• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2024

Recently, interest in edutech has been focused on its fusion with AI technology, and the market in this field is expanding. This study aims to analyze the technological competitiveness and key technological areas of major countries in the AI-edutech field. Additionally, considering that AI-edutech is a convergence of AI technology and edutech, the study seeks to examine the path dependence of AI-edutech in each country to determine whether they are based on existing AI technologies or edutech. To this end, AI-edutech patents were collected and competitiveness was analyzed using patent activity, patent impact, and market acquisition indicators. Path dependence for each country was analyzed using the hurdle negative binomial regression model. The analysis results indicate that the major countries in the AI-edutech field are China, South Korea, the United States, India, and Japan. In terms of patent activity, China had the highest level, followed by South Korea. In terms of patent impact and market securing power, the United States was high in both aspects, Japan had high market securing power, and South Korea had high patent influence. The results of the hurdle negative binomial analysis presented unique findings. The logit part results indicated that the possession of existing AI and edutech did not positively affect the emergence of current AI-edutech, but the count part results showed a positive influence. This suggests that, overall, it is difficult to assert that current AI-edutechs are based on past AI and edutechs. However, once some AI-edutechs based on existing AI and edutechs emerge, they are influenced by the existing technologies. These findings provide implications for future research and technological strategies in this field.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2019

As a sub-concept of corporate or organization governance, business governance and IT governance have become major research topics in academia. However, despite the importance of process as a construct for mediating the domain between business and information technology, research on process governance is relatively inadequate. Process Governance focuses on activities that link business strategy with IT system implementation and explains the creation of corporate core values. The researcher studied the basic conceptual governance models of political science, sociology, public administration, and classified governance styles into six categories. The researcher focused on the series of metamodels. For examples, the traditional Strategy Alignment Model(SAM) by Henderson and Venkatraman which is replaced by the neo-SAM model, organizational governance network model, sequential organization governance model, organization governance meta model, process governance CUBE model, COSO and process governance CUBE comparison model, and finally Process Governance Framework and etc. The Major difference between SAM and neo-SAM model is Process Governance domain inserted between Business Governance and IT Governance. Among several metamodels, Process Governance framework, the core conceptual model consists of four activity dimensions: strategic aligning, human empowering, competency enhancing, and autonomous organizing. The researcher designed five variables for each activity dimensions, totally twenty variables. Besides four activity dimensions, there are six driving forces for Process Governance cycle: De-normalizing power, micro-power, vitalizing power, self-organizing power, normalizing power and sense-making. With four activity dimensions and six driving powers, an organization can maintain the flexibility of process governance cycle to cope with internal and external environmental changes. This study aims to propose the Process Governance competency model and Process Governance variables. The situation of the industry is changing from the function-oriented organization management to the process-oriented perspective. Process Governance framework proposed by the researcher will be the contextual reference models for the further diffusion of the research on Process Governance domain and the operational definition for the development of Process Governance measurement tools in detail.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.4
• /
• pp.564-577
• /
• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibility of establishing a tree nursery at Saemangeum reclaimed land and to classify landscape trees based on the salt tolerance. A tree nursery (2.0 ha) was made in Gunsan Okgu area in 2012 with underground drain lines on the reclaimed land established in 2010. Salt content of the nursery soil within the 60 cm depth in 2013 was 5.13 dS/m and 8.20 dS/m for the pre-desalinated and non-desalinated lands, respectively. Thirty-six woody plant species (22 tree species and 14 shrub species at ages of 1 to 4) with a total of 3,943 individuals were planted in early April, 2013 and their growth performance was monitored until September of the same year. The average survival rate of the transplanted plants was 71.4% in late September, suggesting the high possibility of establishing a tree nursery at the reclaimed land. Based on the survival rate and