• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

Objectives : Evidence regarding the association between untreated depression in adolescence and suicidal risk in male young adults is scarce. We aimed to assess the effect of untreated illness during adolescence on the suicidal risk and attempt after that first episode. Methods : As part of a cross-sectional study, between May 2017 and April 2018, a total of 260 patients with currently unipolar or bipolar depression were included in the final analysis. Multiple linear and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between untreated mood disorder in adolescence and its effect on the suicidal risk and attempt. Results : In total 260 patients, 189 were classified as untreated group. The proportion of suicide attempts, total depression score, suicidal risk and number of suicide attempts were significantly higher in the untreated group. The most predictive factors of suicide attempts were history of untreated depression [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=4.19, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=2.25-7.81, p<0.001] and diagnosis of bipolar depression (AOR=2.60, 95% CI=1.52-4.46, p<0.001). Conclusions : Although the untreated depression suggests higher rates of suicidality, a significant proportion (86.7%) of adolescent depression in this study did not receive psychiatric treatment. Future research should be needed to find better ways to decrease barriers in using mental health treatment and its contribution to reduction and prevention of adverse outcome.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.539-553
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• 2017

We propose a multi-state model to analyze semi-competing risks data with interval-censored or missing intermediate events. This model is an extension of the three states of the illness-death model: healthy, disease, and dead. The 'diseased' state can be considered as the intermediate event. Two more states are added into the illness-death model to incorporate the missing events, which are caused by a loss of follow-up before the end of a study. One of them is a state of the lost-to-follow-up (LTF), and the other is an unobservable state that represents an intermediate event experienced after the occurrence of LTF. Given covariates, we employ the Lin and Ying additive hazards model with log-normal frailty and construct a conditional likelihood to estimate transition intensities between states in the multi-state model. A marginalization of the full likelihood is completed using adaptive importance sampling, and the optimal solution of the regression parameters is achieved through an iterative quasi-Newton algorithm. Simulation studies are performed to investigate the finite-sample performance of the proposed estimation method in terms of empirical coverage probability of true regression parameters. Our proposed method is also illustrated with a dataset adapted from Helmer et al. (2001).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.558-571
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the dietary intake of Korean adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) to determine whether the risk of developing AD was related to their diet. Methods: Among the participants in the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2016 to 2018), 10,571 adults aged 19-64 were divided into AD (AD group, n = 366) and control groups (non-AD group, n = 10,205) to compare and analyze their nutrient intake status and Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) score. Depending on the prevalence of AD, the nutrient intake, nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal, acceptable macronutrient distribution range, and KHEI score were tested for significance by correcting for age, sex, body mass index, education, marriage, occupation, residence area, physical activity, and energy intake variables that were derived for confounding factors. Results: The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for protein was lower in the AD group than in the non-AD group. Comparing the nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal, the intakes of protein, phosphorus, iron, and potassium of the AD group were significantly lower than those of the non-AD group. In the KHEI, the scores of total vegetables, vegetables excluding kimchi and pickles, meat, fish, eggs, and legumes of the AD group were significantly lower than those of the non-AD group. In addition, as these food intake scores increased, the risk of AD significantly decreased. Conclusion: In conclusion, adult AD patients had low intakes of vegetables, meat, fish, eggs, and legumes, and it was confirmed that high intakes of these foods may be associated with low AD risk. Therefore, we suggest that an adequate intake of vegetables and foods containing protein would be necessary for the management and treatment of AD in adults.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 2012

The purpose of this case-control study is to investigate the relationship between storke and stroke risk factors, such as family history and past history. The case-control study over clinical data registered from Daejeon Oriental Medical Hospital in the period of November 2006 to July 2010. Study subjects consisted of 108 patients with acute stroke within 1 month as the case group (Cases) and 108 people who visited hospital for health care as the genreral control group (Controls). The participants had been interviewed by residents to find out their family history and past history. Their blood was taken to check the blood lipid level and liver function. 1. The people whose family history included cerebrovascular accident had more probability of stroke than the people who did not have cerebral vascular accident as their family history. 2. The people who suffered from hypertension had more probability of stroke than the people who did not suffer from hypertension. 3. The people who suffered from diabetes mellitus had more probability of stroke than the people who did not suffer from diabetes mellitus. Based on this study, the people who had cerebral vascular accident as their family history should thoroughly treat their blood pressure and blood sugar level to prevent the cerebral vascular accident.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2015

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is mainly characterized by disease of joints affected with synovial hyperplasia, pathological immune response, and progressive destruction; all of which represent an important social health problem. These provide new insights in its pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis and disease progression in molecular changes. This review focuses on new serological and immunological markers which seem to be useful in early diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, such tests are widely conducted for serological biomarkers and the developments with such immunological factors to identify patients who are at risk for disease progression. This evidence of the disease based on laboratory medicine could provide the best outcome for patients. Finally, data from recent studies will help to refine the ultimate usefulness of this novel approach for early diagnosis, treatment, and helping clinicians to optimize therapy by using this approach.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

Foodborne diseases (FBD) pose significant public health problems and economic losses worldwide. In recent years, emerging foodborne diseases have resulted mainly from novel bacteria, viruses, protozoa, mycotoxins, prions in animal and plant sources. The consumption of unsafe food contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical agents or naturally occurring toxins results in high morbidity and mortality. However, estimating the incidence and burden of FBD is a huge global challenge due to the difficulty in food source attribution to specific pathogenic or chemical hazards, underreported cases, diagnosing how infections are transmitted or when a person is infected are not well understood and thus makes the control of FBD very challenging. Therefore, implementing comprehensive food safety strategies and policies, enhancing surveillance, ensuring resilient health system, and intensifying education and training to ensure safe food and prevent foodborne diseases is everybody's responsibility.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2021

