• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2012.10a
• /
• pp.997-999
• /
• 2012

Digital X-ray image detector is widely used for radiodiagnosis. Amorphous selenium has been received attention as one of the major material that confirmed photoconductor of direct methode detector. We analysis the photocurrent using 2-dimensional device simulator when blue-ray (${\lambda}=486nm$) is irradiated and high voltage is biased. We evaluate electron-hole generation rate, electron-hole recombination rate, and electron/hole distribution in the amorphous selenium. This simulation methode is helpful to the analysis of digital X-ray image detector. We expect that many applications will be developed in digital X-ray image detector using 2-dimensional device simulator.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2009

Noise evaluation for an image has been performed by root mean square (RMS) granularity, autocorrelation function (ACF), and Wiener spectrum. RMS granularity stands for standard deviation of photon data and ACF is acquired by integration of 1 D function of distance variation. Fourier transform of ACF results in noise power spectrum which is called Wiener spectrum in image quality evaluation. Wiener spectrum represents noise itself. In addition, along with MTF, it is an important factor to produce detective quantum efficiency (DQE). The proposed evaluation method using Wiener spectrum is expected to contribute to educate the concept of Wiener spectrum in educational organizations, choose the appropriate imaging detectors for clinical applications, and maintain image quality in digital imaging systems.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.98-101
• /
• 2002

대조도와 관용도사이의 손실 교환은 투사 방사선 촬영에 있어서 잘 알려져 있고 또한 오랫동안 지속되어온 영상의 질에 있어서의 제약이었다. 전자적인 영상획득의 도입으로 한 영상 내에 넓은 영역의 X-Tay 노출을 포획하는 것이 가능해 졌다. 그러나, 진단에 필요한 세부영역 들을 위해 적절한 대조도를 유지하는 반면, 일반적으로 기대되는 관용도 범위 이외의 정보가 시각화 되어지는 것과 같은 영상의 rendering과 displaying의 문제가 남아 있었다. 이 문서에 묘사되는 EVP(Enhanced Visualization Processing)는 이 문제를 중점적으로 다룬다. 방대한 진단용 CR 영상 데이터베이스로부터 선택된 14개의 검사유형 당 각각 5개의 영상들을 포함한, 총 70개의 영상들을 사용하여 임상 보고서가 제출되었다. 각 영상에 대해, control rendering은 현재 개발되어 있는 automatic tone scaling algorithm(자동 톤 스케일 알고리즘)에 의해 생성되었고, test rendering은 그 control of image에 EVP를 인가함에 의해 생성되었다. 10명의 radiologist들은 각자 개별적으로 140개의 이미지들(70개의 test renderings와 70개의 control renderings)을 9점의 진단 상의 품질 척도로 평가했다. EVP는 세부 대조도의 부당한 손실 없이 증가된 노출 관용도를 제공했다. 많은 영상에서 EVP는 과소 투과 영역에서의 정보의 손실을 줄여주고, 반면 과다 투과 영역의 밝게 빛나는 현상을 실제적으로 감소시켰다. 진단상의 품질 평가는 EVP image와 control image 모두 평균적으로 높았다. 그럼에도 EVP images의 평균 등위는 control image의 그것보다 1 단계 완전히 높은 범위에 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 쌍으로 그 영상들을 보면, EVP images의 76%가 일치하는 control images의 평가 단계보다 1 또는 그 이상 높은 범주인 것으로 평가되었고, 반면 control image의 6% 만이 일치하는 EVP 영상보다 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 유사한 결과가 연구된 14개의 검사유형에 대해 획득되었다.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2003

