Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
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A Study on Conservation and Desalination for Iron Weapons During the Korean War from DMZ

비무장지대 한국전쟁 전사자 유해발굴 수습 철제 총기류의 보존처리와 탈염처리 방법 고찰

  • Jo, Ha Nui (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Nam, Do Hyeon (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kim, Mi Hyun (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Jae Sung (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 조하늬 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 남도현 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 김미현 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 이재성 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터)
  • Received : 2021.10.18
  • Accepted : 2021.12.09
  • Published : 2021.12.20
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Abstract

The weapons excavated from the de-militarized zones (DMZ) of Korea are vulnerable to corrosion due to the immediate and drastic environmental change. Especially, the chloride ions (Cl-) in iron weapons cause active corrosion and require removal. In this study, conservation treatment and de-salination was performed for the discovered weapons from excavation sites of soldiers killed in action during the Korean War. Furthermore, an attempt was made to prepare the most stable plan for conservation treatment through the comparative study of soaking weapons in distilled water without chemicals and in a solution of sodium (SSC) at different temperatures. In the preliminarily experiments, the comparison of the eluted Cl- ions according to different conditions of de-salination showed that the highest number of ions were detected from the de-salination with SSC at a temperature of 100℃, and its duration was much smaller, i.e., 1~2 weeks. Accordingly, for the parts from the guns and rifles amongst other objects, a six-time de-salination was conducted in the SSC solution for 8 hours at 100℃ and subsequently, for 16 hours at room temperature during which the distilled water and SSC were exchanged every week. However, in the case of a loaded rifle, the de-salination was not conducted, considering the risk that the high temperature and pressure by impregnation in vacuum could cause an explosion

비무장지대에서 수습한 총기류 유품은 매장된 상태로 있다가 출토되는 순간 급격한 환경변화로 인해 부식에 취약하다. 특히 철제 총기류에 있어서 활성부식을 일으키는 염소이온(Cl-)은 반드시 제거되어야 하지만 근현대에 제작되었다는 재질 특성과 매장기간을 고려하였을 때 고고유물과 동일한 탈염조건을 적용하는 것은 어려움이 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 비무장지대 내 6·25 한국전쟁 전사자 유해발굴 현장에서 수습한 총기류를 대상으로 보존처리와 탈염 실험을 실시하였으며, 탈염 실험은 탈이온수와 소디움 세스퀴카보네이크 용액에 온도별로 침적시키는 방법을 서로 비교하여 가장 안정적인 보존방안을 모색하였다. 탈염 실험을 통해 탈염처리 방법에 따른 염소이온의 추출정도를 비교 실험한 결과, 100℃ 소디움 세스퀴카보네이트에서 가장 많은 용출량을 보였으며 탈염기간이 1~2주로 매우 짧은 결과를 보였다. 따라서 나머지 유품 중 총신과 방아틀 뭉치는 100℃로 가열하여 8시간, 상온에서 16시간씩 매주 1회 약품을 교체하는 방법으로 총 6회 탈염처리를 실시하였다. 그러나 탄약이 장전된 총신의 경우 탈염처리 시 고온 및 진공함침으로 인한 압력으로 폭발의 위험성을 고려하여 탈염처리와 진공함침 강화처리를 실시하지 않았다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 국립문화재연구소 문화유산조사연구(R&D) 『무기질문화재 보존처리』 및 조사 연구과제의 일환으로 수행되었다.

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