• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.499-501
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• 2001

In the 1970s, the radial artery was proposed as a coronary artery bypass graft but then was abandoned due to graft occlusion secondary to spasm during harvesting. Development of new pharmacologic antispasmodic agents and minimal traumatic harvesting techniques has led to the revival of the use of the radial artery in coronary artery bypass procedures. Harmonic Scalpel(Ultracision Inc, Smithfield, Rl) offers the surgeon the ability to perform less traumatic, spasm free, and rapid radial artery harvesting.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.515-521
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• 2015

In this study, we tried to analyze arterial stiffness of Jeju female divers who diver into cold water without the assistance of oxygen. For this purpose we measured pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index of Jeju female divers and same aged females who didn't have any cardiovascular risk for comparing the vascular stiffness. The results were the following : First, the light-femoral pulse wave velocity of Jeju female divers was significantly lower than normal women of the same ages. Second, Jeju female divers's ABI showed higher tendency than normal same aged women. These result showed that Jeju female divers' body had been completed for adaptation to low temperature and high pressure water environment through a long-term immersion activities in old age, as well as due to higher physical activity levels of Jeju female divers peripheral vascular resistance was not reduced.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2019

This study was to compare arterial stiffness and hemodynamic responses between male smokers and non-smokers. This study also investigates the influences of smoking before exercise on arterial stiffness and hemodynamic responses. 24 male subjects of age 20-29 without history of cardiorespiratory disease were divided into smokers and non-smokers. Smokers had more than 5 years of smoking experience. In order to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise smoking, smokers were tested twice, once with a cigarette before the exercise and the other once without one. Data was collected from bio-impedance analysis, SphygmoCor XCEL, graded exercise test, and fitness test. Main results of this study are as follows: First, there are differences between smokers and non-smokers in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response functions, as shown by maximal oxygen consumption, exercise duration, and heart rate. Second, the although the arterial stiffness between smokers and non-smokers showed statistically significant differences in the speed of the pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, smoker had a faster rate. It shows that smoking behavior has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Third, pre-exercise smoking behavior does have an impact on cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response functions, as shown by exercise duration and heart rate. Lastly, arterial stiffness between smokers and non-smokers showed statistically not significant in the speed of the pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Brachial systolic pressure, a component of pulse wave analysis, on the other hand, was significantly dependent on pre-exercise smoking behavior. Subjects who participated in this study are college students in early 20s. Given their relatively short history of smoking, it is possible that their smoking habits are not severe enough to develop into cardiorespiratory or cardiovascular diseases. But Smokers showed lower levels of cardiopulmonary functions, as maximal oxygen consumption and exercise duration than nonsmokers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.368-374
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• 2006

Purpose : The prevalence of obesity in children is increasing rapidly. Epidemiologic studies suggest that obesity induced atherosclerosis may start in childhood. We investigated whether obese children show early abnormalities of the arterial wall and endothelial dysfunction. Methods : Thirty-eight obese children(14-16 years old of age, male, body mass index $29.40{\pm}3.18kg/m^2$) and forty-five age and sex-matched healthy control children(body mass index $18.43{\pm}1.01kg/m^2$) were enrolled. Their carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) and brachial artery flowmediated dilation(FMD) response were measured by high-quality ultrasound system, and compliance, distensibility, stiffness index, incremental elastic modulus and wall stress were calculated by equation. In addition, we looked at the relations between these arterial features and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors. Results : The obese children had significantly increased IMT($0.52{\pm}0.09mm$ vs $0.40{\pm}0.07mm$, P< 0.001) and markedly impaired FMD($7.35{\pm}7.78$ percent vs $20.34{\pm}16.81$ percent, P<0.001) than the healthy controls. But the compliance and distensibility were lower, and the stiffness index, incremental elastic modules and wall stress were higher in the obese group than the control group, but not statistically significantly. Body mass index was highly associated with increased IMT(r=0.612, P<0.001) and reduced FMD(r=-0.414, P<0.001). Conclusion : We showed the deleterious effect of child obesity on both early functional and structural atherosclerotic markers. The ultrasonic findings will be used for screening and follow up markers to identify high-risk patients among obese children.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2019

