• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1050-1056
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• 2013

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia throughout the world. The bacteria invade through lung tissue and cause sepsis, shock, and serious sequelae, including rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. However, the molecular mechanism associated with pneumonia's penetration of lung tissue and invasion of the blood stream are still unclear. We attempted to investigate the host cell response at protein levels to S. pneumoniae D39 invasion using human lung cancer epithelial cells, A549. Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 began to change the morphology of A549 cells to become round with filopodia at 2 hours post-infection. A549 cell proteins obtained at each infection time point were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed using MALDI-TOF. We identified several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins such as Grp94 and Grp78 and mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthase and Hsp60 that increased after S. pneumoniae D39 infection. Cytosolic Hsc70 and Hsp90 were, however, identified to decrease. These proteins were also confirmed by Western blot analysis. The identified ER resident proteins were known to be induced during ER stress signaling. These/ data, therefore, suggest that S. pneumoniae D39 infection may induce ER stress.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.531-537
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• 2000

The simple microgel electrophoresis of single cells, a 'comet assay', on fruit seeds enabled the rapid identification of irradiated fruits by comparing the intact non-irradiated cells and the damaged cells of irradiated fruits. Grapes and plums were irradiated with 0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 kGy and strawberries, peaches, apples, and nectarines were irradiated with only 1.0 kGy. Seeds were isolated, crushed, and the suspended cells were embedded in an agarose layer. After lysis of the cells, they were subjected to microgel electrophoresis for 2 minutes, and then stained. The DNA radiation-induced fragmentation of all the fruits stretched and migrated out of the cells forming a tail toward the anode giving the appearance of a comet, while the undamaged cells appeared as intact nuclei without tails. Grape and plum seeds irradiated at 0.5 kGy and higher showed significant increases in tail length. With increasing the irradiation doses, longer extention of the DNA from the nucleus toward the anode was observed. Strawberry, peach, apple, and nectarine seeds irradiated with 1.0 kGy also showed the longer tails than non-irradiated ones. DNA comet assay as a rapid and inexpensive screening technique could be an officially validated method for the detection of irradiated fruits.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.328-337
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• 2006

purpose of this study was to find out problems in experiments for electrolysis of an aqueous CuCl2 solution in high school science textbooks and to suggest an improved experiment considering students' capability of experimenting and laboratory safety in high schools. For this study, the experiments for electrolysis of an aqueous CuCl2 solution presented in 11 high school science textbooks were classified by their experimental methods. After high school chemistry teachers performed the experiments as presented in the high school science textbooks, an analysis was performed on problems of the experiments, and an improved experiment was devised. According to the results of this study, in the experiments for electrolysis of an aqueous CuCl2 solution using a U type tube and a U type tube with branch, reaction velocity of the electrolysis was slow, therefore, a side reaction was generated. In the experiment using a beaker, reaction of each electrode could not be observed separately. And in the experiment using an electrolysis instrument, it was difficult to identify property of the reaction product. In the improved experiment using a reaction vessel of ㅂshape, reaction velocity of the electrolysis was fast, reaction of each electrode could be observed separately, and the side reaction decreased. From these results, it was suggested that the improved experiment would help high school students understand scientific conception regarding electrolysis.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.164-178
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to determine the relative importance of Sanchoneo mandu attributes and find out differences between the determinants and attributes when purchasing mandu. The survey was conducted targeting 114 panels(aged 20~39 years old), who were university students and graduated university, from the period of June 18 to 22, 2012. The statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 for conjoint analysis. The main results of this study were as follows : according to the analysis on the attributes and mandu made with Sanchoneo, the relative importance of mandu attributes was assessed in filling materials(33.09%), price(30.28%), shape of mandu(21.69%) and spicy level(14.94%). The most preferred Sanchoneo mandu was the one added with kimchi with price of 7000 won, oval shape, and mild taste.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 2016

