• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.351-368
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• 2004

Following the previous experiments, a starvation experiment was conducted to determine the influence of feeding and starvation on the histological and biochemical changes, the morphormetric changes in the sectioned body and the morphometric changes in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage and Dabry). The influence of starvation on nutritional conditions of the histological changes of hepatocyte and intestinal epithelium as hepatosmatic index (HSI), protein, RNA and DNA concentrations of liver in R. oxycephalus was tested. Although the starved group showed higher concentrations of protein, DNA and RNA than the fed group, food deprivation resulted in a decrease in the HSI, hepatocyte nucleus size and nuclear height of the intestinal epithelium. The RNA - DNA ratio appears to be a useful index of nutritional status in R. oxycephalus and may be useful for determining if R. oxycephalus is in a period of rapid or slow growth at the time of sampling. Additionally, the data have been interpreted in detail and some biologically important relationships discussed. The effects of starvation on the morphometrical changes in sectioned body traits, condition factor, viscera index and dressing percentage were determined for evaluating nutritional conditions of R. oxycephalus. Starvation for nine weeks resulted in a decrease in most sectioned traits as well as in condition factor and viscera index (P<0.05). These findings suggest that nutritional parameters used in this study appear to be a useful index for nutritional status in this species. The data has been interpreted in detail and some important body sectioned values of interest to commercial growers discussed. A 75-day study was conducted to determine the effect of starvation on classical and truss parameters in R. oxycephalus. Truss dimensions of almost the entire head and trunk region as well as the abdomen were increased significantly through feeding or starvation (P<0.05). Truss dimensions of the caudal region generally decreased through feeding or starvation, particularly those dimensions at the hind part of the trunk. There were some significant decreases in classical dimensions of the head region during feeding, in relation to body depth characteristics in the trunk and caudal region during starvation, whereas there was only one decreasing classical dimension in the caudal region during feeding. The results of this study indicate that application of the truss network as a character set enforces classical coverage across the body form, discrimination among experimental groups thus being enhanced. Considering that the dimension of the lower part of the head and some truss and classical dimensions were least affected by feeding and starvation, these dimensions may then be useful as a taxonomical indicator to discriminate the species of Rhynchocypris sp. The value of trunk region dimensions with a large component of body depth in R. oxycephalus is most likely to be compromised by variability related to differences in feeding regimes of fish in different habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

This study regards a series of achievement on Wonlim(Garden) Cultural Properties Excavation Project, led by field of landscape architecture. It will mainly describe excavation results of Gwiam(龜巖: Turtle rock) and historical value of it in terms of Nakseojae(樂書齋) restoration in Bogil-do Yun,Seondo Wonlim(Scenic Sites, No.34). Gwiam(Turtle rock) was found 14.6m apart from the north of Nakseojae, and it covered with 10~15m topsoil tilted toward Nakseojae, The size of Gwiam, which was Granite, was 360cm length, 270cm width, 95cm high. The Edge of Gwiam's North west part was of triangular shape forming Turtle head. The back of the Turtle head was form of Tortoise-shell because of wide backboard with both side groove. The southeast part of Gwiam projected was Turtle's tail. This Granite was obvious Turtle shape artificially made, and there are less likely to relocate from place to place. This Turtle-shaped Gwiam is important landmark for Nakseojae, which is one of the four spiritual creatures written in Bogildoji(甫吉島識) and Gosanyugo(孤山遺稿) by Yunwi. According to Bogildoji, it is estimated that Gwiam were on the axis with Soeunbyung(小隱屛), Nakseojae and was buried when Yiguan(Gosan's grandson) reconstructed a building. Also, it was place for enjoying the moon. But, Even after three times excavation in Nakseojae, there was no way to identify further information regarding Gwiam, so it was a matter of mystification. As a result of this study, Gwiam is laid bare to light in at least 260 years, so it is good example for boosting importance of landscape architecture field and restoring Nakseojae. Furthermore, firm base-soil was discovered in 135m high Rock Mass below, so natural ground of Nakseojae can be estimated by this basis. To be conclusion, Preservation Process for Gwiam and Estimation Space through interpretation of four spiritual creatures(四靈) in Gosan's Poetry should be continue.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.4-21
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• 2018