디지털 영상 검출기와 디스플레이 기술의 발달과 의료영상전달시스템(PACS)의 출현은 전통적 필름방식에 비하여 디지털 방식으로 방사선과 영상을 획득하고 전송, 저장하는 매우 효과적인 수단을 제공하고 있다. 2002년 8월, 연세의료원 세브란스병원은 진단 영상 판독 목적으로 18 대의 CRT(Braco View, Belgium)와 32대의 평판 LCD(Totoku Electric Co., Ltd., Japan) 디스플레이 장치를 GE full-PACS(GE 메디칼시스템코리아 : GEMSK)와 연계하여 설치 완료하였다. 본 연구에서, 기하학적 왜곡, 반사, 휘도 반응, 휘도 균일도, 분해능, 노이즈,베일링 글레어, 칼라 균일도 항목들을 AAPM TG18 보고서 9.0에 따라서 시각적 그리고 부분적으로는 정량적인 방법으로 인수검사를 실시하여 보고한다. 사용된 장비는 색도계로도 사용되는 간편한 휘도계, TG18 테스트 패던, AAPM Tg18 AT plug-in software(Barco View Ltd., Kortrijk, Belgium)이었다. 칼라 균일도를 제외한 모든 테스트 결과는 AAPM TG18에서 권고하는 기준에 일치하였으며 진단 영상 판독에 사용하기에 전적으로 수락할 수 있는 성능이었다. 결론으로, 사용된 인수검사는 단지 인수 검사 표준을 제공하는 것 뿐만 아니라 품질검사(QC)의 지침, 판독 환경의 최적화 그리고 교체 시기나 업그레이드 시기를 결정하여주는 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.90-98
• /
• 2003

Purpose : A new virtual simulation technique for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) that uses a CT-simulator was developed to improve the accuracy of field and shielding placement as well as patient positioning. Materials and Methods : A CT simulator (CT-SIM) and a 3-D conformal radiation treatment planning system (3D-CRT) were used to develop CSI. The head and neck were immobilized with a thermoplastic mask while the rest of the body was immobilized with a Vac-Loc. A volumetric image was then obtained with the CT simulator. In order to improve the reproducibility of the setup, datum lines and points were marked on the head and body. Virtual fluoroscopy was performed with the removal of visual obstacles, such as the treatment table or immobilization devices. After virtual simulation, the treatment isocenters of each field were marked on the body and on the immobilization devices at the conventional simulation room. Each treatment fields was confirmed by comparing the fluoroscopy images with the digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) and digitally composited radiography (DCR) images from virtual simulation. Port verification films from the first treatment were also compared with the DRR/DCR images for geometric verification. Results : We successfully performed virtual simulations on 11 CSI patients by CT-SIM. It took less than 20 minutes to affix the immobilization devices and to obtain the volumetric images of the entire body. In the absence of the patient, virtual simulation of all fields took 20 min. The DRRs were in agreement with simulation films to within 5 mm. This not only reducee inconveniences to the patients, but also eliminated position-shift variables attendant during the long conventional simulation process. In addition, by obtaining CT volumetric image, critical organs, such as the eyes and the spinal cord, were better defined, and the accuracy of the port designs and shielding was improved. Differences between the DRRs and the portal films were less than 3 m in the vertebral contour. Conclusion : Our analysis showed that CT simulation of craniospinal fields was accurate. In addition, CT simulation reduced the duration of the patient's immobility. During the planning process. This technique can improve accuracy in field placement and shielding by using three-dimensional CT-aided localization of critical and target structures. Overall, it has improved staff efficiency and resource utilization by standard protocol for craniospinal irradiation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.289-299
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the quality of digital X-ray imaging system. The image quality evaluation was conducted By using Modulation transfer function indicating the quantitative resolution of the image and the noise power spectrum showing the noise characteristics. Using a IEC61267 radiation quality was applied to the geometry to be used in clinical and geometry presented in IEC62220-1 and Additional filter, grid, the clinical dose and the MTF value of edge phantom was measured. Result of the MTF corresponding to each item(Grid, Filter, SID, kVp, mAs), the clinical condition 100cm, 180cm, measurements of the spatial frequency of the MTF IEC62220-1Geometry 150cm became similarly apparent, rather spatial frequency was also the case high in clinical conditions 100cm. NPS results, as the dose(mAs) is increased, NPS showed that reduced. The image quality evaluation using IEC61267 the Radiation quality, Image quality of the video using the clinical conditions Geometry than image quality evaluation using IEC62220-1Geometry was better. It shows that MTF and NPC in IEC and clinical condition were not significantly different. In order to apply the evaluation method of image quality applied with clinical conditions rather than the future method, to be presented evaluation of IEC standard, based on the results of the image characterization studies in this paper, the methods that shows good quality of spatial resolution and decrease NPS value as the least dose, used suitable parameters for whether or not using added filter, grid, change SID and clinical quality(kVp), dose(mAs) etc should be found. then It is believed to be able to properly maintain the actual quality of the image of the digital radiographic imaging system in clinical.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 1996