tree vigor (amount of healthy leaves and crown development), the following 17 species with some salt tolerance were classified into three groups: "salt tolerant group" (3 species, Tamarix chinensis, Cudrania tricuspidata, Ilex serrata), "recommended group" (5 species, Pinus thunbergii, Albizia julibrissin, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Rosa rugosa, Pleioblatus pygmaeus), "plantable group" (9 species, Zelkova serrata, Hibiscus syriacus, Elaeagnus umbellata, Sorbus alnifolia, Sophora japonica, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Quercus acutissima, Ulmus parvifolia, Robinia pseudoacacia). Seven tree species that had been adapted to the reclaimed land for three to four years before being transplanted to new reclaimed land in Gunsan Okgu area showed average survival rate of 98%, suggesting that pre-conditioned trees would survive well in the reclaimed land.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.725-744
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to review selected research articles on Social Welfare in Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society from 2008 to 2017 during 10 years periods, and suggest directions and implications for future research in the field of Gerontological Social Welfare. A total of 273 research articles were selected out of all published 655 articles in Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society in last 10 years. And relevant review articles were selected on the basis of cross checking among authors who majored in social welfare. Selected articles were analyzed for ecological system perspective, research subjects, and research methods. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, ecological system were classified into three categories: 1) macro system(52 articles); 2) mezzo system(120 articles); 3) micro system(101 articles). Second, the research subjects were classified into five categories: 1) social problem of the elderly(151 articles); 2) laws and policies(38 articles); 3) social welfare service for the elderly(28 articles); 4) day service and residential service(39 articles), 5) social participation for the elderly(31 articles). Third, the research methods were classified into 5 categories: 1) qualitative research(213 articles); 2) qualitative research(39 articles); 3) literature review(14 articles); 4) meta research(4 articles); 5) mixed research(3 articles). Finally, there are some important research directions and implications in the field of social welfare for the elderly. First, there should be more balance researches related to the ecological system perspectives in the field of social welfare for the elderly. Second, there should be more systematic researches to analyze critical problems and social issues related to the aging and senior citizens, and developing better interventions and social welfare policies for the elderly. Third, there should be more researches related to evidence based approaches, and utilizing various research methods to examine social problems and major issues for the elderly persons.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.67-88
• /
• 2019

Webtoon is a Korean-style digital comics platform that distributes comics content produced using the characteristic elements of the Internet in a form that can be consumed online. With the recent rapid growth of the webtoon industry and the exponential increase in the supply of webtoon content, the need for effective webtoon content recommendation measures is growing. Webtoons are digital content products that combine pictorial, literary and digital elements. Therefore, webtoons stimulate consumer sentiment by making readers have fun and engaging and empathizing with the situations in which webtoons are produced. In this context, it can be expected that the sentiment that webtoons evoke to consumers will serve as an important criterion for consumers' choice of webtoons. However, there is a lack of research to improve webtoons' recommendation performance by utilizing consumer sentiment. This study is aimed at developing consumer sentiment pattern maps that can support effective recommendations of webtoon content, focusing on consumer sentiments that have not been fully discussed previously. Metadata and consumer sentiments data were collected for 200 works serviced on the Korean webtoon platform 'Naver Webtoon' to conduct this study. 488 sentiment terms were collected for 127 works, excluding those that did not meet the purpose of the analysis. Next, similar or duplicate terms were combined or abstracted in accordance with the bottom-up approach. As a result, we have built webtoons specialized sentiment-index, which are reduced to a total of 63 emotive adjectives. By performing exploratory factor analysis on the constructed sentiment-index, we have derived three important dimensions for classifying webtoon types. The exploratory factor analysis was performed through the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using varimax factor rotation. The three dimensions were named 'Immersion', 'Touch' and 'Irritant' respectively. Based on this, K-Means clustering was performed and the entire webtoons were classified into four types. Each type was named 'Snack', 'Drama', 