Flower-like zinc oxide (FZnO) was successfully synthesized via a sonochemical process. The chemical structure, morphology, and antimicrobial properties of as- prepared FZnO were investigated. Additionally, pure LDPE and five different LDPE/FZnO composite films were prepared with different FZnO content by using a twin screw extruder. According to the FTIR and SEM analyses, there exists weak interfacial interaction between LDPE and FZnO. Compared with pure LDPE, the LDPE/FZnO composite films showed UV barrier and enhanced antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a Gram-negative micro-organism and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as a Gram-positive micro-organism. To enhance the interfacial interaction and good dispersion of FZnO into the LDPE matrix, and resultantly to such as UV barrier and antimicrobial properties of LDPE/FZnO composite films as the packaging materials, further efforts are required.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.450-460
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• 2005

Today, multimedia information is used on the internet and various social areas by rapid development of computer and communication technology. Therefor, the usage is growing dramatically. Multimedia information analysis system is basically based on text. So, there are many difficult problems like expressing ambiguity of multimedia information, excessive burden of works in appending notes and a lack of objectivity. In this study, we suggest a method which uses color and shape information of multimedia image partitions efficiently analyze a large amount of multimedia information. Partitions use field growth and union method. To extract color information, we use distinctive information which matches with a representative color from converting process from RGB(Red Green Blue) to HSI(Hue Saturation Intensity). Also, we use IMI(Improved Moment Invariants) which target to only outline pixels of an object and execute computing as shape information.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.446-453
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• 1990

In order to investigate the retinoic acid indticed-differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma stem cell, we have analyzed the change of cell morphology and laminin expression after exposure to retinoic add and cyclic AMP. It is shown that undifferentiated F9 stem cells grow as closely packed colonies, and it is difficult to distinguish cell-cell boundaries. After retinoic add and dibutyryl cyclic AMP treatment, F9 cells assume a flat morphology characterized by perinuclear granules and arrest growth. According to Northern blot analysis, laminin expression was increased markedly after retinoic acid treatment. Laminin Bi gene expression was increased at least 30-fold and laminin B2 gene expression was increased approximately 20-fold during differentiation process. Employing immunofluoresence analysis, it was proved that the synthesis of laminin protein was low level in F9 stem cell whereas it became high level in retinoic acid treated F9 cell and the laminin protein was largely accumulated in the cell surface. Our results suggest that induction of laminin Bi and B2 genes m F9 cells is retinoic acid-mediated control, and morphological change and differentiation of F9 cells might be associated with laminin gene expression.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.467-478
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• 2011

This study examines international tourists 'perceived images and service quality of Korean foods. A survey was conducted to international tourists(Chinese, Japanese, American) visiting Korea. The results of study show that there is a significant difference in several attributes of Korean traditional foods as perceived by international tourists along their nationality. Particularly, American tourists tend to highly evaluate Korean foods as ones good for health. The perceived attractiveness of Korean foods in terms of color and shape is higher for Chinese and Americans than Japanese. A distinct difference is also found in the importance and performance attributes of perceived quality of Korean foods by the nationality of tourists. The results of IPA for the perceived quality of Korean traditional foods show that the restaurant facility and atmosphere are identified as the ones that need to be improved across all the tourists.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2008

We synthesized GaN nanowires with high quality using the vapor phase epitaxy technique. The GaN nanowires were obtained at a temperature of $950^{\circ}C$. The Ar and $NH_3$ flow rates were 1000 sccm and 50 sccm, respectively. The shape of the GaN nanowires was confirmed through FESEM analysis. We were able to conclude that the GaN nanowires synthesized via vapor-solid (VLS) mechanism when the source was closed to the substrate. On the other side, the VS mechanism changed to vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) as the source and the substrate became more distant. Therefore, we can suggest that the large amount of Ga source from initial growth interrupt the role of catalyst on the substrate.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2009

To obtain precise information about characteristics of gamma ray detector system responses, we developed new GUI computer program to analize full-energy absorption peak using our developed Delphi computer code for educational purpose. By use of the well known 4 nonlinear peak shaping functions, peaks were fitted with least square fit method in this code. In this paper, we described the methods to search for 12 coefficients in above 4 nonlinear peak shaping functions by use of our developed code in details. The computer code was tested for 1 $\mu$Ci $^{137)Cs$ 661 keV gamma ray peak spectrum detected by 25 % relative efficiency HPGe detector with 5.35 cm (D) $\times$ 5.5 cm (L) size.