• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.551-557
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• 2024

Early childhood cultural and artistic education is a process of expressing oneself and understanding society, which has a great impact on the lives of young children. It utilizes the principle of individualization, which means that individual diversity should be considered because each toddler has different developmental characteristics; the principle of play-centeredness, which means that toddlers form active attitudes toward experiential activities through enjoyment through play; the principle of integration, which is the foundation for holistic development; and the principle of direct experience, which means that toddlers have the experience of touching and manipulating materials. In the introduction, children are encouraged to explore and think about materials, read and share books together, and express their thoughts creatively through artistic expressions such as art, music, physical expression, drama, movies, and photography in the first and second phases. In the final stage, a teaching and learning plan was developed that consisted of a circle time for the children to share their opinions with each other in the process of appreciating the results created by the children and presenting their thoughts. As the educational effectiveness of early childhood cultural arts education is best developed in the early childhood period, when learning is emphasized by children exploring according to their interests, this study presented a learning guidance plan that reflects various educational methods and genre convergence education that can be applied to early childhood cultural arts education.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

The spawning site characters in the natural environment of bull-head torrent catfish, Liobagrus obesus, were investigated at the part of the Gosan stream in Korea from April to October 2010 and June 2011. The sex ratio of female to male was 1 : 1.02. Spawning season was from June to July with water temperature in approximately $23^{\circ}C$. The spawning sites were covered by the boulder used upper plate and were composed of gravel and sand. One male lies with the egg mass and guards the developing embryos in the hollow below the boulder. The environmental conditions of the spawning sites were $61.4{\pm}11.97$ (50~85) cm in depth, 0.58${\pm}0.067$ (0.48~0.72) m/sec in surface water velocity, $0.46{\pm}0.098$ (0.27~0.61) m/sec in middle water velocity, $0.27{\pm}0.083$ (0.14~0.41) m/sec in bottom water velocity. The boulder width as spawning sites was $26.2{\pm}5.32$ (20~38) cm in long axis, $20.5{\pm}2.97$ (16~25) cm in short axis and $11.1{\pm}4.02$ (5~19) cm in height. The hollow underneath the boulder was $9.8{\pm}2.32$ (6~14) cm in diameter and $2.8{\pm}1.10$ (1.5~5) cm in depth. The average number of eggs in ovary was $124{\pm}27.7$ (92~180). The matured egg size was $3.40{\pm}0.078$ (3.21~3.56) mm. The average number of spawning eggs in the spawning site was $99{\pm}12.9$ (81~122).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.149-154
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• 2002

Seventy two Duroc $\times$ Yorkshire $\times$ Landrace pigs (75.66$\pm$1.86 kg average initial body weight) were used in a 45 days growth assay to determine the effects of Astragalus membranaceus, ginseng and onion complex on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Dietary treatments included 1) Control (basal diet), 2) AGO 0.25 (basal diet + 0.25% Astragalus membranaceus, ginseng and onion complex), 3) AGO 0.50 (basal diet+0.50% Astragalus membranaceus. ginseng and onion complex). For overall period, average daily weight gain increased as the concentration of Astragalus membranaceus, ginseng and onion complex in the diets was increased (linear effect, p<0.01). Gain/feed improved without significant difference (p>0.05) as the concentration of Astragalus membranaceus, ginseng and onion complex in the diets was increased. As adding level of Astragalus membranaceus, ginseng and onion complex increased in the diets, A grade appearances of carcass tended to increase (linear effect, p<0.01). The total and LDL+VLDL cholesterol concentrations in serum of pigs fed AGO 0.25 diet were lower than them of pigs fed Control and AGO 0.50 diets without significant difference (p>0.05). $L^{*}$-, $a^{*}$-, and $b^{*}$- value of M. longissimus dorsi muscle were not significantly different among the treatments (p>0.05). Total feed cost per kg of weight gain was lower in the AGO 0.50 treatment (813 won) than in the Control (830 won). The results obtained from this feeding trial suggest that the Astragalus membranaceus, ginseng and onion complex supplementation for finishing pigs had improved growth performance. However, carcass characteristic was not affected by supplemental Astragalus membranaceus, ginseng and onion complex.lex.x.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.847-885
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based internet program for nutritional assessment and diet Prescription by renal diseases. Renal diseases were classified by nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The system consisted of five parts according to their functions and contents. The first part is to assess the general health status such as body weight, obesity index, basal metabolic rate and total energy requirement by the input of age, sex, height, weight and degree of activity. The second part was designed to investigate dietary history of patient, that is, to find out his inappropriate dietary habit and give him some suggestions for appropriate dietary behavior by investigating his dietary history. This part also offers the diet and nutrition management by personal status with renal disease, and the information for food selection, snacks, convenience foods, dine-out, behavioral modification, cooking methods, food exchange lists and terms. The third part is evaluating their energy and nutrients intake by comparing with recommended dietary allowance for Koreans or standardized data for patient with renal disease. In this part, it is also analyzing energy and nutrients of food consumed by food group and meals, and evaluating the status of nutrient intake. The fort]1 one, a major part of the system, is implementing the diet and menu planning by using food exchange lists. This Part Provides the patient with menus lists and I day menu suitable to his weight, activity and the status of renal disease. The fifth part is providing information on energy and nutrients of foods and drinks, and top 20 foods classified by nutrients. These results are finally displayed as tabular forms and graphical forms on the computer screen.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.565-583
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• 2020

