• Nuclear industry
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• v.8 no.9 s.67
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• pp.17-27
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• 1988

최근 일본의 원자력 비판운동은 이방원전의 부하추종운전시험 반대를 계기로 새로운 전개를 보이고 있는데, 이 반대움직임은 선동적인 내용으로 원자력발전에 대한 반대감정을 자극한 광뢰 륭씨 저 ${\ulcorner}$위험한 이야기${\lrcorner}$에 의해서 시작되었다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이 책의 내용에는 과학적인 지식을 잘못 인식한 주장과 신문기사 및 논문의 인용에 모순과 의문이 많으며, 또한 불확실한 정보에 근거를 둔 내용도 많다. 따라서 일본원자력문화진흥재단에서는 이러한 부분을 분석정리하여 ${\ulcorner}'$위험한 이야기'의 오인${\lrcorner}$이란 자료를 발간하였다. 다음은 이 자료를 요약한 것이다.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.112-113
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• 2009

정부가 자조금관련 제도의 대대적 변화를 예고하고 관련법 개정을 위한 절차에 들어갔지만 축산단체들의 반대가 심상치 않은 상황이다. 정부가 추진 중인 자조금 제도 개선 방향은 현재 축산단체가 중심이 되어 운영 중인 자조금을 돈을 내는 축산업자 중심으로 개선하자는 것과 관리위원회에 전문가들을 더 많이 포진시키고 사무국도 법인화해 전문경영인 체제로 가자는 것이 정부의 로드맵이다. 하지만 정부의 이 같은 방침에 축산단체들은 반대 입장을 나타내고 있으며 최소한 의무자조금이 정착된 이후에도 도입하자며 유보입장을 나타내고 있다. 의무자조금 출범 4년 만에 대두된 법 개정을 통한 대대적인 수술 문제점은 없는지 한번 짚어본다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.4 s.87
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• pp.439-445
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to compare the dento-skeletal characteristics between functional and skeletal anterior cross-bite patients. Twenty-eight functional anterior cross-bite patients and thirty-one skeletal anterior cross-bite patients were selected as a test and a control group. Mean ages of the test and the control group were $9.6{\pm}1.8$ and $9.9{\pm}1.9$, respectively. Lateral cephalograms were taken. Forty-nine cephalometric variables were measured and statistical analysis was performed to find the morphological differences between the groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the cephalometric variables of cranial deflection, maxillary depth, ANB, convexity, NPo-AB, APDI, Mx 1-SN, Mx 1-NA angle, Mx 1-NA, Md 1-NB angle and Md 1-NB. The test group showed more Class III growth potential, more protruded maxilla, lesser maxillo-mandibular difference, more uprighted and retruded maxillary central incisor, more labially tipped and protruded mandibular central incisor.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2010

It was easy to find that children of a skeletal anterior crossbite in the early mixed dentition period showed a stark difference in the dental maturity between their maxillary and mandibular teeth, if they have stronger physical characteristics. If the difference of dental age between maxillary and mandibular teeth which can be identified via panoramic radiographs may serve as an early sign of class III malocclusion, this is considered valuable as a tool of early detection diagnosis. We obtained lateral cephalometric radiographs, panoramic radiographs, working model and clinical images of patients of Hellman dental age IIA and IIC who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, Pusan National University Dental Hospital and examined them to select 50 patents for normal occlusion group and skeletal anterior crossbite group, respectively. Their panoramic radiographs were used for the Demirjian's method to figure out dental ages of maxillary and mandibular teeth of each group and the eruption rate of the first molars. Their differences are as follows: 1. In both groups, the dental ages from Demirjian's method were advanced than the chronological ages. No sexual dimorphism was detected for the chronological or dental age in either group (p>0.05). 2. The difference of dental age of maxillary and mandibular teeth between the normal occlusion group and crossbite group was 0.22 and 0.69 years, respectively, with a higher difference in crossbite group(p<0.05). 3. Compared to the normal occlusion group, the crossbite group showed a higher difference in the eruption rate between maxillary and mandibular first molar(p<0.05).

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.54
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• pp.103-124
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• 2014

서명응의 "중용경위"는 '심은 태극이자 중이며, 또 "하도"의 중궁'이라는 선천학의 심법을 제시한다는 점에서 기존의 "중용"해석과 차이를 보인다. 다른 특징으로는 "중용경위"의 구성 체제가 독창적이라는 점이다. 더불어 이러한 체제와 그 내용이 "하도"와 긴밀히 연결된다는 점이다. 서명응은 "중용"의 구조와 서술방식이 선후천의 법상에 따라 서술된 것으로 본다. 이를 입증하기 위해 서명응은 통행본 "중용"의 33장 체제를 32장으로 재구성한다. 그리고 그는 이 총 32장의 전체 구성이 '태극-양의-사상'으로 전개되는 "선천도"의 구조와 같고, 개별 장들이 서로 '대대' 관계로 되어 있는 구조는 선천의 '대대' 구조와 같으며, 각 장 안의 문장에서 구와 절들이 '반대' 관계로 되어 있는 것은 후천의 '반대' 구조와 같다고 본다. 서명응이 제시한 이러한 선천의 구조는 결국 "하도"로부터 연역되어 나온 것이다. 또 그 안에 담긴 심으로 천명의 중을 체인하는 사상이 "하도"와 연결된다고 파악한다.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2 s.345
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• pp.26-28
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• 1998

