• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the level of health concern and the health practice of adult women depending on their experiences with cosmetic tattooing. Methods: The participants were 396 adult women in Jeonnam and Jeonbuk Provinces and G City. Their levels of health concern were measured using the 5-point-5-item scale designed by Kim. For measuring their health practice, the 5-point-12-item scale designed by Kwak was used. Results: The percentage of cosmetic tattooed women was 58.8%. The average score of their health concern was 3.12 and that of their health practice 3.54. As for their levels of health concern, no differences were observed between those with cosmetic tattoo experience and those without. However, the group with cosmetic tattoo experience exhibited a higher level of health practice. Also, most members of the cosmetic tattooed group decided to visit their tattoo shops based on the availability of tattoo shapes or prices rather than considering infection risks. Conclusion: Health education is necessary to increase people's sensitivity to infection. This study shows that urgent attention for the management and regulation of the relevant ministries is required. Also, this study provides foundational information that will serve health education.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceived service quality according to the characteristics of beauty salons and customer demographics. 343 customers were surveyed in the areas of university campuses, central district and residential areas of Cheongju. The questionnaire consisted of the characteristics of beauty salons and customer demographics, and items to evaluate the service quality. Confirmatory factor analysis, t test, ANOVA and descriptive statistical analysis were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows; First, the preference for the number of designer in the beauty salon were differed by sex, age and occupation. Women, college and graduate students preferred the salons with over seven designers. The customers over forty years old used smaller beauty salon. Second, Female perceived higher service quality in all respects such as technique, kindness and convenience of reservation than male did. There were no difference in age groups and occupations. Third, nationally franchised shop which located in downtown with more than 20 designers were highly evaluated in view of service quality.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2019

This study comparatively analyzed hair bleaching and degree of damage by the temperature of a heating tool after coloring hair with a permanent, semi-permanent or plant hair dye. According to analysis by spectrophotometer, 'semi-permanent hair dye' was the highest, followed by 'permanent hair dye' and 'plant hair dye' in terms of changes in $L^*$ values. In terms of changes in hair shape when analyzed using FE-SEM, 'semi-permanent hair dye($150^{\circ}C$ or lower)' was the greatest, followed by 'plant hair dye($180^{\circ}C$ or lower)' and 'permanent hair dye($200^{\circ}C$ or lower)'. Therefore, it is reasonable to flat iron hair at low temperature. According to the test, amino acid values gradually decreased in both bleached and colored hair. The results obtained through TGA-based thermal analysis confirmed that as brightness increases, hair moisture contents decrease. This study aimed to protect hair by suggesting a correct use of a flat iron by the hair dye type during hair coloring. It appears that the study results would help hairdressers minimize hair damage by using a hair dye at proper temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.143-155
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• 2023

This study examined the effect of beauty service location characteristics and service quality on customer satisfaction and revisit intention, and analyzed the gender control effect of location characteristics and service quality in the relationship with customer satisfaction. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed and analysis was conducted to investigate how location characteristics and service quality in beauty service encounters effects customer satisfaction. The results of this study are as follows. First, visibility, which is a location characteristic, was found to have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Second, professionalism and convenience, which are service qualities, were found to have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Third, customer satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on the intention to revisit. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the gender control effect in the relationship between location characteristics and service quality with customer satisfaction, the gender control effect was found in all factors.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to see how wearing either a SCL or a C-SCL effected the dryness of a person's eye depending on how long they wear either type of lens. Methods: This study was carried out on 52 subjects (104 eyes) who were all in their twenties and had previously experienced wearing contact lenses. All of these subjects were required to wear either a SCL or a C-SCL, which were made out of the same material, for three months. Contents such as the McMonnies Questionnaire survey, the blinking rate per min. and the Noninvasive tear break-up time test (NIBUT) were later conducted on the subjects for this study. Results: According to the results of the McMonnies Questionnaire, it was concluded that the longer the subject wore the SCL and C-SCL, the value of the measurements gradually increased. On the other hand, the results from the NIBUT concluded that the longer the subject wore the SCL, the value of the measurements eventually decreased. However, according to the measurements of the blink rate test, it was concluded that neither results had a significant change. Conclusions: It was concluded that long-term wearing of SCL and C-SCL could be the cause of the induction and progression of dry eyes.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2010