In recent years, various social issues related to the natural radioactive elements detected in household goods and building materials are addressed, and should be solved promptly. In Korea, for more than 20 years, the Ministry of Environment has investigated the natural radioactive materials such as heavy metals, uranium, and radon in soil or groundwater. The origins of natural radioactive materials in them may have a close correlation with the geological factors including classification of rocks, petrogenetic origins, and deformation characteristics, but the exact geological correlations are not clarified because of the absence of the government policy preserved in the basement rocks, soils as well as groundwater in fault-related reservoirs. This study aims to perform a research on the correlation between the petrogeneses of the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks and natural radioactive concentrations in rocks (radon, uranium, thorium, potassium etc.) in Korea. Among the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks, alkaline plutonic rocks (syenite, monzonite and monzodiorite and alkali granite) show high U and Th concentrations by high solubilities of U, Th, Zr, REE, and Nb until the most extreme stages of magmatic fractionation (viz. crystal fractionation) due to high magma temperature and high alkalinity tendency. The highly fractionated high-K calalkaline and peraluminous granitic rocks (leucogranite, two-mica granite and leucocratic pegmatite are also U and Th concentrations compared with other less or medium fractionated granitic rocks (diorite, granodiorite and granite). The alkaline plutonic rocks are associated with intracontinental rifting and extensional environment after crustal thickening by collisional and subductional processes. In contrast, the dominant calc-alkaline granitic rocks in Korea are related to the arc environment of the subduction zone. In summary, the trends of the U, Th and K concentration from the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks in Korea are closely linked to the petrogenesis of the rocks in tectonic environment. The preliminary data for gamma-spectrometric mesurments of natural radionuclide contents (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) in the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks show high values in the alkaline and highly fractionated granitic rocks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1988