'Irritant', and 'Romance'. For each type of webtoon, we wrote webtoon-sentiment 2-Mode network graphs and looked at the characteristics of the sentiment pattern appearing for each type. In addition, through profiling analysis, we were able to derive meaningful strategic implications for each type of webtoon. First, The 'Snack' cluster is a collection of webtoons that are fast-paced and highly entertaining. Many consumers are interested in these webtoons, but they don't rate them well. Also, consumers mostly use simple expressions of sentiment when talking about these webtoons. Webtoons belonging to 'Snack' are expected to appeal to modern people who want to consume content easily and quickly during short travel time, such as commuting time. Secondly, webtoons belonging to 'Drama' are expected to evoke realistic and everyday sentiments rather than exaggerated and light comic ones. When consumers talk about webtoons belonging to a 'Drama' cluster in online, they are found to express a variety of sentiments. It is appropriate to establish an OSMU(One source multi-use) strategy to extend these webtoons to other content such as movies and TV series. Third, the sentiment pattern map of 'Irritant' shows the sentiments that discourage customer interest by stimulating discomfort. Webtoons that evoke these sentiments are hard to get public attention. Artists should pay attention to these sentiments that cause inconvenience to consumers in creating webtoons. Finally, Webtoons belonging to 'Romance' do not evoke a variety of consumer sentiments, but they are interpreted as touching consumers. They are expected to be consumed as 'healing content' targeted at consumers with high levels of stress or mental fatigue in their lives. The results of this study are meaningful in that it identifies the applicability of consumer sentiment in the areas of recommendation and classification of webtoons, and provides guidelines to help members of webtoons' ecosystem better understand consumers and formulate strategies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.499-510
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this research is to understand interactive learning during docent-led tours in a science museum focusing on scaffolding. We developed a scaffolding framework by collating the work of other researchers in related fields. The results show that scaffolding included three dimensions: purpose, interaction, and domain. The purpose dimension, divided into six categories, is related to the intention of the scaffolder and what the scaffolding are for: strategic, social, procedural, conceptual, verbal, and metacognitive. The interaction dimension reflects students' interaction with the scaffolder in two ways: dynamic (situation specific) and static (planned in advance). The domain dimension is related to two contents: domain-general and domain-specific (such as science). The scaffolding framework was applied to dynamic interactions between docents and visitors. The data was collected from elementary school students' family visits with the guidance of two docents at the Seodaemun Museum of Natural History. The data collected consisted of surveys, interviews, video-recordings, and transcripts. The analysis shows that five guiding contexts and scaffolding phases were recognized; 1) strategic scaffolding in a poorly illustrated exhibit; 2) conceptual scaffolding in a thoroughly explanative exhibit; 3) verbal scaffolding in misleading interpretation; 4) procedural scaffolding in a manipulative exhibit; and 5) metacognitive scaffolding with inaccurate content. In addition, the results show that the docents used the dynamic and static scaffolding synthetically so that the docent-led tour was effective. In conclusion, this study presents the usefulness of understanding visitors' science learning through the scaffolding framework, as well as the how docents can scaffold actively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2000

Background: Exercise is a very common precipitant of asthma. Bronche-constriction associated with exercise can occur in 75~90% of individuals with asthma The estimated prevalence(30~85%) of gastroesophageal reflux(GER) in patients with asthma is significantly higher than in general population. We performed pH monitoring during the exercise in order to evaluate whether exercise induced asthma(EIA) could be related to GER and acid reflux-induced esophagobronchial reflex-mediated bronchospasm might be a factor for EIA. Method: Following an overnight fast, 18 patients with a suspected EIA(6 men, 12 women) were studied. Monitoring of intraesophageal pH, ECG and spirometry was done for 1 hour before treadmill exercise. After baseline monitoring, subjects underwent symptom-limited treadmill exercise with Bruce protocol and continuous monitoring for 60 min after exercise. Spirometry was done at baseline prior to exercise, and repeated every 10 min after full exercise for 60 min. Results: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was noted in 15 patients, who performed MBPT and 12 patients confirmed for bronchial asthma and 3 patients were diagnosed exercise-induced astham. Five of 15 EIA patients demonstrated a pathologic degree of GER. Conclusion: We suggest that GER may