• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

In this paper, a methodology is proposed to improve the stress prediction of plates via Saint Venant's principle. According to Saint Venant's principle, the stress resultants can be used to describe linear elastic problems. Many engineering problems have been analyzed by Euler-Bernoulli beam(E-B) and/or Kirchhoff-Love(K-L) plate models. These models are asymptotically correct, and therefore, their accuracy is mathematically guaranteed for thin plates or slender beams. By post-processing their solutions, one can improve the stresses and displacements via Saint Venant's principle. The improved in-plane and out-of-plane displacements are obtained by adding the perturbed deflection and integrating the transverse shear strains. The perturbed deflection is calculated by applying the equivalence of stress resultants before and after post-processing(or Saint Venant's principle). Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology is verified by comparing the solutions obtained with the elasticity solutions for orthotropic beams.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2009

The flexural-stiffness formula of the wale for the innovative prestressed support (IPS) system was precisely derived, and the equivalent beam stiffness was introduced for application in the actual design of the IPS wale. The cable tension forces of the IPS wale were calculated in both cases, and the axial-deformation effects were included and ignored, respectively. The central displacements of the 1-post, 2-post, 3-post, and 4-post IPS wales were calculated based on the principle of virtual work. The effects of the IPS wale length and cable inclination angle were also investigated using the derived central displacements. The simplified equivalent flexural stiffness of the IPS wale is presented herein for design purposes, and the validity of the proposed design formula was verified through its comparison with the FE and analysis solutions.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.5-31
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• 2019

In the process of changing the Korean electoral system, various terms such as representation, majority, minority, plurality, and proportionality are not used correctly, making normative judgment on its desirable electoral system difficult. This paper clarifies the concepts and terminology related to the electoral system in order to enable proper normative discussion. First, the misuse of the names of the electoral system is reviewed. This includes the majority representative system versus the minority representative system, the single-member constituency versus the multi-member constituency, the absolute majority system versus the relative majority system, and the majority representative system versus the proportional representative system. Next, the principles of representation, proportionality, democracy, direct ballot, and equal ballot are discussed to evaluate the decisions made by the Constitutional Court of Korea. In the current electoral system of the National Assembly, the equivalence between its constituency member and its proportional representation member is very low in terms of proportionality between votes received and seats allotted. Finally, the coherence between proportional representation and other political institutions is examined. Strengthening the proportionality of parliamentary elections alone does not necessarily increase the proportionality of the entire power structure.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 1995

In this paper, the noise equivalent cicuits that is necessary to the formulation of D.C. and noise characteristics, residual component and input capacitance so as to analyze on the noise factors of the SIT is proposed. The simplest noise equivalent circuit is the model representing the mechanism of the SIT and the measured values in this model were found as small as the values of the shot-noise. In the source resistance inserted equivalent circuit is conformed that the shot-noise will be reduced by the negative-feedback effect of the source resistance. In oder to analyze the correct noise reduction factor, I proposed the equivalent circuit which the formulas of the source and drain resistance was induced. In the experiment which affirm the equivalent circuits, the influence of the signal source resistance and output load resistance on the residual component is small and the residual component can be expressed by the equivalent input noise resistance. Moreover, the input capacitance is 13.6 pF when the load resistance is $0{\Omega}$ and the capacitance which does not concern with the SIT operation directly, that is, gate wire etc, is 10pF or so.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1194-1199
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 도시배수관망의 간략화 모의 시 지선을 단순 생략하는 것이 아니라 2차원 관망을 1차원으로 전환시키는 방법인 등가하천 개념을 도입하여 도시유역의 유출량 산정에 있어서 여러 지선들을 개별적으로 모의하지 않으면서도 실제 존재하는 지선들의 효과를 고려할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 자연하천에 대해 개발된 등가하천 개념은 최근의 수문모형의 경향인 물리적 분포형 모형의 복잡성을 피하면서 전통적인 개념적 집중형 모형이 가지는 간편성을 살리고 그 것이 가지고 있는 선형가정의 한계를 극복하기 위한 방안으로서 제안된 방법이다. 등가하천 개념을 도입하여 개발된 모형은 종국적으로 강우-유출관계에 있어서 강우의 크기, 선형 및 비선형성, 유역면적 등이 미치는 영향을 분석하기위한 도구로 개발되었으며, 본 연구에서는 출구로부터 동일 거리 s에 위치한 지점에서의 배수관망의 공간적인 분포 및 집중패턴을 파악하는 폭함수(width function, n(s))와 면적함수(area function, M(s))를 이용하여 관망을 간략화 하였다. 등가관의 수리기하조건 결정은 유역이 정상상태에 도달했을 경우에 대해서 이루어지게 되며 정상상태 모의를 통해 개별 관망단면들에 대해 얻어진 유량(Q), 면적(A), 수심(y) 자료간의 상관관계를 유추하여 Q(A), A(y) 함수를 유도하게 되면 종국적으로 관로홍수추적에 이용되는 지배방정식의 매개변수인 파속계수(c) 및 확산계수(D)를 계산할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 대상 유역으로 군자 배수구역을 선정하여 유역의 특성과 관망 자료를 수집하고 간략화 기법을 적용한 결과를 분석 하였다.다. 21세기 문화산업에서 우리가 판단하게 될 디자인의 가치는 계몽의 원리에 대한 '역사성'과 '현재성'의 변증법에 달려있는 것이며, 새로운 철학, 새로운 문명, 새로운 세계를 열어가는 것이다.r$ (地理志)에는 추현리와 이미 외리를 언급하면서 상주의 자기제작의 위상을 짐작하는 기록이 언급되면서 전국의 상품의 절반을 담당하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 상주가 8곳으로 1/3의 자기 생산을 담당하고 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기소의 위치가 완전히 삭제되어 있다. 이러한 현상은 첫째, 15세기