Stow nets have widely been used in the western sea of Korea from the olden age. The original structure of a stow net is a large square-sectional bag net made of 4 netting panels, and the front fringes of top and bottom panels are connected to the top and bottom beams respectively. Wire ropes, which is originated from the holding anchor are gradually forked and biforked, and finally 4 pieces of wire rope (biforked pendants) are jointed to each beam. Much convenience caused by long and heavy beams were problemed, then some studies have been carried out to improve the net since 1930's. The most effective improvement were achieved in 1980 by Mr. Han and his colleagues. The key point of improvement was that the beams were removed and the belt shaped shearing device made by canvas was attached to the side panels, the head rope and ground rope to the front fringe of top and bottom panel, and biforked pendants are joined to the shearing device. Even though this is the epoch-making improvement of a stow net, the further study should be required to find out more effective method. The authors carried out a model experiment on the stow net to determine the vertical and horizontal opening of a net mouth, and also examine the front, top and side-view configuration of the net. The model net was constructed depending on the Similarity Law of Fishing Gear in 1/10 and 1/20 scale and set against to the current at shallow and speedy flowing channel. The vertical and horizontal openings were determined by using scaled bamboo poles, and the configuration was observed by using specially prepared observation platform and underwater observation glass, and also photographed by using specially prepared underwater photographic equipment. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The opening height and width of the shearing device varied in accordance with the relative length of the biforked pendants. Considering the height and width of shearing device in 6 cases of the arrangement system of biforked pendants, the best result was obtained in the case that the 2nd, 3rd and 4th pendents from the bottom-most was 5%, 9% and 4% longer than that. 2. On the top-view configuration the excessive deformation of head rope and ground rope were observed. In the actual net, 54m long head rope and ground rope were attached to the front fringe of top and bottom panels so that the head rope may be lifted to make the net mouth open highly. But actually the head rope and the ground rope are streamed backward without any lift, and also the netting followed the ropes were deformed until the 2/5 in the whole length of the net. This deformation may be guessed to disturb the entrance of fish school into the net and also caused the net to get caught by obstacles in the sea bed and to be broken largely. 3. Hydrodynamic resistance R of the actual net may be deduced as R(kg)=29.2$\times$103 v1.65. It is also expressed as R(kg)=5.9$\times$d/l$\times$ab v1.65. depending on the formula deduced by Koyama to estimate the resistance of trawl nets, where d/l denote the ratio between diameter of netting twine and length of mesh leg in every part of side panel, a and b, the stretched circumference of the mouth and the stretched length of the net, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 1990

In order to disclose the contamination of the Mushim-Cheon by pollutants in August and September of 1989 and to establish countermeasures, the collected water samples were analyzed to obtain the following results : 1. The water temperature of the period ranged from 25.8 to $30.8^{\circ}C$ acceptable for the growth of microorganisms and algae to allow the self-purification of the stream. 2. The pHs at the sites during the same period ranged from 6.5 to 8.5 which fall within the allowed values for the first grade water supplies except for site 14. 3. At site 18 which is the confluence of the sewer of the excretion disposal facilities and the main stream, the DO was observed to fall down to 0.7 ppm in September. 4. The BOD value reached a maximum of 62.1 ppm at site 18, which far exceeded the limit of 40 ppm, the allowed value for the discharges from the disposal facilities. In addition, the SS values were 200 and 520 ppm in August and September, respectively, which were three to seven times as high as the allowed limit of 70 ppm. 5. The high $NH_3-N$ value of 46.2 ppm at site 18 in September suggested that the water was heavily contaminated with excretions. 6. The BOD load of the sewage from site 12, the Sajik-Dong Sewer, in September was estimated to be about 0.306 ton/day. 7. The contamination of the influents, the family wastewater, and the discharges from the disposal facilities was greater than that of the main stream. 8. In the samples collected from site 12, the Sajik-Dong sewer at an interval of every two hours, a close correlation was observed between the pollutant load and the life cycle of the nearby inhabitants. 9. Compared with the results obtained from the water samples in 1979, it was observed that the water was heavily contaminated at site 12 (the Sajik-Dong Sewer, under the Chung Ju Great Bridge) and site 15 (Under the 2nd Uncheon Bridge) over the last 10 years, with little difference at site 9(Young Un-Dong water supply source).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1985