An inverse correlation between obesity and arterial stiffness has been reported, but there are no consistent results in elderly subjects. This study examined the relationship between the arterial stiffness measured by the CAVI (cardio-ankle vascular index) and BMI (body mass index) in healthy elderly people. This study included 629 healthy elderly people aged 65 and over who underwent health examinations at a general hospital in Gyeonggi from July 2018 to June 2019. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III of the US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Among the criteria of NCEP-ATP III, the waist circumference and obesity criteria were based on the WHO criteria. All subjects underwent a biochemical blood test and an assessment of the CAVI. In both men and women, the CAVI was lower in the obese group than in the normal weight group. Gender (P=0.047), age (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.001), and waist circumference (P=0.008) were factors affecting the CAVI. Gender, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia were independent positive predictors of the CAVI levels, while obesity was a negative predictor. Therefore, the CAVI and BMI showed an inverse correlation. In conclusion, there was an inverse correlation between the CAVI and BMI in the elderly, and obesity was a negative predictor of the CAVI.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.1012-1017
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to assess the mechanical properties of the abdominal aorta in school-aged patients treated for Kawasaki disease and in normal, healthy children. Methods : This study examined 28 children with Kawasaki disease who had been followed up on and 30 healthy subjects of the same age and gender. We recorded systolic (Ps) and diastolic (Pd) blood pressure values and the aortic diameter at both minimum diastolic (Dd) and maximum systolic (Ds) expansion using two-dimensional echocardiography. These measurements were used to determine 1) aortic strain: S=(Ds-Dd)/Dd; 2) pressure strain elastic modulus: Ep=(Ps-Pd)/S; and 3) normalized Ep: $Ep^*=Ep/Pd$. Results : Ep (P=0.008) and $Ep^*$ (P=0.043) of the Kawasaki disease group were relatively high compared to those of the control group. Ep (P=0.002) and $Ep^*$ (P=0.015) of patients with coronary aneurysm were also relatively high compared with those of patients without coronary aneurysm, but lipid profiles did not differ, except for homocysteine (P=0.008). Therefore, in patients with coronary aneurysm, aortic stiffness was higher, compared to not only the control group but also patients without coronary aneurysm. However, in patients without coronary aneurysm, aortic stiffness was not significant, different compared to the control group. Conclusion : Measuring aortic distensibility may be helpful in assessing the risk of early atheroscletic change in the long-term management of Kawasaki disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1096-1107
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on blood inflammatory factors, DHEA-s and arterial stiffness in elderly women. The subjects were 42 elderly females volunteers, aged 70 to 85 years, composed of the combined exercise group (n=21) and control group (n=21). The 60 minute combined exercise program(aquarobics 1 time/week, strength exercise 2 times/week) was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks, and the intensity was progressively increased every 4 weeks(1-4 weeks: RPE 12 to 13, 5-8 weeks: RPE 13 to 14, 9-12weeks: RPE 14 to 15). The test data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, independent t-test and the alpha level of .05 was set for all tests of significance. As a result, the combined exercise for 12 weeks reduced the inflammatory response of elderly women, and DHEA-s was found to have a positive effect on aging hormone. The arterial stiffness decreased the central arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), prevented the increase of the pulse pressure and the wave increase index, and decreased the pulse wave velocity. These results suggest that regular and continuous combined exercise may be recommended for the healthy aging and longevity of elderly women by inducing anti-inflammation effect and improving the aging hormonal function and the vascular health.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.769-776
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• 2006

Purpose : Pulse wave velocity(PWV) and ankle brachial index(ABI) are not only noninvasive methods used to assess arterial stiffness in adults, but also useful, simple ways to estimate the severity of hypertension, end stage renal disease and atherosclerosis in adults. But there are few studies on PWV and ABI in adolescents and children. In this study, hypertensive adolescents were compared to normal individuals to find out the usefulness of PWV as the index of progress in the disease. Methods : 413 teenagers were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of adolescents that only had hypertension(Group 1 : 23 teenagers). The second group consisted of the adolescents who had hypertension with obesity(Group 2 : 17 teenagers), and the last group was the normal subjects(Group 3 : 328 teenagers). Weight, height and body mass index were measured. Simultaneous measurements of systolic, diastolic and average blood pressure were obtained from the four extremities. PWV, ABI, ejection time and preejection period were also measured. Results : Right brachial-ankle PWV was significantly higher in both group 1 and group 2 compared with group 3, and significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1. Likewise, left brachial-ankle PWV also showed significantly higher values in both group 1 and group 2 compared with group 3, and also higher values in group 2 compared with group 1. Positive correlations were found between the systolic, diastolic, average blood pressure and PWV. There were also positive correlations between the blood pressure and weight, body mass index. Conclusion : Higher PWV was demonstrated in adolescents with essential hypertension compared to normal subjects. Follow-up study is needed to evaluate the progress.