• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.93-100
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• 2021

With the spread of digital trade, the share of digital trade under the global trade environment is increasing. However, since there is no international digital trade standard, the discussion to establish a new trade rule has important significance. Countries around the world are implementing digital trade policies in consideration of their own interests, but different regulatory policies are causing trade conflicts. In order to provide safeguards against personal information infringement due to the free movement of data across borders, major countries around the world have taken measures to localize data, and the EU has enacted GDPR. And the United States regards the imposition of the digital tax as a trade barrier, and some countries oppose the implementation of the digital tax for fear of negative impact on their countries. However, discussions on the global digital tax, centered on the OECD and the G20 are making progress. As it is highly likely that a digital tax agreement will be drawn up within this year, countermeasures must also be prepared. Therefore, this study presents implications for the future direction of Korea's trade policy by examining recent trends in digital trade norms and analyzing major issues in digital trade.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.239-267
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of employment insecurity on organizational commitment and turnover intention, and mediating roles of conflict in Chinese enterprise workers. We examined the theoretical background and conducted an empirical study. The statistical analysis results revealed the following. First, employment insecurity has significant negative effects on organizational commitment and positive effects on turnover intention. Second, employment insecurity has significant positive effects on task and relationship conflicts. Third, task and relationship conflicts have positive significant effects on turnover intention. Fourth, intragroup conflicts (task and relationship conflicts) have partial mediating effects between employment insecurity and organizational commitment, and turnover intention, but task conflicts have no mediating effects between employment insecurity and organizational commitment. On the basis of the research findings, this paper discusses the theoretical and empirical implications of the research, and provides directions for future research.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.161-182
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• 2017

This study is to conduct a stakeholder analysis using Project Stakeholder Management Model established by US Project Management Institute (or PMI) in order to identify current stakeholder related to Korea's trade policy and to establish the stakeholder management process for Korea's trade negotiation. Project Stakeholder Management Model includes four stages such as identifying, planning, managing, and controling stakeholder. The stakeholder management process for Korea's trade negotiation classifies domestic stakeholder into two category; internal stakeholder and external stakeholder. This research suggests that Korea should invite consumer groups, labor unions, and farmer's association into the official communication channel of trade authority while unifying the current stakeholder management divisions and relevant advisory committees within the trade ministry.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2011

This paper studies the impact of Korean introduction of the Generalized System of Preferences(GSP) to developing countries, which are continuously arguing to support research and development for reducing greenhouse gas(GHG) emission with developed countries in the Conference of the Parties(COP) of UNFCCC. This paper is focusing on the expecting effects of trade and GHG emission reduction when Korea provides GSP to Indonesia, Brazil, and Ethiopia, which are selected in the first session of Global Green Growth Institute(GGGI). This paper uses the methodology of the intra-industry trade index multiplied by Korean import-induced coefficients. To Indonesia, Korean probable GSP would benefit exports of Indonesian agriculture, forestry, fishery, and livestock farming industries, which would contribute to Indonesian reduction of GHG emission. To Brazil, the exports to Korea would increase in the GHG sensitive industries such as metal, fat, oils, food, and beverage industries. Ethiopia belongs to the least developed countries. So Korean GSP would support the exports and GHG reduction in Ethiopian agriculture, forestry, fisheries, textiles, and leather industries. Without conflicting most favored nation treatment(MFN) principle in WTO, the introduction of GSP would be a good compensation for GHG reduction to developing countries.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.40-43
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• 2008

자유시장 경제를 신봉하는 사람들은 국가간 교역의 증대는 비교우위에 따른 무역의 증대를 의미하고 이것은 국가간 상호이익을 도모함으로써 세계적인 부를 증진시킨다고 주장한다. 세계화로 다른 나라의 다양한 물품을 우리나라 소비자들이 싼 값에 살 수 있고, 생산자도 세계의 넓은 시장에서 판매활동을 할 수 있으므로 세계적인 부를 증진시킨단 말은 일면 타당해 보인다. 그러나 후진국의 경제발전(특히 수입대체산업의 육성)에 악영향을 미칠 것이며, 선진국 경제에 후진국이 종속되는 결과를 낳을 것이라고 한다. 또한 세계화는 이익을 보는 계층과 손해를 보는 계층을 극명하게 나눠 놓음으로서 분쟁과 갈등을 증대시키는 면도 있다. 예를 들면 최근의 농산물시장의 개방에 따른 우리나라 농민들의 피해, 자본의 대량유입과 대량유출에 따른 외환위기의 위험성 등 개발도상국을 비롯한 중.후진국이 감수해야 할 지도 모르는 부담이 상당하다. 경제적인 종속 이외에도 사회적, 문화적인 종속을 우려하는 시각도 있다. 이러한 가운데 세계화를 주장하는 미국과 대립되는 상황이 나타나는데 이는 자국 문화를 수호하려는 정부의 노력으로 보인다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.127-150
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• 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the third pandemic in history after the Hong Kong flu and swine flu. The outbreak of Corona 19 dramatically reduced exchanges between countries, while rapid contagion created a time gap in economic fluctuations by country. In January 2020, the trade dispute between the US and China entered into a consensus phase, but the economic decoupling phenomenon caused by Corona 19 made it difficult for China to balance trade with the US and made it difficult to comply with the terms of the trade dispute agreement between the US and China. President Trump attributed the responsibility for the spread of Corona 19 to China, and pointed out that the cause of the economic downturn was the infringement of Chinese trade secrets and illegal copies, and protectionism arose. As a result, China protested fiercely, and the conflict with the United States deepened. The US has declared trade sanctions on Huawei and SMIC, which are key companies in China's semiconductor industry, and is predicting the risk of a disconnection of the semiconductor value chain between the US and China. The separation of the value chain of the semiconductor industry has the potential to have a big impact on the semiconductor industry, a structure that is highly specialized and monopolized by certain countries and companies in the value chain. This paper aims to deal with the risk of disconnection in the semiconductor value chain between the US and China reignited by Corona 19, the impact and change of the global semiconductor industry value chain, and the response strategies of Korean semiconductor companies.