This paper reviewed the legitimacy of the name of those sixteen pieces of hat artifacts known in Korean as pyeongjeongmo and currently housed by the National Palace Museum. This was undertaken in order to rectify the error of calling them pyeongjeongmo. Also, the paper suggested pyeongjeongmo's production method to apply representation of the artifacts or production of Joseon officials' hats as representation of ritual costumes in the royal court. The name pyeongjeongmo originated from pyeongjeonggeon. Gyeongguk Daejeon recorded that noksas wore yugak-pyeongjeonggeon and seoris wore mugak-pyeongjeonggeon, but the pyeongjeongmo artifacts housed in the National Palace Museum have been found irrelevant to those pyeongjeonggeons put on by both noksas and seoris. Rather, they has been confirmed as corresponding to dugeon or jogeon worn by byeolgams or suboks who served at the palace of the crown prince or princess. Through the investigation of the artifacts, the researchers could find out the tailoring and sewing methods, the finished look, and the folding manner of pyeongjeonggeon. Although the structure of pyeongjeonggeon was generally consistent, the frontal look was slightly different depending on the folding manner, resulting in three distinguished types of pyeongjeonggeon. Regardless, the pyeongjeongmo was made with one piece of fabric by a flat tailoring and folding method to create a three-dimensional hat. The finished shape appeared low in the front and high in the back side structure. The head girth was 55~59 cm, and the height was 19.4~21.5 cm. To make it with one piece of fabric, the head girth part was tailored in the same direction as the strands. Based on the artifact Changdeok 23820, this paper has also suggested a finished reproduction through the processes of preparing the materials, mounting, making the center ornaments, sewing and folding. The tailoring was completed with black silk fabric which was cut in a unique shape designed in advance, and hemp fabric which was mounted to the former. The top part of the head was finished with black threads, and the center line at the back was fixed with decolored cotton threads by blanket stitches with 3.5~4 cm intervals. Bamboo strands were inserted in the inside of the front-folded part, which then was fixed by patterned stitches with white cotton thread. At the back, a small bamboo clasp was attached so that one can lock it to the headband and prevent it from falling off.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.21-25
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• 2010

Purpose: For better PET imaging with accuracy the transmission scanning is inevitably required for attenuation correction. The attenuation is affected by condition of acquisition and patient position, consequently quantitative accuracy may be decreased in emission scan imaging. In this paper, the present study aims at providing the measurement for attenuation varying with the positions of the patient's arm in whole body PET/CT, further performing the comparative analysis over its SUV changes. Materials and Methods: NEMA 1994 PET phantom was filled with $^{18}F$-FDG and the concentration ratio of insert cylinder and background water fit to 4:1. Phantom images were acquired through emission scanning for 4min after conducting transmission scanning by using CT. In an attempt to acquire image at the state that the arm of the patient was positioned at the lower of ahead, image was acquired in away that two pieces of Teflon inserts were used additionally by fixing phantoms at both sides of phantom. The acquired imaged at a were reconstructed by applying the iterative reconstruction method (iteration: 2, subset: 28) as well as attenuation correction using the CT, and then VOI was drawn on each image plane so as to measure CT number and SUV and comparatively analyze axial uniformity (A.U=Standard deviation/Average SUV) of PET images. Results: It was found from the above phantom test that, when comparing two cases of whether Teflon insert was fixed or removed, the CT number of cylinder increased from -5.76 HU to 0 HU, while SUV decreased from 24.64 to 24.29 and A.U from 0.064 to 0.052. And the CT number of background water was identified to increase from -6.14 HU to -0.43 HU, whereas SUV decreased from 6.3 to 5.6 and A.U also decreased from 0.12 to 0.10. In addition, as for the patient image, CT number was verified to increase from 53.09 HU to 58.31 HU and SUV decreased from 24.96 to 21.81 when the patient's arm was positioned over the head rather than when it was lowered. Conclusion: When arms up protocol was applied, the SUV of phantom and patient image was decreased by 1.4% and 9.2% respectively. With the present study it was concluded that in case of PET/CT scanning against the whole body of a patient the position of patient's arm was not so much significant. Especially, the scanning under the condition that the arm is raised over to the head gives rise to more probability that the patient is likely to move due to long scanning time that causes the increase of uptake of $^{18}F$-FDG of brown fat at the shoulder part together with increased pain imposing to the shoulder and discomfort to a patient. As regarding consideration all of such factors, it could be rationally drawn that PET/CT scanning could be made with the arm of the subject lowered.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.6 s.38
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Facial analysis is used in many applications like face recognition systems, human-computer interface through head movements or facial expressions, model based coding, or virtual reality. In all these applications a very precise extraction of facial feature points are necessary. In this paper we presents a method for automatic extraction of the facial features Points such as mouth corners, eye corners, eyebrow corners. First, face region is detected by AdaBoost-based object detection algorithm. Then a combination of three kinds of feature energy for facial features are computed; valley energy, intensity energy and edge energy. After feature area are detected by searching horizontal rectangles which has high feature energy. Finally, a corner detection algorithm is applied on the end region of each feature area. Because we integrate three feature energy and the suggested estimation method for valley energy and intensity energy are adaptive to the illumination change, the proposed feature extraction method is robust under various conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2785-2791
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• 2015

