• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.813-826
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• 2023

Organization members often use the Internet for non-work purposes during work hours, which is called cyberloafing. Certain types of cyberloafing (e.g., webhard, adult, and gambling sites access) can be a major cause of malware infection, which can ultimately generate significant damages to organizations. It therefore is important to examine the relationship between cyberloafing and cybersecurity risks of organizations. We analyzed log data from an internet filtering system of a financial institute and found that the more employees access to blacklist sites, the higher the possibility of malicious code infection. In other words, cyberloafing increases cybersecurity risks of organizations. We suggest that organizations need to monitor and control their members' internet use in an appropriate way.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.239-247
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• 2023

The FIDIC Red Book is an international standard contract condition in which the Employer designs and the Contractor performs the construction. The Engineer of FIDIC Red Book shall agree or determine any matter or Claim in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.7 neutrally, not as an agent of the Employer. This study aimed to derive Key Risk Sub-Clauses out of 49 Sub-Clauses that the Engineer of FIDIC Red Book recently revised in 18 years shall agree or determine according to Sub-Clause 3.7 using the Delphi method. A panel of 35 experts with more than 10 years of experience and expertise in international construction contracts was formed, and through total three Delphi surveys, errors and biases were prevented in the judgment process to improve reliability. As for the research method, 49 Sub-Clauses that engineers shall agree on or determine according to Sub-Clause 3.7 of the FIDIC Red Book were investigated through the analysis of contract conditions. In order to evaluate the probability and impact of contractual risk for each 49 Sub-Clause, the Delphi survey conducted repeatedly a closed-type survey three times on a Likert 10-point scale. The results of the first Delphi survey were delivered during the second survey, and the results of the second survey were delivered to the third survey, which was re-evaluated in the direction of increasing the consensus of experts' opinions. The reliability of the Delphi 3rd survey results was verified with the COV value of the coefficient of variation. The PI Risk Matrix was applied to the average value of risk probability and impact of each of the 49 Sub-Clauses and finally, 9 Key Risk Sub-Clauses that fell within the extreme risk range were derived.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.45-53
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• 2012

Recently, with achieved US$ 500 Billion international cumulative construction order, the Korean government presented overseas construction industry visions for international orders of US$ 100 Billion and entering the top five countries in global construction market. Also, Korean companies are developing strategies for expansion of international markets. However, ODA loan projects are low risk for the Korea Construction companies trying to advance their overseas business. This study provides data-based advice on securing competence for Korean construction companies entering the global market through the ODA loan projects. To analysis construction firm's competitiveness for ODA loan project, FGD was utilized and BSA model was applied to the valuable analysis. Competencies highly assessed were construction quality control, relationship building through high-level diplomatic activities, and project management. Competencies requiring urgent improvement were handling risks of local countries, financing projects, and developing know-how within participating companies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.439-448
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• 2019

There are various factors affecting the success and failure of an apartment building project. However, after the unit sale price has been determined and the sale has started, the most important factor affecting on the project is the initial sales ratio for one month after the sale. Generally, developers predict an initial sales ratio by various data such as economic situation, the trend of the housing market, and the house price near the business place. However, it is very difficult for these factors to be calculated quantitatively in connection with the initial sales ratio. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a regression model for forecasting the initial sales ratio of apartment building projects. For this study, pre-sales data collection, correlation analysis between influencing factors, and regression model development are performed sequentially. The results of this study are used as basic data for predicting the initial sales ratio in the feasibility analysis of apartment building projects and are used as key data for the development of the risk management model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.354-354
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• 2023

