• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.359-372
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• 2011

TA26 seamount, which is located at south part of Tonga arc, occurs widely hydrothermal plume and is area that sampled hostrock, hydrothermal ore and hydrothermal alteration rock for this study. Hostrocks are basalt and basaltic andesite. Altered rocks by hydrothermal solution consists of plagioclase, pyroxene, pyrite, ilmenite, amorphous silica, barite, smectite, iron sulfates, Fe-Si sulfates and Fe silicates. Gains and losses of major, trace and rare earth elements during wallrock alteration suggest that $K_2O$(+0.04~+0.45 g), $SiO_2$(-6.52~+10.56 g), $H_2O$(-0.03~+6.04 g), $SO_4$(-0.46~+17.54 g), S(-0.46~+13.45 g), total S(-0.51~+16.93 g), Ba(-7.60~+185078.62 g), Sr(-36.18~+3033.08 g), Ag(+54.83 g), Au(+1467.49 g), As(-5.80~+1030.80 g), Cd(+249.78 g), Cu(-100.57~+1357.85 g), Pb(+4.91~+532.65 g), Sb(-0.32~+66.59 g), V(-113.58~+102.94 g) and Zn(-49.56~+14989.92 g) elements are enriched from hydrothermal solution. Therefore, gained(enriched) elements(($K_2O$, $H_2O$, $SO_4$, S, total S, Ba, Sr, Ag, Au, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, V, Zn) represent a potentially tools for exploration of sea-floor hydrothermal deposits from the Tonga arc.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.124-141
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are to investigate the trace (minor) elemental and isotopic compositions of calcitic skeletons, such as barnacle, echinoid, branching and encrusting calcareous algae and oyster, from the eastern coast of Korean peninsula and Cheju Island, and to compare their variations with latitude, that is, the temperature of ambient seawater at which the skeletons grew. Articulated and encrusting red algae are composed of high-Mg calcite (7-21 mol% $MgCO_3$). Echinoids are also composed of high-Mg calcite (7-15 mol% $MgCO_3$). Whereas barnacles are composed of low-Mg calcite (1-5 mol% $MgCO_3$). The Mg compositions of articulated red algae, barnacle and oyster tend to increase with increasing water temperature, whereas those of encrusting red algae and echinoid do not show any trend. Sr compositions of articulated red algae, echinoid and barnacle tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of encrusting red algae and oyster do not show any trend. Mn compositions of articulated red algae and encrusting red algae decrease with an increase of water temperature, whereas those of echinoid and barnacle do not show any trend. Fe compositions of articulated red algae tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of encrusting red algae and oyster increase. Fe compositions of echinoid and barnacle do not show any trend with water temperature variations. Ba compositions of echinoid and low-magnesium calcitic skeletons do not show any trend with water temperature variations. Ba compositions of articulated red algae tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of encrusting red algae increase. Cd and Pb compositions of all the skeletons tend to increase with increasing water temperature. Cu compositions of encrusting red algae increase with increasing water temperature, whereas articulated red algae, echinoid, barnacle and oyster do not show any trend. Zn compositions of high-magnesium calcitic skeletons and low-magnesium calcitic skeletons do not show any trend. Estimated water temperatures from oxygen isotopic data of all the skeletons except for the barnacle arc higher than the range of temperature of the shallow seawater of the East Sea and around Cheju Island. The oxygen isotopic compositions of oyster and echinoid are well clustered, and they do not show any trend with increasing water temperature. Therefore, this could reflect that the organisms have not secreted their shells in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with ambient seawater due to vital effect. Thus, the oxygen isotopic composition of barnacle can potentially be utilized for paleotemperature estimate whereas those of other organisms in this study may not be useful.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.483-493
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• 1996