• 건축구조
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2006

구조동력학 이론에 기초하여 내진설계 기술이 개발되었다. 그러므로 건축물의 내진설계를 근본적으로 이해하기 위해서는 구조동력학의 여러 가지 이론들을 먼저 알고 이들이 내진설계에 어떻게 적용이 되는지를 알아야 한다. 이 글은 구조기술자 여러분이 건축물의 내진설계를 이해하는데 도움이 될 수 있도록 하기 위하여 다음과 같이 3부로연재될예정이다. 제1부: 응답스펙트럼과구조물의동적해석 제2부: 등가정적해석법과반응수정계수의배경 제3부: 능력스펙트럼법에의한비탄성해석 제1부에서는 단자유도 구조물의 지진해석을 통하여 응답스펙트럼을 작성하는 원리와 이를 이용하여 간편하게 지진해석을 수행하는 방법을 소개하고 응답스펙트럼에 근거하여 설계응답스펙트럼을 작성하는 방법과 다자유도 구조물의 지진응답을 알아내기 위한 응답 스펙트럼 해석법에 관하여 소개한다. 제2부에서는 구조동력학 이론에 근거하여 등가정적해석법이 유도된 근거와 반응수정계수를 사용하게 되는 배경을 소개하여 구조기술자들이내진설계에좀더확실한이해를할수있도록할것이다. 마지막으로 제3부에서는 비탄성해석을 좀 더 쉽게 하기 위하여 사용되는 능력스펙트럼법의 배경과 이를 이용하여 건축물의 성능점을 찾는 방법과 구조물의 비탄성 지진응답을 평가하는 방법에 대하여 소개함으로써 성능에 기초한 내진설계를 위한 기초 이론을 확실히 이해할수있도록할것이다. 구조동력학에 관한 내용을 여기에 상세히 소개하자면 엄청난 분량이 될 것이므로 여기서는 이 글을 읽는 구조기술자들이 구조동력학에 관한 기초적인 내용을 이해하고 있는 것으로 가정하기로 한다. 그러므로 구조동력학에 대한 기초적 이론을 확실히 이해하고 있지 못한분들은이글을읽기전에먼저구조동력학에관한알기쉬운서적을 먼저 읽도록 추천한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.614-620
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• 1998

In this paper, we analyze theoritically the propagation and radiation characteristics for elliptical corrugated waveguides. The solutions of wave equations in an elliptic cylinder system are obtained in terms of Mathieu functions of 1st and 2nd kind. The electromagnetic fields in the elliptical corrugated waveguide can be represented by series and products of angular and radial Mathieu functions. By using impedence matching at the boundary between the inner region and the slot region, characteristic equations are derived. Then the characteristic equation is solved for $HE_{11}$ mode which is dominant mode in the elliptical corrugated waveguide and the fields in the aperture is calculated. And the propagation pattern for the elliptical corrugated waveguides is calculated through the field equivalence principle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.79-80
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• 2016

In this paper, we considered a design method for a microstrip patch antenna fed through two radiating edges by two feeding microstrip lines. Two feedlines are made to have a phase difference of 180 degree with each other in order to reduce cross-polarization level radiated from the antenna. The operation principle and design procedure for the considered antenna are explained using equivalent circuits. In order to check the validity of this study, the results for reflection coefficients of the antenna obtained by the proposed equivalent circuit method and the simulation using commercial antenna design tool are compared with each other.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.759-765
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• 2002

Prestressing tendons in the wall of circular storage tank are investigated from the viewpoint of equivalent load method. Special attention is paid to the effectiveness of eccentricities of the hoop and vertical tendons. Local effect at the bent Point of vertical tendon in the wall with varying thickness is examined. Some aspects which are frequently overlooked or misinterpreted in the conventional analyses of vertical tendons are discussed. Numerical examples are presented to emphasize the significance of accurate analysis of the vortical tendon in practice. It is expected that the equivalent load method can be effectively used to simplify the analysis of tendons in the circular wall and to minimize the errors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1996

This study has investigated the optimization of NDT method and the minimum detectable defect size for complex structures such as the solid propellant rocket motor using real time X-ray imaging system. Test specimens were made of steel plates with various defect size, and installed with proper thickness for which solid propellant, rubber, and case converted to the steel equivalent thickness according to the radiographic equivalent theory. As the results, this examination obtained optimum magnification and X-ray energy, dose rate according to steel equivalent thickness, also, obtained the relationship between minimum detectable defect size and the ratio(defect depot/object thickness). Thus, this simulated test is the preliminary procedure before performing NDT for real objects, and is possibly applied for NDT of other complex structures.