be one of pathophysiologic factors of EIA and evoke further concentration on the GER in the EIA patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Asthma is defined as chronic inflammation of the lower small airways, and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is a pathophysiologic feature of asthma. It has been proposed that although there is no direct variable capable of assessing the small airways, a forced expiratory flow of between 25 and 75 percent ($FEF_{25-75}$) might be considered a more sensitive early marker of small airway obstruction than the forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$). Thus, we proposed that the presence and degree of positive responses to bronchial methacholine testing were related to the difference (DFF) and ratio (RFF) between $FEV_1$ and $FEF_{25-75}$ in asthmatic children. Methods : The subjects were 583 symptomatic children, including 324 children with BHR and 259 controls. Pulmonary function tests, methacholine challenge tests, and skin prick tests were performed, and the total eosinophil count, total serum IgE, and serum eosinophil cationic protein level were measured in all subjects. From a concentration-response curve, the methacholine concentration required to produce a decrease of 20% from post-saline $FEV_1$ was calculated ($PC_{20}$). Results : The median DFF and RFF values decreased in controls compared to subjects with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and this trend was found in groups ranked by its severity. $PC_{20}$ had a negative correlation with DFF and RFF. Cutoff values of 0.5 for DFF and 1.042 for RFF were identified, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Conclusion : This study revealed that DFF and RFF might be predictive of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the context of normal $FEV_1$ in children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.8
• /
• pp.842-847
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Measurement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) is usually difficult to obtain in children under six years of age because it requires active cooperation. This study evaluates the sensitivity of impulse oscillometry system (IOS) parameters for detecting airway obstruction in comparison with $FEV_1$. Methods : We studied 174 children who performed the lung function and methacholine challenge tests to diagnose asthma by IOS and spirometry. Children were divided into two subgroups according to their $PC_{20}$, which is a parameter for bronchial sensitivity. We compared IOS parameters with $FEV_1$ at the baseline, post-methacholine challenge, and evaluated their correlation. Results : At the baseline, reactance at 5 Hz (X5) and resistance at 5 Hz (R5) significantly differed between the $PC_{20}$ positive ($PC_{20}{\leq}16mg/mL$) group and $PC_{20}$ negative ($PC_{20}$ >16 mg/mL) group; however, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$ % predicted, $FEV_1_-Zs$ (Z score) did not differ. $FEV_1$ is correlated with X5 (r=0.45, P<0.01) and R5 (r=-0.69, P<0.01). $FEV_1_-Zs$ is also correlated with X5_Zs (r=-0.26, P<0.01) and R5_Zs (r=-0.31, P<0.01). After the methacholine challenge test, dose-response slopes in $FEV_1$ and X5 significantly differed between the two subgroups (P<0.05). Conclusion : IOS parameters were more discriminative than $FEV_1$ for detecting decreased baseline lung function between two subgroups and have a good correlation with $FEV_1$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.273-288
• /
• 2011

Chon-Ashuu copper mining claim area is located, in terms of the geotectonic setting, in the northern part of the suture line which is bounded with the marginal part of Issik-kul micro-continent on the southern part of North Tien-Shan terrane. The geological blocks of Chon-Ashuu districts belong to the southern tip of Kazakhstan orocline. The rock formation of this area are composed of the continental crust or/and arc collage and the paleo-continental fragments-accretionary wedge complex of pre-Altaid orogenic materials. ASI(Alumina Saturation Index) of Paleozoic plutonic rocks in Chon-Ashuu area belong to the peraluminous and metaluminous rocks which were generated from fractional crystallization of Island and volcanic arc crusts in syn-post collisional plate. The geology of the ChonAshuu area consists of upper Proterozoic and Paleozoic rock formations. According to Harker variation diagrams for Chon-Ashuu arenaceous sedimentary rocks, the silty sandstone of Chon-Ashuu area showing the mineralogical immaturity were derived from Island arc or the marginal environments of active continent in Cambro-Carboniferous period. Numerous intrusive rocks of Chon-Ashuu area are distributed along north east trending tectonic structures and are bounded on four sides by the conjugate pattern. The most common type of the plutonic rocks are granodiorite and monzodiorite. According to the molecular normative An-Ab-Or composition (Barker, 1979), the plutonic rocks in Chon-Ashuu area are classified into tonalite - trondhjemite - granodiorite (TTG) series which are an aggregation of rocks which is the country rock of copper mineralization, that are formed by melting of hydrous mafic crust at high pressure.