Purpose: Analysis performance for spectacle lens which sales in domestic market and optimization design a spectacle lens which is corrected aberration. Methods: Measured center thickness, radius and aspherical surface coefficient for spherical and aspherical lenses which were ${\pm}$5.00D. Refractive index for every lens was 1.6 and they came from 4 different companies. I used 3 types of equipment to measure lenses. ID-F150 (Mitutoyo) : Center Thickness, FOCOVISION (SR-2, Automation Robotics) : Radius, PGI 1240S (Taylor Hobson) : Aspherical surface coefficient. Designed a lens which had 27 mm of distance from lens rear surface to center of eye, 4 mm of pupil diameter and small aberration on center vision $30^{\circ}C$. To shorten axial distance compared with the measured lens rise merits for cosmetic. Lens Design tool was CODE V (Optical Research Associates). Results: -5.00D aspherical lens had somewhat high astigmatism and distortion compared with the spherical lens. But it had a merit for cosmetic because of short axial height and decrease edge thickness. Improved a performance of distortion and ascertain merits for cosmetic due to short axial height and decrease edge thickness same as (-) lens in case of +5.00 aspherical lens. Though an optimization process front surface aspherical lens had a good performance for astigmatism and distortion and the merit for beauty compared with measured spherical lens. Conclusions: Design trend for domestic aspherical lens is decrease axial height and thickness to increase a merit for cosmetic not but increase performance of aberration. From design theory for optimization design front surface aspherical spectacle lens which has improved performance of aberration and merit for cosmetic at the same time compared with the measured lens. Expect an improved performance from design back aspherical lens compared with front aspherical lens.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.3 s.47
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• pp.313-320
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• 2004

Human skin is continuously exposed to internal and external influences that may affect its condition and functioning. To maintain and improve skin condition, a wide variety of skin-care products is in the market. However, many of skin problems originate from internal causes, and the new insight into the relation between nutritional factors and skin is now receiving a great attention. Specific positive effects of nutrients or nutraceutical compounds on skin conditions may prove to be biologically relevant and may consequently allow for claims on products containing these compounds, resulting in the development of new functional food for optimal skin condition. In this review, these functions of nutrients and nutraceutical compounds in skin are summarized as providing a basis for the feasibility of the concept of functional foods for maintaining and improving skin condition.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1506-1520
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating effect of self-management in the relationship between the grit of skin care workers and its impact on self-efficacy and job performance. Research participants were 344 workers at skin care shop and hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis(CFA), correlation analysis, structural equation model, and mediation effect analysis using bootstrapping method using SPSS, AMOS 26.0 Statistical programs. The conclusions drawn through a series of research procedures are as follows. First, the grit of skin care workers showed a significant positive(+) influence on self-management, self-efficacy, and job performance. Second, Self-management of skin care workers showed a significant positive(+) relationship with self-efficacy and job performance. Third, self-management of skin care workers was found to have a mediating effect in the relationship between grit and job performance. Therefore, it is judged that there is an urgent need to apply human resources management and education programs that can increase self-management, self-efficacy, and job performance through cultivating the grit of beauty industry workers.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.105-113
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• 2020

This study examines the effects of job stress on employees in the beauty service industry and the consequences on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Based on the analysis of the job stress of beauty employees, the purpose of the study is to identify the beauty service industry's problems and present marketing implications. First, it was found that employees' job stress in the beauty service industry harmed job satisfaction. Beauty workers with a high job satisfaction increase the quality of service for customers, which can increase the customer's store loyalty, helping the beauty service industry's work performance, thereby further increasing job satisfaction by reducing job stress. Second, it was found that employees' job stress in the beauty service industry harmed organizational commitment. The higher the organizational commitment is, the more sense of belonging is created, which in turn can improve the work performance of the beauty industry workers and reduce the turnover rate. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to increase organizational commitment by reducing beauty workers' job stress. Third, it was found that employees' job satisfaction in the beauty service industry had a positive effect on organizational commitment. These results show that the higher the job satisfaction related to the beauty worker's current job satisfaction, current salary satisfaction, satisfaction with the boss, satisfaction with the work environment, and passion for the job, the higher the organizational commitment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the difference in customer commitment according to the demographic characteristics of hair salon customers and the relational benefits of hairdressing business that affect customer commitment. The questionnaire for empirical research was collected from customers of hair salon in Gyeongnam, and the analysis results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the difference in customer commitment according to the demographic characteristics of hair salon customers, customer commitment was statistically high in the group of college graduates or higher and the group of men. Second, as a result of analyzing the causal relationship between relational benefits and customer commitment, it was found that customization benefits, social benefits, and psychological benefits of relational benefits had a statistical effect on customer commitment. In particular, it was found that psychological benefits had the strongest effect on customer commitment.