• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.461-480
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mothers' parenting beliefs and supportive interaction on maternal parenting stress. It also examined variations of the results by household income levels and mothers' employment status. Participants of the study were 770 mothers of children aged 23-31 months who were a part of the 2010 wave of the National Survey for Panel Study on Korean Children. The analyses revealed that parenting stress was affected by mothers' parenting beliefs and supportive interaction. Mothers' supportive interaction has been shown significantly to predict parenting stress in all four groups of this study. The results demonstrated that the strength of the relationship between parenting stress and parenting beliefs and reciprocal interaction varied based on the combination of income and work status. These findings suggested that income and employment status are important to examine collectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 1994

어머니와 아기의 관계는 가장 기초적인 인간관계로서 아기의 탄생은 한 가족의 생활에 지대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 아기 출산후 어머니들이 겪는 변화는 초산모와 경산모가 달라 새로 태어난 아기의 양육도 책임지며, 다른 자녀와의 관계도 유지해야하는 경산모는 초산모보다 더 많은 역할을 수행하여야 한다. Rubin(1967)은 이것을 다자손(poly-Progeny)의 문제라고 서술하면서, 경산모의 어려움을 언급하였다. 그러나 사회에서나 간호현장에서는 처음 어머니가 된 초산모를 어떻게 도와야 하는가에 주로 관심을 갖고 있으며, 그동안 이루어진 연구도 초산모를 대상으로 하는 것들이 대부분이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산후 4개월된 초산모와 경산모의 모성역할 긴장과 모성역할 획득정도의 차이를 조사하였다. 연구결과 모성역할 획득 중 모성역할 수행과 모성 정체감은 초산모와 경산모에 따라 차이가 없었으나, 아기와의 상호작용은 초산모가 경산모보다 더 많이 한다고 보고 하였다. 모성 역할 긴장은 경산모가 초산모보다 더 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 어머니의 연령과 남편의 지지를 공변량 처리하여 보았을 때도 경산모가 초산모보다 모성역할 긴장을 더 느끼고 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.273-297
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• 2012

Using grounded theory method, this study analyzed the in-depth interviews with 11 parents of institutionalized children in order to find out how the experience of the parents on the process of the children's family reunification. According to the results, it was 'leaving one's child' that composed causal conditions, and also it was 'sentenced life' and 'adapting to a life without child' that composed existing conditions. Thus, the contextual condition was found out as 'a belief of family' and 'a belief of child caring' and the mediation conditions were 'power to recover' and 'not being as one's intentions'. Also, reaction/interaction strategies turned out as 'preparing a basis of child-care', 'playing a parent', 'standing against being adapted' and 'adjusting as their children back to family'. Finally, the analysis showed 'burdens on caring', 'wanting to leave one' child again', 'having stronger family membership' and 'being hopeful in a future' as results. The specific levels of the process were found out as following 4 steps, as time goes by. 1)Fostering children at institutions: become harsh parents(or a harsh parent), 2)After fostering: rebuild collapsed family in order to take the children back, 3)Family reunification: become aboveboard to oneself, family and the world, 4)After family reunification: try to keep the family taking precautions against resending. While taking their children back, the parents turned out to experience long, unremitting tension. Reflecting results of the analysis above, and in order to promote sending institutionalized children back to their families this article suggests practical alternatives for parents who left their children in institutions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.837-854
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• 2021

This study was conducted to explore parenting experiences for mothers of adolescent children. Participants in the study were 7 primary caregivers of children in the first to third grades of middle school in the Seoul area, and in-depth interviews were conducted from September to November 2019. After recording the interviews of each participant, the transcripts of verbal words and documents that were the summary of the interview were collected as data. In this study, the participants' perceptions of experiences and actions were analyzed by Smith & Osborn (2003)'s interpretative phenomenological method, which allows researchers to make meanings. As a result of data analysis, 6 major topics and 25 sub-themes were derived. The results derived from the parenting experiences of mothers of adolescents are largely six types: the implications of spending time with their children, unnatural act, the aesthetics of expression, the way to recharge energy, the mental heritage that they want to leave for their children, and resilience. The research results of this study can be presented so that they can learn the healthy responses and interaction of care-givers in a preventive educational dimension, as it provides both generality and specificity of how mothers should interact with their adolescent children in the field of clinical practice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

The main object of the study is to investigate the relationship between depressive symptom and poverty and to analyze the interaction effect between poverty and informal social relationship on depressive symptom. The data for the study is survey data on Life of elderly in Chuncheon Area in 2014. The sample size of the survey is 2,023 and because of missing data, the analysis contains data for 1,934 persons. The survey is conducted by the face to face interview with the questionnaire. Results of the analysis are as follows. First, the poverty shows positive relationship with depressive symptom. Second, the level of contact with children and support exchange with friends show negative relationship with depressive symptom. Third, There is interaction effect between poverty and level of contact with children on depressive symptom.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.89-101
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to provide better understanding of longitudinal effects of early maternal employment on mother-child relationship using 1364 families participating the NICHD Study of Early Child Care in the U.S. Based on the information on maternal employment from 6 months after the child's birth, three employment groups were created: mothers who had always worked more than 30 hours per week, mother who had worked part-time or had been inconsistently employed, and mothers who had never worked. At 36 months, mothers who had extensively employed for the first 36 months showed significantly lower level of supportive presence compared to mothers who had never worked. Mothers who had partly employed for the first year of child's life displayed higher level of supportive presence at 36 months compared to mothers in the other two 12 month employment groups. No other significant employment group differences were found in the mothers' respect for child's autonomy and hostility at 36 months. At first grade, mothers in three employment groups were not different in their relationship with their child. The findings suggested that maternal employment, specifically early extensive maternal employment, does not consistently predict lower quality of mother-child interaction in two or three years later.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.715-728
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• 2012