최근 기후변화로 인해 전 지구적인 기후 특성이 변화하고 있으며, 기후 특성의 변화는 수문순환에도 큰 영향을 미친다. IPCC (Intergorvernmental Panel on Climate Change) 6차 기후변화 평가 보고서(2022)에 의하면 AR5 (Assessment Report 5)와 비교해 AR6 (Assessment Report 6)에서는 높은 신뢰도로 기후변화 영향의 범위 및 규모는 보다 확대되었으며, 단기적인 리스크로 극한기후 현상의 빈도와 강도 및 기간이 증가할 것으로 예측하였다. 또한, 중장기적인 리스크로 하천 유량의 규모와 관련한 극한 현상의 변화에 따라 수자원 관리 측면에서 어려움을 겪을 것으로 전망하였다. 위와 같은 기후변화에 대응하기 위해 국내에서는 기후변화와 관련된 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 국내 기후변화 관련 연구로는 ArcSWAT 모형을 활용한 RCP4.5, RCP8.5 시나리오 기반 미래 유출량 추정에 관한 연구와, SWAT, IHACRES, GR4J 모형을 이용한 용담댐 유역의 미래기간 유출량 변화 모의, SWAT과 VIC 모형을 활용한 미래 저유량 예측 시 관측 자료와 비교해 모형이 가지는 불확실성 평가 등 기후변화 영향을 평가 및 예측하기 위한 연구는 활발히 진행 중이다. 하지만, 최근 연구의 주요 동향은 유출 모형을 활용한 미래 유출량 모의에 초점이 맞추어져 있으며, 관측 자료를 통한 기후변화 평가 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한반도 5대 수계(한강, 금강, 낙동강, 영산강, 섬진강) 유량 관측소의 실측 유량을 활용해 과거기간의 기후변화에 따른 유출특성의 변화와, 미래기후변화 시나리오 자료를 활용한 미래기간 유출특성의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 인자로 연 유출량, 1일 최대 유출량, 상위 90%에 해당하는 유출량, 하위 10%에 해당하는 유출량 등을 연도별로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 연도별 총 유출량의 큰 변화는 없지만, 홍수 기간의 첨두유량이 증가하는 동시에 갈수 기간 또한 빈도와 규모가 증가하는 양극화 현상이 진행되고 있음을 확인하였다.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.10-17
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• 2011

Recently, electricity industry is facing high market uncertainty which has ever had and which increase risks in power market. In this study, we analyze risk factors such as discount rates, initial investment (overnight cost), plant factor, fuel cost, carbon price, etc, for the perspective of investor. For the analysis of risk factors, we used LCOE method. The results of this study show that renewable energy is more affected by plant factor and overnight cost than other risk factors. First, Renewable energy has higher proportion of overnight cost in the total investment than that of other technologies. Second, renewable energy is free of fuel cost and carbon price so plant factor is the most important factor, in other words, competitiveness of renewable energy depends on plant factor. Furthermore, we conducted economic feasibility of wind power and PV in domestic case study. The minimum requirement condition to get profitability is that plant factor 15% and overnight cost \6,000,000/kW and 26%, \2,200,000/kW for PV and Wind Power, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.681-690
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• 2014

It is known that sewer problems are the major causes of road cave-in. The objective of this study is to analyze the risk of road cave-in due to storm sewer laterals. We investigated 174 storm sewer laterals using a zoom camera at O-dong area in Seoul. The causes of road cave-in were classified into five cases: breakage of rigid pipe, deformation of flexible pipe, out of pipeline alignment, changing pipe material or changing pipe diameter, and a poor linkage between lateral and sewer. In addition, all defects were sorted into five grades based on the severity rating at storm sewer laterals. In this study, the most fragile pipe materials were found to be concrete pipe and polyethylene pipe, which recorded 2.3 and 1.69 defect rates. With regard to the causes of road cave-in, deformation of flexible pipe has a large influence on road cave-in at present. On a long-term basis, the two causes, out of pipeline alignment and a poor linkage between lateral and sewer, could have more influence on road cave-in.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

In the Heckman-Meyers model, which is frequently referred by IAA, Swiss Solvency Test, EU Solvency II, the assumption of parameter distribution is key factor. While in theory Bayesian analysis somewhat reflects parameter uncertainty using prior distribution, it is often the case where both Heckman-Meyers and Bayesian are necessary to better manage the parameter uncertainty. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of Bayesian H-M CRM, a combination of Heckman-Meyers model and Bayesian, and analyzes its efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.49-60
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• 2013

The plan for major design-build projects of railway link among countries in gulf area (GCC) and freight rail construction is recently announced, but Korean companies have a hard time tendering due to special geotechnical condition in the Middle East. The major geotechnical risks during railway construction in the Middle East are related to ground improvement of soft Sabkha ground, wind-blown sand mitigation measure, dune sand compaction, and construction of large-scale cut and embankment. In this study, the characteristics of special geotechnical condition and potential geotechnical risks during railway construction in the Middle East are discussed on the basis of field observation, literature review, and field and laboratory test results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.238-239
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• 2019

Cyber attacks can be caused by all equipment that perform communication functions, and the link between ship and land due to the development of communication technology means that the ship sector as well as the land sector can be easily exposed to cyber threat vulnerability. In this paper, we analyze cyber threat trend changes to identify cyber security vulnerabilities in the maritime sector and propose measures to enhance cyber security through other industry case studies.