In order to observe an effect of the components of rice straw on the utilization of nutrient in chicks, the rice straw of 100g were digested in 800$m\ell$ of distilled water or 0.25N NaClO$_2$ at 135 C and in the pressure of 3.2kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ by autoclave during 30, 60 and 120 minutes (water or NaClO$_2$-30, 60 and 120- RS). The contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin were analysed in the washed and dried rice straw meal. Hatched single comb white Leghorn male chicks were fed with a commercial chick mash for the first 10 days and five kinds of experimetal diets for the next 8 days which contained 17.0% of wheat bran (basal), cellulose(cotton meal), nontreated RS, water-30-RS and NaClO$_2$ 30-RS, respectively. The water-30, 60 and 120-RS baa leased 9.7, 12.1 and 13.3% of dry matter, respectively, while NaClO$_2$-30-RS had similar contents of dry matter loss with those of water-30-RS, and NaClO$_2$-60 and 120-RS had tossed 1.5 times of dry matter comparing with those of water-60 and 120-RS, respectively. And the dry matter loss of the water-RS or NaClO$_2$-RS was mainly originated front the extractable cell contents and hemicellulose of the non-treated RS. Birds fed water-30-RS diets had higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion than those of birds fed non-treated and NaClO$_2$-30-RS diets during 8 days of experimental feeding. Also nitrogen balance and retention rate of birds fed water -30-RS was higher comparing with those of birds non-treated and NaClO$_2$-30-RS. And digestibility of crude fat had been shown a highering trend in birds water-30-RS. The rate of metabolizable energy (MEn) to gross energy (GE) of birds fed non-treated RS, water-30-RS and NaClO$_2$30-RS diets were 71.9, 72.9 and 70.4%, respectively, and energy intake per metaboic body size (kg 0.75) were reached to 307.3, 296.2 and 291.4 kcal per day, respectively. And daily protein retention per kg 0.75 were 1.647, 1.969 and 1.560g, respectively. Then 30.56kcal of MEn required for 1 g of protein retention in birds fed water-30-RS, which was lower thu 36.90 and 37.56 kcal of birds fed non-treated and NaClO$_2$-30- RS, respectively. The results seems to indicate that non-treated rice straw had a substance or characters which affect the energy unilization or protein retention of diets and which will be eliminated by boiling in water.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.74-85
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• 1995

A study was conducted to provide some basic data for controlling the Mulberry scale insect(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona T.). Experiments were carried out with checking their field-life, and a few selected insecticides were tested when mulberry leaves were not in use. About 57% of female were survived from the overwintering attached to the bark. Over 80% of the scale were distributed within the range of 30cm from the base of each stem. One hundred percent and 96.7% of eggs were hatched under 25$^{\circ}C$ and 27$^{\circ}C$ respectively. Eighty percent of pupae emerged both under 25 and 27$^{\circ}C$. The Mulberry scale require about 33 days under 25$^{\circ}C$ and 30 days under 27$^{\circ}C$. This species had 2 generations each year in mulberry field in Suwon. Overwintered as a mated female only. Oviposited about 170 eggs under their scale starting from the late April (in 1994) through the mid May (in 1993). Phenthoate EC sprayed in the mid June against the larvae was very effect with over 96% of control value.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of helical tomotherapy on a wide curved area of the skin, and its accuracy in calculating the absorbed dose in the superficial region. Materials and Methods: Two types of treatment plans were made with the cylinder-shaped 'cheese phantom'. In the first trial, 2 Gy was prescribed to a 1-cm depth from the surface. For the other trial, 2 Gy was prescribed to a 1-cm depth from the external side of the surface by 5 mm. The inner part of the phantom was completely blocked. To measure the surface dose and the depth dose profile, an EDR2 film was inserted into the phantom, while 6 TLD chips were attached to the surface. Results: The film indicated that the surface dose of the former case was 118.7 cGy and the latter case was 130.9 cGy. The TLD chips indicated that the surface dose was higher than these, but it was due to the finite thickness of the TLD chips. In the former case, 95% of the prescribed dose was obtained at a 2.1 mm depth, while the prescribed does was at 2.2 mm in the latter case. The maximum dose was about 110% of the prescribed dose. As the depth became deeper, the dose decreased rapidly. Accordingly, at a 2-cm depth, the dose was 20 % of the prescribed dose. Conclusion: Helical tomotherapy could be a useful application in the treatment of a wide area of the skin with curvature. However, for depths up to 2 mm, the planning system overestimated the superficial dose. For shallower targets, the use of a compensator such as a bolus is required.