• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.523-523
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• 2023

하천의 특성에 따라 활착하는 식생 및 형태는 다르며, 이러한 식생분포 특성은 다시 하천 수위와 유속 등에 영향을 미친다. 이처럼 식생과 하천의 상호작용을 이해하고, 이를 하천환경을 개선하는 하천관리를 위한 정보로 도출하기 위해서는 하천에 서식하는 식생에 대한 기초 정보를 수집하고 종합할 필요가 있다. 최근 기후변화와 강수 특성의 변화로 인해 국내 하천에서는 하천 규모와 위치에 관계없이 하도내 식생이 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 하천 내 식생의 활착은 흐름저항에 영향을 줄 수 있고 이는 홍수 발생시 통수능의 감소로 인해 결과적으로 홍수 피해를 유발할 수 있다. 특히 수목 식생이 패치나 군락의 형태로 하천에 존재할 경우 적은 양으로도 흐름저항을 증가시켜 홍수피해 규모가 커질 수 있다. 따라서 식생이 흐름저항에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 국내 하천에 서식하는 수변식생의 종별 특성과 패치와 군락 형태의 물리적 특성 등을 이해할 필요가 있다. 국내 하천에서는 패치나 군락 형태로 서식하는 수목 식생 중 버드나무가 우점하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국 하천에 분포하는 버드나무속 식생을 중심으로 입지 환경 및 군집 분포에 대해 조사하고 하천과 식생의 관계를 분석한 문헌들을 중심으로 그 결과들을 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 하천 수변에 서식하는 버드나무 5종(왕버들, 선버들, 갯버들, 키버들, 버드나무)의 수목별 특성과 버드나무속의 특징, 연도별 하천별 버드나무 데이터를 제시하였다. 버드나무속은 종에 따라 개화기, 결실기, 수고 등에서 차이를 보였으나 대체로 저수로 호안과 범람원에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 물환경정보시스템의 수변식생 자료(2014년부터 2021년, 2015년 제외)에 따르면 환삼덩굴, 쑥, 달뿌리풀이 매년 80% 이상의 출현률을 보이며 가장 상위에 존재하였으며, 버드나무속 식생 중에서는 버드나무(Salix koreensis)가 매년 60% 이상의 출현률로 가장 드넓게 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.957-967
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• 2013

High turbidity submersion due to torrential downpour is one of the factors that influences the plant growth. This study is focused on analyzing the plant's growth rate for Salix species such as gracilisyla, koreensis, glandulosa when these trees are waterlogged. The length of shoots for this control group in the natural state is 33.4% (gracilisyla), 24.3% (koreensis), 23.9% (glandulosa), however, they stopped growing in submersion. Compared to the leaf number of Salix species of this control group in the natural state, 144.5% (gracilisyla), 77.3% (koreensis), 40.3% (glandulosa) in the natural state 30 days, in 30 days submersion, the number of leaves is zero except koreensis. In the results of this experiment, Salix species stopped growing quickly when submersed. This study concludes that it is necessary to plant eco-friendly plants around the slope of the reservoir and dam where flooding takes place frequently.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1130-1134
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• 2007

콘크리트 호안블럭으로 처리된 하천의 제방 단면에 드릴로 구멍을 낸 후 하천변에 전형적으로 생육하는 갯버들과 버드나무를 도입하며 부분적 복원을 실행한 후 그 효과를 외래종 억제 측면에서 검토하였다. 복원 후 4년 경과 후 버드나무의 높이는 4cm 이상으로 자랐으나 갯버들의 높이는 2m 이내로 낮았다. 버드나무가 식재된 부분에서 외래종인 단풍잎돼지풀의 식피율은 5% 이내로 낮았으나 갯버들이 식재된 지소에서는 20%수준을 유지하였다. 복원된 지소와 미복원 지소에서 수집된 식생자료를 서열법으로 처리한 결과, 양지소는 서로 분리되어 서로 다른 종 조성을 유지하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 갯버들, 버드나무 및 단풍잎돼지풀의 지소별 출현 현황을 비교한 결과, 버드나무와 단풍잎돼지풀은 서로 대조적인 출현 추세를 보였지만 갯버들과 단풍잎돼지풀의 출현 현황은 그러한 경향이 약했다. 종 다양성은 이러한 결과로부터 하천복원에서 큰키나무 도입의 필요성을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2014