DICOM 표준은 의학 영상 장비를 Network으로 연결하여 사용을 원하는 사용자의 욕구를 충족시키기 위하여 만들어 졌다. 이것은 영상 장비가 출력하는 정보의 표준화를 통하여 영상 정보는 물론 환자 및 검사 정보 교환을 가능케 하여 장비의 효율적인 운용을 목표로하고 있다. 이런 목적외에도 장기 저장 매체의 저장 방식 및 지원되는 영상 장비의 개념을 확대하여 기존의 방사선과 장비는 물론, Endoscopy, Pathology, 및 Dematology를 포함하는 포괄적 영상 장비 연동을 위한 표준화 작업이 진행중에 있다. 본문에서는 DICOM 표준을 적용하여 시스템간의 연동을 구현한 사례로 PACS 와 RIS 연동과 같은 Text-based 연동과 DICOM Gateway를 사용하여 서로 다른 시스템간의 Image 연동을 위한 Image-based 연동으로 구분하여 예를 들었다. 결론적으로 DICOM 표준을 사용하면 서로 다른 형태의 영상 정보를 가지는 장비들를 Network으로 연결하여 정보 전달이 가능해 지고 이와 같은 연동은 서로 다른 시스템의 정보의 무결성을 보장하며 정보의 중복 저장을 방지할수 있게 되어 전체 시스템의 운용 효율을 증가 시킬수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.167-171
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we present an algorithm to extract features about disease region in digital stomach images. For feature extraction, DCT coefficients of gastrointestinal imaging matrix was obtained. DCT coefficent matrix is concentrated energy in low frequency region, we were extracted 128 feature parameters in low frequency region. Extracted feature parameters can using for differential compression of PACS and, can using for input parameter in CAD.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.202-209
• /
• 2004

Flat panel based digital radiography (DR) systems have recently become useful and important in the field of diagnostic radiology. For DRs with amorphous silicon photosensors, CsI(TI) is normally used as the scintillator, which produces visible light corresponding to the absorbed radiation energy. The visible light photons are converted into electric signal in the amorphous silicon photodiodes which constitute a two dimensional array. In order to produce good quality images, detailed behaviors of DR detectors to radiation must be studied. The relationship between air exposure and the DR outputs has been investigated in many studies. But this relationship was investigated under the condition of the fixed tube voltage. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the DR outputs and X-ray in terms of the absorbed energy in the detector rather than the air exposure using SPEC-l8, an X-ray energy spectrum model. Measured exposure was compared with calculated exposure for obtaining the inherent filtration that is a important input variable of SPEC-l8. The absorbed energy in the detector was calculated using algorithm of calculating the absorbed energy in the material and pixel values of real images under various conditions was obtained. The characteristic curve was obtained using the relationship of two parameter and the results were verified using phantoms made of water and aluminum. The pixel values of the phantom image were estimated and compared with the characteristic curve under various conditions. It was found that the relationship between the DR outputs and the absorbed energy in the detector was almost linear. In a experiment using the phantoms, the estimated pixel values agreed with the characteristic curve, although the effect of scattered photons introduced some errors. However, effect of a scattered X-ray must be studied because it was not included in the calculation algorithm. The result of this study can provide useful information about a pre-processing of digital radiography.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.517-526
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find the optimal method for clinical application by analyzing image quality and radiation output according to parameter combination when using the Automatic Exposure Control (AEC). The experimental method combines 70, 81 kVp with sensitivity S200, S400, S800 and S1000 of the Automatic Exposure Control for Entrance Surface Dose (ESD), current volume, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR), Time-to-Radiation Dose Curve in abdomen and pelvis. And then, image quality and radiation output stability were evaluated. As a results, Entrance Surface Dose, current volume, Signal to Noise Ratio, Contrast to Noise Ratio decreased as the tube voltage and sensitivity were set higher. In addition, the higher tube voltage and sensitivity, the Time-to-Radiation Dose Curve showed a poor output stability. In conclusion, the higher the combination of tube voltage and sensitivity in the use of Automatic Exposure Control, the more problems can be seen in image quality and stability of the radiation output. Therefore, a relatively low combination of tube voltage and sensitivity showed that the image quality and radiation output stability could be optimized by minimizing the error range that would occur when the detector recognized a combination of parameters.