This research aims at examining the relationships between mother-toddler interaction and its related variables. A total of 49 toddlers and their mothers were participated and observed in the child lab during free play. The main results of this study are as follows. First, among the mother-toddler interaction, 'involvement' was frequently used in comparison with the 'rejection' was the hardly used in their interaction. Second, the mothers' sensitivity, parenting stress, and the mother-toddler interaction had no significant difference by the mothers' job status or gender of toddlers. However, their parenting stress was lower in working mothers or mothers who have girls. Third, mother-toddler interaction was significantly correlated with the mothers' sensitivity, parenting stress, parenting style, and the temperament of toddlers. On the basis of this results, the implication related to the variables influencing mother-toddler interaction was discussed.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.253-276
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• 2002

Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. Expecially, mother and infant relationship is affected by mother and infant interactions during one year after birth and an omen of mother-infant interaction after birth is mother-fetus interaction. This study was conducted to develop mother-fetus interaction promotion program of talking and tactual stimulation aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas and to evaluate the effect of the nursing intervention program on mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Non-eguivalent control group posttest design was used, and Blumer's symbolic interaction theory and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used a conceptual framework of this study. Fifty primiparas and infant(26 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 24 dyads for control group) were recruited from three general hospital and an OBGY clinic located in Kwang Nung city. Data was collected from January 30th to December 20th in 2001. For the intervention group, programed education which focused on mother-fetus interaction in the 1st trimester. Telephone counselling was provided with interval of two weeks. For two groups, home visiting for data collection of mother- fetus interaction was conducted at 36 to 38 weeks of gestational age. And mother-infant play interactions were assessed at 4 to 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Play situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effect of intervention progrom was determined with t-test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. The results were as follows: 1. The significant difference was found in mother-fetus interaction between two groups(t=2.085, P=0.0425). It indicated that intervention progrom was effective in improving mother-fetus interaction. 2. The significant difference was found in mother-infant play interaction between two groups(W=347.5, P=0.0001). In subscale analysis, three subscales showed significant differences between the groups: interactional behavior of mother(t=5.921, P=0.0001), interactional behavior of infant(t=5.736, P= 0.0000), and synchronic interactional behavior of mother and infant(t=7.940, P= 0.0000). In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas promoted mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Therefore, this study suggests that this nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the fetus's movement should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial for formation of mother - infant relationship, and for promotion the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.144-159
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore mother's perception and practice of Taegyo. In addition, belief factors toward Taegyo oriented Korean mother-fetus interaction are identified in order to obtain baseline data for the development of Taegyo oriented program enhancing mother-fetus interaction. Method: The sample consisted to 186 pregnant women who visited public health center or hospital for prenatal care. Self-reporting questionnaire devised by investigator was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS win program and contents analysis was used. Result: Although mothers intended to a pregnancy, many of them were perceived negatively toward pregnancy. The study revealed that most of pregnant women continued cultural practices related to Taegyo, they focused on mother-fetus interaction behavior-such as listen to the music, reading a book, talk to fetus, stroke the fetus- with being altered traditional beliefs toward Taegyo or Taemong. Most of pregnant women had Taemong and believed a it's predictive functions. Beliefs toward mother-fetus interaction were classified to 6 factors, pregnancy, Taemong. fetus, practice behavior, infant's abilities and mother-fetus interaction behavior. The scores of belief toward mother-fetus interaction and each factors of pregnancy, fetus, practice behavior, infant's ability were statistically significant different depending upon husbands education. Also pregnancy factor in belief toward mother-fetus interaction was statistically significant different depending upon the number of children, child birth, experience of abortion, premature birth. Conclusion: Developing Taegyo oriented program enhancing the mother-fetus interaction need to include the elements of being facilitated maternal identity formation and maternal confidence for the pregnant women. In addition, it should be developed the program concerning with the characteristics of the pregnant women.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.53-70
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• 2002

Maternal interactions during mother-child problem solving tasks were analyzed by marital satisfaction, parenting stress, and child attachment security. Forty 36-to 52-month-old children and their mothers were observed at home. Mothers' ratings of marital satisfaction and parenting stress were collected by questionnaires, and Attachment Q-set assessed child attachment security. Marital satisfaction and child attachment security were negative1y related to parenting stress. Marital satisfaction, parenting stress, and attachment security were related to maternal behaviors. The relations between child's attachment security and maternal behaviors were mediated by parenting stress. Stronger child attachment security was related to lower parenting stress, which in turn contributed to competent maternal behaviors during problem solving.