The tectonic environment and source characteristics of the Daebo granitic batholith in the central Ogcheon Belt were investigated based upon major and trace element geochemistry. The batholith is comprised of three granite types; a biotite granite (DBBG), K-feldspar megacryst-bearing biotite granite (DBKG), and a more mafic granodiorite (DBGD). The variations of Na and K in the granites can not be explained by simple fractional crystallization from the same primary magma. The irregular behavior of these alkali elements indicates a variety of source materials or incomplete mixing of different source materials. The large ion lithophile (LIL) element enrichment and low Ta/Hf ratios of the granites are typical characteristics of normal, calc-alkaline continental arc granitoids. Based upon REE patterns of the granites, it seems to be unreasonable to regard the felsic DBBG as a late stage differentiate formed by residual melts after the fractionation of major constituent minerals of the more mafic DBGD. Inconsistent variations in ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ and LIL element concentrations of the granites preclude a mixing model between primitive melt and LIL element-enriched upper crustal materials. The irregular geochemical variation of the granites is taken to be largely inherited from an already heterogeneous source region.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.112-123
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are to investigate the trace elemental and stable isotopic compositions of aragonitic mollusk shells, such as Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis, Mytilidae and Umbonium coastatum, from the eastern coast of Korean peninsula and Cheju Island, and to compare their variations with latitude, that is, the temperature of the ambient seawater at which the skeletons grew. The Mg compositions of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Mytilidae and Umbonium coastatum do not show any trend. Sr compositions of Mytilidae tend to increase with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis decrease. Fe compositions of Umbonium coastatum tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis increase. Fe compositions of Mytilidae do not show any trend with water-temperature variations. Ba compositions of all the skeletons do not show any trend with water-temperature variations. Cd compositions of Mytilidae and Umbonium coastatum do not show any trend with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis increase. Cu compositions of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis increase with increasing water temperature, whereas Mytilidae and Umbonium coastatum do not show any trend. Pb compositions of Umbonium coastatum do not show any tend with increasing water temperature, but those of other skeletons increase. Zn compositions of Mytilidae tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis increase. Zn compositions of Umbonium coastatum do not show any trend with increasing water temperature. Estimated water temperatures from oxygen isotopic data of all the skeletons are higher than the range of water temperature of the shallow seawater of the East Sea and around Cheju Island. The oxygen isotopic compositions of all the skeletons are well clustered, but they do not show any trend with latitude. Therefore, this could reflect that the organisms may not have secreted their shells in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with ambient seawater due to vital effect. Thus, isotopic compositions of all the organisms in this study may not be suitable for paleotemperature estimate.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.727-738
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• 2007

The present study investigation the geochemical characteristics of the stream sediments in the Unbong area was conducted to enable a understanding the natural background and a prediction the prospects of geochemical disaster as a result of that bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992). We systematically collected seventy three stream sediments samples by wet sieving along the primary channels. Major, trace and rare earth element(REE) concentrations, combined with mineralogical characteristics, were determined by XRD, XRF, ICP-AES and NAA analysis methods. Major element concentrations for the stream sediments in the Unbong area were $SiO_2\;36.94{\sim}65.39wt.%,\;Al_2O_3\;10.15{\sim}21.77wt.%,\;Fe_2O_3\;3.17{\sim}10.90wt.%,\;CaO\;0.55{\sim}5.27wt.%,\;MgO\;0.52{\sim}4.94wt.%,\;K_2O\;1.38{\sim}4.54wt.%,\;Na_2O\;0.49{\sim}3.36wt.%,\;TiO_2\;0.39{\sim}1.27wt.%,\;MnO\;0.04{\sim}0.22wt.%,\;P_2O_5\;0.08{\sim}0.54wt.%$. Trace and REE concentrations for the stream sediments were $Cu\;4.8{\sim}134ppm,\;Pb\;24.2{\sim}82.5ppm,\;Sr\;95.9{\sim}739ppm,\;V\;19.9{\sim}124ppm,\;Zr\;52.9{\sim}145ppm,\;Li\;25.2{\sim}3.3ppm,\;Co\;3.87{\sim}50.0ppm,\;Cr\;17.4{\sim}234ppm,\;Hf\;3.93{\sim}25.2ppm,\;Sc\;4.60{\sim}20.6ppm,\;Th\;3.82{\sim}36.9ppm,\;Ce\;45.7{\sim}243ppm,\;Eu\;0.89{\sim}2.69ppm,\;Yb\;1.42{\sim}5.18ppm$. According to the comparison of average major element concentrations, CaO, $Na_2O\;and\;K_2O$ contents are higher in stream sediments than in bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992) $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$ contents show good correlation both stream sediments and bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992). Yb and Eu in the stream sediments show a positive correlation with $SiO_2$. In contrast, the stream sediments display a negative correlation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 1984

The Ordovician limestone and dolomite was mineralized by the intrusion of quartz porphyry to form hydrothermal ore deposit along the fault shear zone, which trends $N30^{\circ}-40^{\circ}W$ dipping $60^{\circ}-70^{\circ}SW$. The primary manganese carbonates in the upper part of the deposit were oxidized to form supergene manganese ore deposits. The quartz porphyry is plotted mainly in granite region of the triangular diagram of normative composition. The granite phase contains more copper and lead, but less zinc, nickel and chromium than the granodiorite phase which occupies the northwestern part of the quartz porphyry. The content of copper, lead, zinc, nickel and chromium in the quartz porphyry is lower compared with the granitic rocks from the copper province in the Gyeongsang basin. But the granitic rocks from the lead-zinc province has lower content of copper and nickel than the quartz porphyry. The primary distribution pattern of trace elements in the country rock of limestone and dolomite has close relation with the hydrothermal mineralization, showing anomalous or high content near the fault shear zone. The secondary distribution pattern of trace elements in soils shows close relation with the solubility of the carbonates of the elements under weathering condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.52.2-52
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• 2000

