• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1999

The responsibility of keeping and caring of unearthed cultural properties belongs to the National Museum according to cultural properties protection law(law No.3644). So unearthed cultural properties are possessed by the museum after going through the regular course. Number of those cultural properties is increasing swiftly. Every year more than ten thousand units of cultural properties are unearthed. The number of unearthed cultural properties is expected to increase in the future. Howeve, the keeping facilities of the National Museum are already over-saturated. So many unearthed cultural properties are being entrusted to university museums that have bad facilities and few personnel. It makes many problems including inadequate caring. More pressing problem is that those cultural properties are not under the protection of scientific conservation processing and caring. The reason is that there are so few conservation scientists in Korea. There is no independent department of conservation science even in the National Museum, where only five members are working as conservation experts. To solve those problems, new system and organization which win take charge of conservation and care of cultural properties, that is, an organization which will consist of scientific keeping facilities and expert personnel (conservation scientists) is needed immediately.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.4-15
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• 2013

The study of corrosion products generated by archaeological bronzes that have been buried for a long time can provide certain evidence that enables us to understand the natural corrosion process of bronze and helps us develop conservation and preservation methods. In the present study, the specimens taken from two bronze mirrors and three bronze swords were used to study the corrosion morphology and the related phenomena such as selective corrosion of ${\alpha}$ or ${\alpha}+{\delta}$ phases, decuprification, destannification, and secondary copper. Furthermore, corrosion development was discussed based on the ions distributed throughout the corrosion layers.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.22-43
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• 2016

State Ownership of Excavated Cultural Heritage System was originated from the legislations concerning cultural objects during the Japanese colonial period (1910~1945) and was succeeded by the present Buried Cultural Properties Act enacted in 2011. Despite the importance of the system that completes the outcomes of excavations and determines the state-owned cultural properties, the foundation of national heritage, it has been limitedly regarded as administrative area and neglected by the academic scholars or policy researchers. Recently the traditional culture has drawn increasing domestic interest and awareness that the cultural heritage contributes to building cultural identity and vitalizing tourism has led to increasing the demand of a local government's role in management of the state-designated cultural heritage and even fighting for hegemony in securing the cultural objects between the central and local governments. Despite the continuing efforts for improving the selection process of cultural heritage and its management institution, establishment of an advanced objective system has been requested. This paper is intended to suggest the policy direction through demonstrating the problem and assignment caused in the process of implementing the Buried Cultural Properties Act and reviews the State Ownership of Excavated Cultural Heritage System from the legal point of view accordingly. First, I suggest improving the selection process of the state-owned cultural properties. Even though current law states that Administrator of Cultural Heritage Administration reviews the research reports and selects the possible candidates for the state-owned cultural properties almost all the cultural objects listed on the reports are practically selected. In this regard, two possible resolutions can be made; newly establishing a separate process for selecting the state-owned cultural properties after publishing the report or adding the selection process of the state-owned cultural properties during the heritage selection meeting. Either way should contribute to strengthening the impartiality and objectivity of the policy. My second suggestion is improving the operating system of the heritage selection meeting in which the cultural properties to be listed on the reports are determined. Given the present extensive assessment criteria, there is much room for certain experts' subjective opinions. Therefore, in order to enhance the fairness and credibility of the heritage selection meeting, specifying the assessment criteria and advance review of the expert list are necessary. Third, this paper suggests increasing the local government's role in management of the state-owned cultural heritage and diversifying the heritage management institution. Development of a local self-governing system has led to the increased demand for delegating the authority of the state-owned heritage management to the local governments. Along with this, the gradual improvements of public museum management raises the need for expanding the cultural benefits through increasing the local government's role in management of the state-owned heritage. Considering the fact that overall majority of the art collections housed at national or public museums is owned by the central government, developing a variety of heritage contents and vitalizing the heritage tourism are crucial. The true meaning and value of the state-owned cultural heritage hidden at the storage of a museum can be found when they are shared together with the public.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.40-44
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• 1999

기록이 없는 과거 역사에 대한 연구는 문화재라는 간접적인 자료를 통하여 이루어지고 있다. 지금까지의 문화재 연구는 외형적인 특성을 연구하는 고고학이나 미술사의 분야만으로 국한하였으나 점차 내형적인 특성을 연구하는 과학적인 분석기술도 다양하게 응용되고 있다. 문화재의 특성적 성분을 분석하여 원료, 제작방법, 시대, 그리고 지역으로 그룹화한다면 문화재의 특성과 함께 지역, 시대에 따른 문화적 형태와 수준, 그리고 문화의 유입 경로 등에 대한 자료를 제시할 수 있다. 분 연구에서는 유리나 도자기 유약 등의 문화재를 분석할 경우에 대한 SEM-EDS의 정량분석 조건들을 설정하고 경남 김해 양동리고분에서 출토된 고대 유리구슬에 대하여 직접 적용하여 보았다. 분석 결과, 매장되었던 고대 유리에서는 풍화층이 존재하며 이에 대한 분석조건과 정량분석의 문제점들을 고찰하였다. 이를 기초로 하여 적용한 양동리고분의 유리구슬은 알칼리계 유리로 칼리계 유리는 AD 1C, 소다계 유리는 AD 2C말$\sim$3C초부터 나타난 것으로 추정된다. 그리고 유리의 색상은 전이금속 동(Cu), 철(Fe), 그리고 망간(Mn)의 함유량과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 보인다. 이 분석 결과에 따라 고대 유리구슬의 성분 함유량이 원료, 색상, 유구편년, 그리고 지역에 따라 그룹이 형성될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Quaternary Association Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.16-19
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.240-253
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• 2019