With the recent development of IT technology, research and interest in various bio-signal measuring devices are increasing. But studies related to ECG(electrocardiogram), which is one of the most representative bio-signals, particularly arrhythmic signal detection, are incomplete. Since arrhythmia has various causes and has a poor prognosis after onset, preventive treatment through early diagnosis is best. However, the 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram, a tool for diagnosing arrhythmia, has disadvantages in the limitation of use time, difficulty in analyzing motion artifact due to daily life, and the user's real-time alarm function in danger. In this study, an ECG and pulse monitoring device capable of continuous measurement for a long time, a real-time monitoring app, and software for analysis were developed, and the trend of the measured values was confirmed. In future studies, research on derivation of quantitative results of ECG signal measurement analysis is required, and further research on the development of an arrhythmic signal detection algorithm based on this is required.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.126-147
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• 1994

Lyme 질환은 미국 코넷티컷주의 라임지방에서 관절염증상을 보이는 소아과환자에게서 1975년 처음 발견되었다, 사슴, 누루, 개 등에 기생하는 진드기에 의해 전염되며, 발병초기에는 감기증상을 수반한 황소의 눈과 비슷한 붉은 반점이 생긴다. 적기에 치료하지 않으면, 관절염, 심장질환, 안면신경마비 등으로 악화될 수 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 두가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 먼저, 진단초기의 Lyme질환과 관련된 의료 및 기타 경제적 비용을 저렴하게 계측할 수 있는 방법론을 개발하고 그 유효성을 검증하는 것이다. 둘째로 lyme질환의 비용에 대한 여러종류의 총괄적 계측치를 제공하고 발병의 위험요인을 색출하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 차트분석이나 임상연구 등 고가의 비용이 수반되는 분석기법 대신에 Lyme질환 다발지역에 대한 설문조사를 실시하고 그 유효성을 재설문조사를 통해서 검증하는 방법을 사용하였다. 자료분석상의 난점은 조사대상자마다 응답하지 않은 항목(Missing Value)이 다르기 때문에, 총 비용을 계산할 때 모든 항목에 응답한 조사대상자만을 사용한다면 표본의 크기가 너무 작아지는 것이었다. 이에 대한 대안으로 총비용 및 부분별 비용의 합을 계산할 때 표본의 일부가 응답하지 않은 항목에 대해서는 그 항목에 응답한 나머지 조사대상자의 응답치 평균을 대체하는 방법을 사용하였다. 통계적 분석결과, 질환의 증상시작부터 설문조사시기까지 Lyme질환과 관련된 사회적 총비용은 US$ 6400으로 추정되었다. 이중에 200가량은 환자의 보호자와 관련된 비용이고 나머지는 환자와 관련되 것이다. 총의료비용의 평균은 계산방법에 따라서 US$ 3000-4200의 범위를 보였다. 응답되지 않은 항목을 해당항목에 대한 응답치평균으로 대체하였을 때 총의료비평균은 US$ 4108이었다. 시간비용을 생산성손실에 대한 사회적 가치와 실제임금 손실의 두가지 방법에 의해 계산되었다. 실제임금손실은 생산손실의 사회적 가치의 약 30%에 불과하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 의료비용 및 비용과 생산성손실에 대한 정보가 지역보건담당자에 의한 전화설문조사에 의해 경제적이고도 일관성 있게 수집될 수 있다는 근거로 해석될 수 있다.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.96-100
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• 2019

The present study analyzed all of exotic malaria (EM) cases reported in the Republic of Korea (Korea) and Japan from 2015 to 2017 to assess the trends of incidence overtime to review the risk factors for travelers visiting malaria-endemic countries. We investigated 162 cases of EM in Korea with a cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of 0.105 per 100,000 populations nationwide and the CIR of the oversea travelers was 0.238 per 100,000 travelers, respectively. During the same period in Japan, 152 cases of EM in nationwide with a CIR of 0.041 and in the oversea travelers with a CIR of 0.297 were observed. When compared, the CIR of EM in nationwide was much higher than that in Japan (P<0.01), but a CIR of imported by travelers in Korea was lower than that in Japan (P<0.01).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.644-652
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• 2007

In this study, we examined family history of chronic diseases, food group intake and physical activity in $5^{th}\;and\; 6^{th}$ grade elementary school children. Food group intake was compared with the KDRI food guides for children. The measurements of daily physical activity, television viewing, computer use, and daily servings of five food groups, including grains, meats, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables, were based on child and parent self-reports. As indices of obesity, the obesity index(%) and BMI(Body Mass Index) were used. The results were as follows. In boys, 83.2% were normal weight with 7.4% slightly obese, 7.4% moderately obese, and 2.0 were highly obese while the percentages of normal and slightly obese in girls were 89.9% and 6.2% respectively (p<0.05). The boys had more hours of daily physical activity(p<0.05) and more hours of computer usage(Internet searching or games)(p<0.05) than the girls. Slightly over 50% of the subjects met the daily recommended servings of grains, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables according to the KDRI food guides. However, only 26% of boys and 27% of girls met the recommended daily servings of protein foods such as meats, beans, and eggs. Thirty two percent(32%) of girls consumed high fat snacks everyday while 32% consumed high sugar snacks every day. The girls consumed more vegetables(p<0.05) and more high sugar snacks(p<0.05) than the boys. The children with family histories of obesity showed greater obesity rates(p<0.05) and sedentary lifestyles(p< 0.05) than those children without a family history of obesity. Children with family histories of high blood pressure consumed more sewings of vegetables and high fat snacks than the controls(p<0.05). The children with family histories of obesity consumed more high sugar or high fat snacks than the controls(p<0.05).