• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1C
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

In this study, field tests were performed to evaluate the stability of pre-insulated pipe during the compaction operation and to recommend an alternative backfill material. Three types of natural sand (fine-grained and medium-grained, coarse-grained sand), crushed sand and two types of gravel (10 mm, 20 mm) were used as backfill material in the field tests. Field tests were performed to determine the behavior (earth-pressure and deformation, installation damage) of the pre-insulated pipe due to variation of different types of backfill material. Based on the evaluation and comparison of field test results, it was determined that crushed sand is the most suitable back-fill material that can be used as an alternative for medium grained sand for pre-insulated pipes with respect to the engineering behavior and material supply.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.5-11
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• 2011

This paper recommends the alternative back-fill material for the pre-insulated pipe based on the results of tests performed using different kinds of backfill material. In this study, laboratory tests were preformed to determine the behavior of the pre-insulated pipe caused by variation on grain size distribution, friction characteristics and earth pressure characteristics of different types of backfill material. Two types of natural sand (fine-grained and coarse-grained sand) and crushed sand, and two types of gravel (10mm, 20mm) were used as backfill material in the laboratory tests. The laboratory test results were analyzed and compared with the pre-insulated pipe backfilled with the standard medium-grained sand. Based on the evaluation and comparison of laboratory test results, it was determined that crushed sand is the most suitable back-fill material that can be used as an alternative for medium grained sand for pre-insulated pipes.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2022

This study describes the results of model experiment to analyze the effect of backfill material types on the behavior of underground facility. In the model experiment, backfill materials around the existing underground facility were applied with soil (Jumunjin standard sand) and CLSM. The displacement of underground facility was analyzed for each excavation stage considering the separation distance between the excavation surface and the backfill area based on the experimental results. When soil was applied as a backfill material, the soil on the back of the excavation surface collapsed by excavation and formed an angle of repose, and the process of slope stability was repeated at each excavation stage. In addition, the displacement of underground facility began to occur in the excavation stage that the failure line of soil passes the installation location of the underground facility. When CLSM was applied as a backfill material, there was almost no horizontal and vertical displacement of the ground regardless of the separation distance from the excavation surface even when excavation proceeded to the backfill depth. Therefore, this result showed that it can have a resistance effect against the lateral earth pressure generated and the collapse of the original ground by adjacent excavation, if a backfill material with high stiffness such as CLSM is applied.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

According to the Integrated Notice on City Gas Safety Management Standards, materials for bedding and foundation which are around the pipe should be sands or fine grade soil without large particle that is more than 19 mm size. However, sands are mostly used at gas pipeline construction sites and this causes a shortage of sands and an increase of construction costs. It even causes the disruption of natural environment. In order to improve the standards of backfill material, we have researched regulations in other countries and investigated the pipeline construction sites to survey the present state of backfilling. We also have studied what the bedding and foundation materials affect on buried gas pipelines. Lastly, we have suggested suitable materials for bedding and foundation besides sands. We are sure this paper help the government amend the Notice about backfill materials.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

Backfill material with thermal resistivity which has $50^{\circ}C$-cm/Watt in wet and $100^{\circ}C$-cm/Watt in dry is requested to improve the power transfer capability for dissipation of heat production in underground power cables. In the field test performed by buried cable backfills, the backfill material developed from this study is compared with river sand and weathered soil (native soil) to investigate the effect of heat transfer in various seasons and locations of thermal sensors. As a result, the developed backfill material is faster approaching yielding temperature (critical heat) than that of river sand and weathered soil, and it has good dissipation capacity rather than other materials by keeping moisture content at dry season.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.201-207
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• 2003

In this paper, the utilization of waste foundry sand produced in the molding process is studied as a backfill material for underground electric utility systems such as concrete box structures and pipe lines for power supply. The physical, chemical and thermal properties for waste foundry sand are investigated far mechanical stability, environmental hazard and power transmission capacity Also its properties are compared with those of the natural river sand. The test results show that waste foundry sand can be utilized for underground concrete box structures as a backfill material; however, it can not be applied to underground pipe lines due to high thermal resistivity or low power transmission capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.441-448
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• 2020