Archaeological heritages are precious cultural relics and public assets that must be preserved, conserved, and shared with people all over the world. Investigating archaeological heritage is valuable and plays an important role for the public good; our ancestors' cultures can be restored, and it helps with developing a clear understanding of the cultural and social aspects of a historical period as well as teaches about historical factors unreported in the literature. One of the most basic and important conditions necessary for recognizing the value and importance of archaeological heritage investigation, expertise, and quality improvement is to establish detailed criteria for investigation services and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage. Observation of detailed criteria and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage can partially demonstrate society's recognition of strengthening transparency, public property, and the objectivity of the investigation of archaeological heritage. However, the detailed criteria for investigation services and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage currently implemented as administrative rules are neither followed by all institutes in the public and private sectors nor the government. Thus, there are serious problems in terms of the effectiveness and stability of institutions. The detailed criteria for the qualification examination breach the principle of statutory reservation, the principle of statutory regulation, and regulations on the announcement and management of orders and rules. Non-compliance with compensation criteria for investigation services or with detailed criteria for the qualification examination of archaeological heritage will be one of the reasons for the failure of the investigation foundation for archaeological heritage in the future. That is, it will result in the expansion, reproduction, and repetition of a vicious cycle of conflict between developers, who are the decision-makers responsible for selecting an investigating organization for archaeological heritage and determining the cost, and investigating organizations. This includes the impractical shortening of investigation periods and reducing costs by developers, distrust of the values and the importance of investigations of archaeological heritage, a decrease in quality, accidents caused by a lack of safety, a lack of occupational ethics, and non-recruitment of new experts, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to change the structure from a vicious cycle to a virtuous cycle, and promote the enactment of regulations that will ensure effectiveness and stability in the process of attaining the goals of the institution and application of the institution, as well as the continuous advancement of work to fill the gaps with reality.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.35
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• pp.58-81
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• 2002

This article exemines YEON-GA(煙家), a kind of chimney head cover, made and used during the Baekjae Period. YEON-GA was recently excavated in Buyo and Iksan, and it generally accepted as a kind of pottery stand. However, this paper will argue that it functioned as a chimney head cover during the Baekjae Period. The design of YEON-GA is the lotus flower bud which were popular during the Sabi-Baekjae Period.It seems highly likely that it functioned to ornament a chimney head and to send up smoke smoothly. It was also found that, beside a chimnery head cover, a chimney body was made and used. It is very difficult to trace the origin of YEON-GA but it seems that it had been used until the Chosun Dynasty, based on the historical documents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.120-125
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 통계적 분류방법을 이용하여 문화재 자료의 분석을 수행하였다. 분류방법으로는 선형판별분석, 로지스틱회귀분석, 의사결정나무분석, 신경망분석, SVM분석을 사용하였다. 각각의 분류방법에 대한 개념 및 이론에 대해 간략히 소개하고, 실제자료 분석에서는 "지역별 문화재 통계분석 및 모형개발 연구 1차(2008)"에 사용된 자료 중 익산시 자료를 근거로 매장문화재에 대한 분류방법별 적합모형을 구축하였다. 구축된 모형과 모의실험의 결과를 통해 각각의 적합모형에 대한 비교를 수행하여 모형의 성능을 비교하였다. 분석에 사용된 도구로는 최근 가장 관심을 갖는 R-project를 사용하였다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.821-830
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• 2021

The weapons excavated from the de-militarized zones (DMZ) of Korea are vulnerable to corrosion due to the immediate and drastic environmental change. Especially, the chloride ions (Cl^-) in iron weapons cause active corrosion and require removal. In this study, conservation treatment and de-salination was performed for the discovered weapons from excavation sites of soldiers killed in action during the Korean War. Furthermore, an attempt was made to prepare the most stable plan for conservation treatment through the comparative study of soaking weapons in distilled water without chemicals and in a solution of sodium (SSC) at different temperatures. In the preliminarily experiments, the comparison of the eluted Cl^- ions according to different conditions of de-salination showed that the highest number of ions were detected from the de-salination with SSC at a temperature of 100℃, and its duration was much smaller, i.e., 1~2 weeks. Accordingly, for the parts from the guns and rifles amongst other objects, a six-time de-salination was conducted in the SSC solution for 8 hours at 100℃ and subsequently, for 16 hours at room temperature during which the distilled water and SSC were exchanged every week. However, in the case of a loaded rifle, the de-salination was not conducted, considering the risk that the high temperature and pressure by impregnation in vacuum could cause an explosion

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.6 no.2 s.8
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• pp.100-109
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• 1997

General aspects of the scientific conservation of buried cultural properties were reviewed. Thus, instrumental survey of buried cultural properties, scientific conservation of excavated artifacts, (especially. the first aid treatments of the excavated artifacts at the excavation site) and scientific conservation of the excavated remains (conservation at the site or at transition sites) were treated in outline.