The vegetation composition for river restoration requires the introduction of plants which have strong flooding tolerance. A study of the growth characteristics of river plants according to the period of flooding is essential. Accordingly, this study measured shoots, leaf number, leaf greenness, dry weight of the plants of Salix species, analyzed their growth rate according to flooding tolerance and the period of flooding, and contrasted the results with those of a flooding experiment in turbid water. The results of this experiment showed that Koreensis is the plant which has the strongest flooding tolerance and flooding in fresh water leads to a much lower risk of the plants being withered than in high turbid water. In addition, the results showed that the condition of the period of flooding of twenty days and under contributes to more growth and development of the plants of Salix species than the condition of non-flooding.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

We measured net primary productivity, annual accumulation of organic carbon and leaf decomposition of Salix community in the flood plain of the Han River and the Nakdong River. Net primary productivity, annual accumulation of organic carbon of the Salix community were 22.5ton/ha/yr(16.7ton/ha/yr-31.2ton/ha/yr) and 9.7ton C/ha/yr(7.5ton C/ha/yr-14.0ton C/ha/yr) respectively, which showed the highest values among the woody plant communities reported in the Korea. It means that planting Salix in the flood plain of the river is the best way to remove carbon dioxides. The faster leaf decomposition occurred around, under and the herb of Salix community in order. Leaf decomposition rate of Salix was higher than that of mesophytes, but lower than that of hydrophytes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1984

These studies were carried out to identify anatomical characteristics of ray parenchyma of xylem tissue of trunk in 6 species of Populus and 5 species of Salix which were grown in Korea. The results of these experiments were summarized as follows: In the type of ray parenchyma, Populus had uniseriate homogeneous ray tissue and Sahx had uniseriate heterogeneous ray tissue. Upright ray cells among uniseriate heterogeneous ray tissue in Salix were subdivided into rectangular type and square type. The minimum and maximum length of procumbent ray cells of Populus ranged $26.84-212.28{\mu}$ and those of Salix were $46.36-170.80{\mu}$. However rectangular type of upright ray cell n Salix were $26.84-70.76{\mu}$ and square type were $17.08-43.92{\mu}$. The minimum and maximum width of procumbent ray cells of Populus ranged $12.20-24.40{\mu}$ but those of Salix were $12.20-26.84{\mu}$. However, rectangular type of upright ray cell in Salix were $9.76-41.48{\mu}$ and square type were $19.52-46.36{\mu}$. The height of ray parenchyma of Populus in tangential section ranged $65.88-414.80{\mu}$ but Salix were $65.88-439.20{\mu}$. Ray parenchyma width of Populus ranged $4.88-24.40{\mu}$ but those of Salix were $7.32-21.96{\mu}$. The number of ray parenchyma cells of Populus in tangential section were 3-26 cell, but Salix were 2-21 cells.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2000

The population dynamics of Salix nipponica and S. koreensis and the sediment factors were investigated in the wetland of the Nam-River. Chinju. Gyongsangnam-do, Korea. Each population of S. nipponica and S. koreensis was divided into four stages during the riverbed sedimentation: the first stage of establishment by S. nipponica, the second stage of coexistence by S, nipponica and S. koreensis, the third stage of dominated by S. koreensis, while S. nipponica was decreased during the increase of the water table in the sediment, and the fourth stage of the climax by S. koreensis, while S. nipponica almost died when the water table was twice to the third stage. Tree height, age, and density of S. nipponica were decreased, while S. koreensis increased along the sedimentation. And the composition of understory species showed no differences in each stage. The water table and the clay content affected on the distribution of Salix spp. in each stage, according to the PCA. The water table and the clay content increased during the sedimentation, while the other factors were almost the same.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2007

Distribution area, actual vegetation map, standing crop biomass, relative growth, and primary productivity of Salix spp.were investigated to provide the basic data necessary for conservation and ecotechnological application of Salix community in the Upo wetland, Changryeong County, Gyeongsangnamdo Province, Korea from April 2005 to April 2006. 1. Among seven Salix species, the dominant species was S. nipponica and S. glandulosa was subdominant. There were six kinds of Salix communities such as S. nipponica, S. glandulosa, S. koreensis, S. nipponica-S. glandulosa, S. glandulosa-S. nipponica, and S. nipponica-S. koreensis. 2. Distribution area of S. nipponica community was largest as 28.46 ha among Salix communities and those of S. nipponica-S. glandulosa community, S. glandulosa-S. nipponica community, S. nipponica-S. koreensis community, S. glandulosa community, and S. koreensis community were 6.12 ha, 6.12 ha, 2.92 ha, 1.86 ha, and 0.81 ha, respectively. 3. The tree age, tree height, and DBH of S. nipponica were 5~13year, 4.1~7.2 m, and 3.0~14.0 cm and those of S. glandulosa were 2~36year, 3.5~10.1 m, and 3.2~26.0 cm, respectively. 4. The standing crop of S. nipponica was 408 ton and that of S. glandulosa was 336 ton in the study area. 5. The productivity of S. nipponica was $235g\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ and the annual production was 86.4 ton, and those of S. glandulosa were $1,006g\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ and 80.3 ton in the study area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2001