광주광역시에서 생산ㆍ유통되고 있는 농산물 총 80개 품목(양파, 파, 마늘, 상치, 배추, 고추, 시금치, 무, 배, 복숭아)을 구입하여 중금속 및 미량금속 함유량을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 수은은 모든 검체에서 검출되지 않았으며, 비소는 0.001 ppm 이하의 결과를 보였다. 카드뮴과 납의 경우 각각 N.D.∼0.088 ppm과 N.D.∼0.096 ppm으로 검출되어 자연 함유량 수준으로 판단된다. 또한 농산물의 생육에 필수원소로 작용하는 구리, 망간과 아연의 함유량은 0.109∼1.072 ppm, 0.829∼6.195 ppm, 0.731∼6.176 ppm으로 검출되었다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.239-257
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• 2023

Sangdong deposit, a W-Mo skarn deposit, is located in Taebaeksan mineralized district, hosting vertically developed scheelite-quartz veins that formed at the late ore-forming stage. In this study, we tried to examine the geochemical signatures of ore-forming fluids and vein-forming mechanisms by analyzing the micro-texture of quartz veins and trace element concentrations of quartz. As a result of texture analyses, quartz veins in the hanging wall orebody and the foot wall orebody commonly exhibit the blocky and the elongate blocky texture, respectively, whereas quartz veins in the main orebody show both textures. These textural differences indicate that quartz veins from the hanging wall orebody were precipitated by the primary hydrofracturing due to H₂O saturation in the igneous body with relatively high temperature and pressure at a vein-skarn stage, and after that, repeated hydrofracturing caused the formation of quartz veins from the main orebody and foot wall orebody. The results of trace element concentrations show that Li⁺+Al³⁺↔Si⁴⁺ is a main substitution mechanism. However, those of the foot wall orebody were clearly divided into a Li⁺-dominated substitution and a Na⁺-, K⁺-dominated substitution. Considering that quartz veins from the foot wall orebody commonly show the elongate blocky texture, such a distinction means that it is a result of repeated injections of fluid with the different composition. Ti concentrations of quartz from the hanging wall, main, and the foot wall orebody are 28.6, 8.2, and 15.7 ppm in average, respectively. Given a proportional relationship between the precipitation temperature and Ti concentrations, it seems that quartz veins from the hanging wall orebody were precipitated at the highest temperature. Al concentrations of the hanging wall, main, and the foot wall orebody having an inverse relationship with fluid pH are 162.3, 114.2, and 182.5 ppm in average, respectively. These results show that Al concentrations in vein-forming fluids were not changed dramatically. Moreover, these concentrations are extremely low in comparison with the other hydrothermal deposits. This indicates that quartz in overall ore veins at Sangdong deposit was precipitated from the constant condition with slightly acidic to near neutral pH.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1999

To study the effects of chemical and organic fertilizer within the contents of essential elements in the lettuce, in the absence or presence of wood extraction, an experiment was conducted for a period of 10 weeks. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows: 1. The iron contents in the lettuce grown in the chemical fertilized group, were different from those in the organic fertilized group, when the wood extraction was treated. The iron contents in the lettuce increased, due to the wood vinegar treatments, but the modes and degrees were not consistent the various kinds of lettuce. 2. Calcium contents in the lettuce were also increased by wood vinegar treatments, but the modes and degrees were not consistent with the various kinds of lettuce. On the other hand, the Calcium contents in the lettuce grown in the organic fertilized group were reduced by the wood vinegar treatments. 3. The mineral contents within other elements(Manganese, Copper, Zinc) in lettuce, is not variable according to the treatments, or the species of the lettuce.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2000

Analysis of fly ashes from the MSW incinerators was carried out using XRF, ICP-MS and ICP-AES. It was found that the major elements of fly ash were Ca, K, Na, Si, Al, S, Cl and O by the XRF analysis. The XRD spectra showed that the fly ashes were mainly consisted with the chlorides, hydroxides, carbonates and also oxides of former elements. For the determination of minor elements such as Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd, we used ICP-AES and ICP-MS after microwave digestion and the results were compared with the result of XRF.