In this paper, neddle detection algorithm for the removal of needle stuck into skin in oriental clinic is presented. First, in the proposed method, potential candidate areas of each needle are selected by using the morphological open operation in a gray image, and the false candidates are removed by considering their area size. Next, edge points are extracted using canny edge detector in selected candidate areas, line segments are approximated using the edge points. Based on the direction of line segment and the distance between two line segments, two main line segments of the needle are extracted. The final verification of needle is accomplished by using the morphological analysis of these two line segments. In the experiments, the detection rate of proposed method reaches to 97.5% for the 16 images containing 119 needles.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2000

A total of 28 Laemonema nana larvae, 1.4~10.5 BL (body length), were collected by bongo net and trawl-shaped fish larvae net in the coastal area of Cheju Island during 1998~1999. This species was found in around sea of Cheju Island, Korea Strait and southwestern East Sea. This paper describes morphological features of these specimens throughout their development. 1) The soft ray of fin appeared at about 4.5 mm BL and attained to a fixed number at about 6.8 mm BL. 2) There were two large pigments in the head of larvae less than 4 mm BL. 3) A large pigment in the middle of tail appeared at about 2 mm BL was spread to the caudal peduncle at about 9 mm BL. 4) Two large pigment in the base of anal fin appeared at about 2 mm BL were spread out 2/3 of anal fin to caudal fin at about 9 mm BL. 5) A new Korean name "Chal-Bun-Su-Yum-Dae-Gu" is proposed for this species.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.62-78
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• 2002

In this paper, we describe a system that can interact with agents in the virtual space incorporated in the system. This system is constructed by an analysis system for analyzing human gesture and an interact system for interacting with agents in the virtual space using analyzed information. An implemented analysis system for analyzing gesture extracts a head and hands region after taking image sequence of an operator's continuous behavior using CCD cameras. In interact system, we construct the virtual space that exist an avatar which incarnating operator himself, an autonomous object (like a Puppy), and non-autonomous objects which are table, door, window and object. Recognized gesture is transmitted to the avatar in the virtual space, then transit to next state based on state transition diagram. State transition diagram is represented in a graph in which each state represented as node and connect with link. In the virtual space, the agent link an avatar can open and close a window and a door, grab or move an object like a ball, order a puppy to do and respond to the Puppy's behavior as does the puppy.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.162-170
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• 2013

In recent years, the interests and needs of the Pedestrian Protection System (PPS), which is mounted on the vehicle for the purpose of traffic safety improvement is increasing. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian candidate window extraction and unit cell histogram based HOG descriptor calculation methods. At pedestrian detection candidate windows extraction stage, the bright ratio of pedestrian and its circumference region, vertical edge projection, edge factor, and PCA reconstruction image are used. Dalal's HOG requires pixel based histogram calculation by Gaussian weights and trilinear interpolation on overlapping blocks, But our method performs Gaussian down-weight and computes histogram on a per-cell basis, and then the histogram is combined with the adjacent cell, so our method can be calculated faster than Dalal's method. Our PCA reconstruction error based pedestrian detection candidate window extraction method efficiently classifies background based on the difference between pedestrian's head and shoulder area. The proposed method improves detection speed compared to the conventional HOG just using image without any prior information from camera calibration or depth map obtained from stereo cameras.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.348-353
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• 2012

This paper presents the HRTF based experimental approach to figure out why the human auditory perception on the interior noise source including the directional tonal components does not well match with the dominant features extracted from recorded acoustic signals in terms of psycho-acoustics. Since the general objective evaluation models for tonalness among various sound attributes are a function of width, frequency, excessive level of tonal components respectively, the directional tonal components cannot be properly evaluated without considering the effects of head-related transfer function on the binaural auditory perception. Thus, the directivity of source is additionally considered to prevent the erroneous conclusions from the same sound source in the process of source identification. The signal synthesis technique is used to solve a little difficulty in measuring all of desired acoustic signals for jury evaluation. The sound attributes of synthetic acoustics signals are analyzed to roughly predict the results of jury evaluation in advance by using sound quality factors such as loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation strength and tonality. The jury evaluation is carefully conducted based on the recommended guideline suggested by N. Ottoet al. Each sound is respectively evaluated by selecting a value between -2 and 2 in intervals of 0.2 point. Through above procedure, based on the results of jury evaluation, it is confirmed that serious problems can be caused in the process of analyzing the dominant sound attributes in terms of psycho-acoustics according to the type of a microphone and a playback system.