인간 복제시대가 오면 이 세상은 어떻게 될까. 필요에 따라 전투병력이나 노동자를 대량 복제한다면 우리 지구촌은 공상과학소설처럼 새로운 세상이 펼쳐질 것이다. 그래서 미국 클린턴대통령은 인간복제를 5년간 금지하는 법안을 의회에 제출하는가 하면 7백여개의 연구소, 학술기관이 반대하고 있으며 서방 7개국 정상들도 반대하고 나섰다. 앞으로 펼쳐질 인간복제의 문제점과 현황을 살펴본다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

In case of treating the functional type of anterior cross bite, removing the cause in early stage prevents from turning to skeletal type, leads to perform normal function, and has improved facial appearance. Functional Regulator III (FR III), one kind of the Functional regulator(FR)s suggested by R$\ddot{o}$lf Fr$\ddot{a}$nkel in 1966, applied to patients with the functional and skeletal anterior crossbite in early mixed, and permanent dentition. This appliance improves unbalanced power condition by blocking abnormal muscle-power effect, so that normal growth can be expected. In this case report, favorable results were obtained by selecting clinical cases of children in their early mixed dentition with functional cross bite. 1. FR IIIs were applied to patients with anterior crossbite for 5~6 months. Anterior crossbite patients were corrected favorably, nevertheless they didn't show any horizontal skeletal-changes by buccal shields. 2. Normal occlusion and esthetic facial contour were achieved from dental movement of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth while the mandible rotates to posterior and inferior direction.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.357-366
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• 2008

Posterior cross-bite is a relatively frequent malocclusion in primary and early mixed dentition and the reported prevalence of posterior cross-bite varies from 7% to 23%. It has been defined as a transverse discrepancy in arch relationship which the palatal cusp of the upper posterior teeth do not occlude in the central fossa of the opposing lower teeth, and can be manifested in a single tooth or in a group of teeth. Posterior cross-bite does not often self-correct and therefore immediate treatment is recommended. Occlusal adjustment to eliminate premature contact that causes mandibular deviation, expansion of narrow maxillary arch, arrangement of the individual teeth to treat asymmetry within the dental arch are the methods of treating cross-bite. In the present case, functional posterior cross-bite was observed in the primary and the early mixed dentition children. The children were treated by the slow maxillary expansion and occlusal adjustment. The outcome of periodic examinations after the correction of cross-bite was favorable.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.194-202
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• 2007

It is known that pediatric inguinal hernia is caused by the incomplete closure of processus vaginalis (PV). In the case of unilateral hernia, possibile contralateral patent PV should be considered because of its delayed appearance as well as its risk of incarceration. Direct visualization of patent PV could be done by contralateral exploration or by indirect exploration through the ipsilateral opening site of the affected hernia assisted with laparoscope. A patient group (321 persons) to whom laparoscopy was not performed from March 2000 to March 2003 was analyzed and compared with a patient group (280 persons) to whom laparoscopy was performed from April 2003 to September 2005. With all 601 patients, the sex ratio (male/female) of patients was 3.8:1. The side distribution was 57.7% in the right, 32.1% in the left and 10.1% in bilateral. There was no difference of sex and side distribution between before and after laparosopy adoption. We did not find an age correlation in natural closure of the residual PV of the peritoneum. Contralateral hernia developed in 14 persons (2.5%) after the operation of unilateral inguinal hernia before laparoscope adoption. But no contralateral hernia developed after April 2003 with laparoscopy. We think that if we use laparoscopy, being a safe and accurate method, to check whether the contralateral residual PV is opened or closed, possible future contralateral operation can be avoided.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1010-1017
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• 1999

불완전한 계획 영역 이론은 오류 영역(noisy domain)에서 하나의 상태에 상반된 연산자들이 적용되는 불일치성 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문은 상태를 기술하기 위해 다치 논리를 도입하여 제어지식으로서의 부정적 선행조건을 학습하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 기계에는 알려지지 않은 이러한 제어지식이 인간에게는 반대개념으로 잠재적으로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 잠재된 개념을 학습하기 위해 본 논문은 반대 연산자들로 구성된 사이클을 영역이론으로부터 기계적으로 생성하고, 이 연산자들에 대한 실험을 통해 반대 리터럴(literal)들을 추출한다. 학습된 규칙은 불일치성을 방지하면서 동시에 중복된 선행조건을 제거하여 연산자를 단순화시킬 수 있다.Abstract An incomplete planning domain theory can cause an inconsistency problem in a noisy domain, allowing two opposite operators to be applied to a state. To solve the problem, we present a novel method to learn a negative precondition as control knowledge by introducing a three-valued logic for state description. However, even though the control knowledge is unknown to a machine, it is implicitly known as opposite concept to a human. To learn the implicit concept, we mechanically generate a cycle composed of opposite operators from a domain theory and extract opposite literals through experimenting the operators. A learned rule can simplify the operator by removing a redundant precondition while preventing inconsistency.