literature on this topic, this study was purported to create offender profiles of different types of deviant behaviors in casino based on various theories and techniques in criminal profiling literature, such as investigative psychology, linkage analysis, and behavioral evidence analysis. To fulfill the purposes, this study collected behavioral evidence from 90 casino security officers in South Korea. Offenders' behavioral evidence was analyzed to develop offender profiles of seven different types of deviant behaviors, and then the profiles were compared with each profiles that security officers focus on to identify offenders during their work hours. Results showed that, first, there were unique profiles of each type of seven different categories of deviant behaviors in terms of offenders' ways of speaking and acting, their appearance and attitudes. In addition, this study found that there were some amount of gaps between actual offenders' profiles and profiles that security officers have in mind. Based on the results, this study provided policy implications in terms of managing casino industrial security, education and training for security officers, and future study on casino security.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.47-71
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• 2005

The unexpected increase of violent crimes in Korea urges people to look for more dynamic explanations of criminal behavior other than sociological eugenics such as a struggle between social classes or assimilation to deviant social environment. In this study, criminal behavior is treated as personal matter according to the tradition of psychological theories of crime rather than sociological phenomenon. Furthermore, aggression is supposed to be one of the most basic dispositional characteristics of violent acts. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between aggression measured by BPAQ and criminality evaluated based on seriousness of criminal offenses. On the other hand, the cross-validity of BPAQ was also investigated since prevalence and expressive forms of violence is known to vary across cultures and even within a society. The variance analyses and causal modeling presented that BPAQ had satisfactory level of cross-validity and dispositional aggression measured by BPAQ might have causal effect on criminality of Korean offenders. Additionally, a theoretical internal structure of BPAQ had been confirmed to be reasonable by confirmatory factor analyses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.256-262
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• 2016

A cyber crime has been evolving, as other crimes have. Beyond physical damages such as financial crimes in the cyber world, it has evolved into psychological forms like cyber-bullying. In today's crimes, measures that consider psychological effects of crimes are highly regarded in that fear of crime is considered as well as visible crimes. Accordingly, cyber bullying, which causes psychological damages, needs to be treated very importantly. Because the characteristics of cyber crime is caused by different circumstances from the real world, measures should be taken in different aspects. Rather than physical damages, which can be found in the conventional crimes, cyber crimes cause psychological damages, so the effect that has on inflicting should be specified. Especially, in the environment that virtual reality is ubiquitous through smart phones, it is very difficult to establish measures by considering all the causes of general cyber crimes. Therefore, this study estimated what affects cyber bullying by focusing on personalized faith factor among social bond theory, which can control cyber crimes. As a result, self-controling faith was verified to have a negative effect on cyber bullying, so faith is a very important factor in personalized environment. Thus, it is suggested that the characteristics of cyber space and education of humanism, which can affect individuals' faith should be emphasized.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.45-64
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• 2022

With the increasing use of social media, the occurrence of cyber crimes on social media has also increased. In this paper, we focus on online sexual harassment among various cyber crimes and discuss how social media users use social media to avoid online sexual harassment. Drawing on threat avoidance theory, the factors affecting avoidance motivation were identified. Avoidance motivation was measured based on the affordance of social media, and the influence of the degree of sexualization was tested to examine how environmental factors affect motivation behavior. The results indicated that the more users perceived sexualization on social media, the lower their motivation to avoid sexual harassment. Thus, it is important to create an atmosphere on social media where crime is minimized, and users are able to respond appropriately by continuously managing their accounts on these platforms.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.293-322
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• 2005

The culpability of a person, as determined by due process of law, for any of his actions that are defined as criminal. Determination of such responsibility is a legal function, not a psychiatric one, although a psychiatrist may be called upon to present evidence to the court in order to aid the judge or jury in reaching a decision as to responsibility. Determination of responsibility varies with the laws of the state in which the accused is being tried, but in general all states base their laws on three famous judicial decisions concerning criminal responsibility. 1. the M'Naghten(McNaughton) rule(a. to establish such a defense the accused, at the time the act was committed, must be shown to have been laboring under such defect of reason as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, b. if he did know it, he did or know that what he was doing was wrong). 2. the irresistible impulse test. 3. the Durham decision. Under the Durham test, however, the psychiatrist may give any relevant testmony concerning the mental illness at issue. The psychological and behavioral appearance of a person, in clinical psychiatry this term is commonly used to refer to the results of the mental examination of a patient. The written report of the mental status usually contains specific references to the following areas: I. Attitude and General Behavior (1)General health and appearance. (2)General habits of dress. (3)Personal habits. (4)General mood. (5)Use of leisure time. (6)Degree of sociability. (7)Speech. II. Attitude and Behavior during interview (1)Co-operativeness. (2)Poise. (3)Facial expression. (4)Motor activity. (5)Mental activity. (6)Emotional reactions. (7)Trend of thought. III. Sensorium, mental grasp, and capacity (1)Orientation. (2)Memory and retention. (3)Estimate of intelligence. (4)Abstraction ability. (5)Tests of absurdity, interpretation of proverbs. (6)Judgment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.197-234
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• 2009

Typological theories of offending postulate that childhood-onset delinquents have a high likelihood of being serious and chronic offenders and that there are a distinct set of risk factors predicting early-onset antisocial behaviors. It is useful to empirically classify children into subgroups based on their deviant behaviors because it helps us to identify unique factors associated with each subgroup. Using the first two waves of the Korean Youth Panel Survey, Elementary School Data, this study aimed(a) to empirically classify 5th graders into latent delinquent subgroups, and (b) to examine the impact of individual, familiar, school, and peer factors on the latent delinquent classes. Latent class analysis yielded three latent classes based on 15 indicators of deviant behaviors - delinquent class, low-level delinquent class, & normative class. The results from multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that being male, reporting low self-control, coming from poor family, high association with deviant peers, and being bullied increased the risk of being in the delinquent class. Moreover, low self-control, aggression, domestic violence, low level of attachment to teachers, and deviant peers independently increased the risk of being in the low-level delinquent class compared to the normative class. Based on the study findings, implications for practice as well as future studies were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.207-221
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• 2022

The shortcomings of the previous Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) theory in practice have led to the limitations of the conventional crime prevention design process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the graftability of the third generation CPTED theoretical framework and the Double Diamond design process from a design perspective. Thus, the third generation CPTED visualization design process is proposed to be grafted with the Double Diamond design process. In the study, the propositions, goals, strategic approaches, and liveability principles of the third-generation theoretical framework are clarified according to the relevant studies by scholars. In addition, the study identifies the limitations of conventional crime prevention design processes in terms of practicality and effectiveness, based on corrections from research in different scientific fields. On this basis, the Framework of Innovation of the British Design Council was used to clarify the benchmarks and foundations for the grafting of the third-generation theoretical framework and the Double Diamond design process. In addition, the details of the grafting are analyzed and explained in terms of phase outputs and phase activities. The significance of the study is that the third-generation CPTED visualization design process, which is grafted to the Double Diamond design process, can help residents to implement behaviors that reflect their self-worth and create a state of engagement. As well, it can inform the collaboration between design and non-design staff in CPTED projects.