In this study, the engineering characteristics of CLSM mixed with GBFS and GF were identified to review the applicability as a replacement material and further evaluate the recharge and field applicability as a joint filler material. This study has resulted in the following findings. First, Using more than 30% of GBFS to replace FA enabled bleeding control through improved fluidity. Moreover, it has been confirmed that effective strength and proper quality can be achieved when it was applied as a refiller and joint filler material with higher early strength than the base material. Second, When using more than 30% of FNS to replace sand, it was found that adding 0.3~0.35 of the AE agent is effective for bleeding control through improved fluidity. Third, When using more than 30% of both GBFS and FNS in combination, it was found that adding 0.3~0.35 of the AE agent is effective for bleeding control through improved fluidity. Also, it was confirmed that proper mixing of 15~60% of GF secured the effective strength and desired quality as a refiller and joint filler material. Fourth, The relationship between the superficial level and internal micro pores of CLSM from the curing process needs to be discussed and reviewed in more detail through further research studies.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.164.2-164.2
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• 2010

KEPCO에서는 발전소로부터 생산되는 전력을 각 가정에 공급하기 위하여 전력선을 설치하고 있다. 이 전력선은 지상과 지중에 동시에 설치되고 있으며, 지상에 위치한 전력선을 가공선이라 한다. 지중에 설치된 전력선을 지중선이라 하며, 지중선을 설치하기 위한 공사를 지중화공사라 한다. 전력선은 전력이 통전될 때 일정한 온도 이상의 열이 발생하게 되며 이 열이 신속하게 외부로 빠져나가야지만 전력수송효율이 떨어지지 않게 된다. 지중화공사는 대부분 도로를 재굴착하여 설치하게 되며, 전력선을 설치한 후 주변 되메움재로는 모래를 이용하고 있다.하지만 최근 들어 모래의 수급이 딸리고, 가격이 높아지고 있는 관계로 이의 대체재료가 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전력선 되메움재인 모래의 대체재료로 건설폐기물의 일종이었던 순환골재를 이용하기 위하여 열저항특성을 분석하였다. 이미 순환골재는 2005년부터 공공 공사에 의무적으로 사용하도록 규정이 되어 있어 도로 또는 콘크리트 골재로 사용하고 있다. 순환골재를 전력선 되메움재로 사용하기 위해서는 열저항온도(thermal resistivity)가 $120^{\circ}C$-cm/W 이하가 되어야만 전력선 효율이 떨어지지 않기 때문에 이를 만족하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해 QTM-500 장비를 이용하여 순환골재의 열저항 특성실험을 시행하였다. 실험의 원활한 수행을 위하여 순환골재의 입도는 5.0mm 이하로 제한하였으며, 인자로는 다짐도와 함수비를 중요한 인자로 선택하였다. 분석결과, 다짐도 및 함수비는 순환골재의 열저항온도에 영향을 미치는 주인자로 나타났으며, 일부 교호작용도 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 실험결과를 바탕으로 현장 실증실험을 수행할 예정이며, 본 연구결과는 KEPCO의 순환골재 이용기준수립에 활용할 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

In the precedent study it was presented that the comparison of thermal resistivity using various backfill materials including river sand regarding water content, dry unit weight and particle size distribution. Based on the precedent study, this study focused on developing the optimized backfill material that would improve the power transfer capability and minimize the thermal runaway due to an increase of power transmission capacity of underground power cables. When raw materials, such as river sand, recycled sand, crush rock and stone powder, are used for a backfill material, they has not efficient thermal resistivity around underground power cables. Thus, laboratory tests are performed by mixing Fly-ash, slag and floc with them, and then it is found that the optimized backfill material are required proper water content and maximum density. Through various experimental test, when coarse material, crush rock, is mixed with recycled sand, stone powder, slag or floc for a dense material, the thermal resistivity of it has $50^{\circ}C$-cm/Watt at optimum moisture content, and the increase of thermal resistivity does not happen in dry condition. The result of experiments approach the optimization of the backfill materials for underground power cables.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-37
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• 2019

The conventional representative underground cavity restoration methods, which are mainly open-cut methods, require high cost and long period of time for the restoration. Therefore, various trenchless restoration methods have been proposed to improve these disadvantages. The underground cavity restoration method using the expansive material proposed in this paper is one of the trenchless methods. This method fills the underground cavity with high quality backfill soils through the small hole(s) at asphalt layer and compacts backfill soils by insertion of the expansive material within the cavity. In this study, the restoration method using expansive material was constructed in acrylic chamber. The restoration efficiency of the method was analyzed by the fill ratio and degree of relative compaction according to the location and number of bore holes. As a result of the experiment, the restoration efficiency and the optimum construction location were found to be irrelevant.