• The Journal of Aerospace Industry
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• s.70
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• pp.94-116
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• 2008

WTO는 범세계적 글로벌 경쟁상황에서 국가간 무역거래를 제한하고 자원배분을 왜곡하여 결과적으로 세계 후생의 감소를 가져오는 개별 국가들의 관세 및 각종 비관세장벽, 그리고 자원의 효율적 배분을 왜곡하는 각국 정부의 보조금 정책 시정을 위해 창설되었다. 항공기산업에 있어서 보조금 논쟁의 특징은 주로 선-선진국간 분쟁에 국한된다는 점에서 기존의 WTO에서 많은 갈등을 빚고 있는 선-후진국간의 분쟁과는 큰 차이가 있다. 한국이 주도적으로 대규모 개발사업을 추진하면서 정부보조금을 지급할 경우에는 장기적으로 보조금 분쟁에 휘말릴 가능성이 있다. 그러나 미국/유럽간 쌍무협정 체결 내용에서 보듯이 개발보조금 지급 비중이 전체 개발비의 33%이상이 되지 않을 경우는 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 예상되며, 추가적 지원이 필요할 경우에는 직접적 개발비 보다는 관련 지 원인프라 지원을 통해 특정성 문제를 회피할 필요가 있다. 또한 한국은 아직 WTO 민간 항공기 협정 미가입 상태이기 때문에 WTO로부터 당장 규제대상은 아니다. 실제로 WTO 회원 가입 절차는 WTO로부터 요청 후 국내 검토를 거쳐 예비회원가입(2년 소요)-정회원의 절차를 거치게 된다. 또한 보조금 지급에 의한 경쟁자의 산업 피해가 직접적으로 드러날 때까지는 더 많은 시간이 소요되기 때문에 실제로 WTO 제재를 받기까지는 상당한 시간을 확보할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 WTO 회원이 되면 항공기산업의 육성에 많은 제약이 따르므로 사전적으로 충분한 정부 지원을 통해 조속히 국제경쟁력을 키우는 전략이 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• Strategy21
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• s.46
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• pp.239-276
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• 2020

The failure of early economic sanctions aimed at hurting the overall economies of targeted states called for a more sophisticated design of economic sanctions. This paved way for the advent of 'smart sanctions,' which target the supporters of the regime instead of the public mass. Despite controversies over the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a coercive tool to change the behavior of a targeted state, the transformation from 'comprehensive sanctions' to 'smart sanctions' is gaining the status of a legitimate method to impose punishment on states that do not conform to international norms, the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction in this particular context of the paper. The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council proved that it can come to an accord on imposing economic sanctions over adopting resolutions on waging military war with targeted states. The North Korean nuclear issue has been the biggest security threat to countries in the region, even for China out of fear that further developments of nuclear weapons in North Korea might lead to a 'domino-effect,' leading to nuclear proliferation in the Northeast Asia region. Economic sanctions had been adopted by the UNSC as early as 2006 after the first North Korean nuclear test and has continually strengthened sanctions measures at each stage of North Korean weapons development. While dubious of the effectiveness of early sanctions on North Korea, recent sanctions that limit North Korea's exports of coal and imports of oil seem to have an impact on the regime, inducing Kim Jong-un to commit to peaceful talks since 2018. The purpose of this paper is to add a variable to the factors determining the success of economic sanctions on North Korea: preventing North Korea's evasion efforts by conducting illegal transshipments at sea. I first analyze the cause of recent success in the economic sanctions that led Kim Jong-un to engage in talks and add the maritime element to the argument. There are three conditions for the success of the sanctions regime, and they are: (1) smart sanctions, targeting commodities and support groups (elites) vital to regime survival., (2) China's faithful participation in the sanctions regime, and finally, (3) preventing North Korea's maritime evasion efforts.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.28-40
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• 2000

As the surrounding of companies is more complicated and intensive. many companies attempt managerial innovations by using information technology(IT) strategically. Recently, information technology, especially Electronic Data Interchange(EDI), is highlighted in the surrounding of companies, because it is regarded as a core technology. EDI is the direct computer-to-computer exchange of business documents in standard formats. EDI brings many benefits to the organization such as reduced costs, faster turnaround, better customer service, and strategic advantage. The Purpose of this study is to identify the effects of relational characteristics-communication, trust, conflict, and commitment- on the performance of Business-to-Business EC. In other words, this study examine the relationships between each characteristics and the effects of these characteristics on the organizational performance. The results of empirical analysis revealed that communications between parties have positive influence on the trust and commitment, and high label of commitment on the EDI is improved the organizational performance. In addition, trust in parties indirectly affects characteristics has unexpectedly positive influence on the trust, commitment, and performance.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

Despite that Korea has tried 50 years of service development policies, the result has been unsatisfactory. Borrowing the policy stream model of policy change and narrative policy framework one tried to explain the weaknesses of the policy process for the service development policies. Before 2000 lacking knowledge resulted in poor policy narratives while after 2000 despite sufficient knowledge base and well articulated narratives policy window would not open. Adversarial politics under conservative party caused the window to be closed. One suggests that paradigm shift in value and world view treats is necessary to overcome the policy failures in service development policy. According these analyses one expects a new initiative of policy narrative construction.