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution pattern of Salicaceae species which are considered as obligatory riparian vegetation, and also the correspondence between their distribution and the environment factors. Eighty-three study sites by stratified sampling were selected from the upstream to the downstream of An-sung stream. Vegetation factors such as coverage by species, disturbance, etc., and environmental factors including microtopography, soil properties, etc., measured and analyzed. Salicaceae species were identified as total 2 genera, 11 species through all study area, and the average occurring species were 2.8 species.5. koreensis among other species showed highest occurring frequency at An-sung streams, and also it was distributed widely through study area. S. gracizistyla was mainly fecund at upstream sites, where sandy soil texture and high longitudinal slope were developed. S. purpurea vats. japonica was mostly observed in the sandy soil, the same as S. gracilistytu and however, was not dominant but rather mixed with S. gracitistyta and S. koreensis. On the other hand, distribution of S. glandulosa were closely related with littoral zone of the lake and the lower sea level with sandy loam and loamy sand Boils of high organic matter content. Under CCA, canonical correspondence analysis, distribution of Saticaceae species was positively correlated with environmental gradients such as soil properties along to topography.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.118-141
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• 2024

This study investigates and analyzes ancient literature records and iconographic materials to examine the Willow Tree Fence(樹柵) built on Gasan(假山) Cheonggyecheon(淸溪川) within the Hanyangdoseong, which was deliberately created to prevent flood damage during the Joseon Dynasty. Although there have been research cases related to the willow tree, it is difficult to find research conducted with the purpose of identifying its archetypal value by investigating and analyzing specific use cases of the willow tree and its historical background. Accordingly, this study aims to identify examples of the Willow Tree Fence(樹柵) created in Cheonggyecheon(淸溪川) during the Joseon Dynasty and reinterpret their value by illuminating the background of construction and regional characteristics. The main contents of this study are as follows. It is presumed that floods during the Joseon Dynasty were a great hazard. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, Joseon suffered severe damage from floods. By the time of King Yeongjo, all Four Mountains(四山) of the capital had become bare mountains, which was the cause of frequent floods. In the year of Gyeongjin(庚辰, the 26th year of King Yeongjo's reign, 1760), King Yeongjo dredged the channel bottom of Cheonggyecheon(淸溪川), which overflowed every rainy season, with the Juncheon Project(Channel-Dredging, 濬川事業) and planted willow trees on the mountain on both sides of the Ogan Water Gate(五間水門), as measures to prevent flood damage and soil loss. was implemented. In the <Doseongdo(都城圖)> in 《 Gwangyeodo(廣輿圖)》 produced in the mid-18th century during the reign of King Yeongjo, Gasan(假山), built in front of the Ogan Water Gate(五間水門) is visible, and in the record 『Sinjeung Donggukyeoji Seungnam(新增東國輿地勝)』 In the record, it appears that willows were planted on both sides of the mountain in the year of Gyeongjin(1760). With <Hanyangdoseong Map(漢陽都城圖)> produced in the 46th year of King Yeongjo's reign(1770), it is confirmed that willow trees formed a thick forest on Gasan Mountain near the Ogan Water Gate(五間水門) in the late 18th century. In addition, the Juncheon Project(Channel-Dredging, 濬川事業) and the creation of the Willow Tree Fence(樹柵) continued from the 15th century, the early Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮前期), to the end of the 19th century, the late Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮後期), through the records of ancient literature such as 『Annals of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)』, 『Seungjeongwon Diary(承政院日記)』, and 『Records of Daily Reflections(日省錄)』. This study is meaningful in informing that the willow tree was a unique cultural heritage and traditional landscape resource by investigating the composition and use of the Willow Tree Fence in the Joseon Dynasty, which was a great basis for preventing floods and flood damage, as well as forming a beautiful landscape.