• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.477-494
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• 2007

This paper offers a brief overview of the historical implications of residential segregation in Busan, Korea. It first reviews the history of residence from the early 1900s to the present and the transition of residential boundary of the City of Busan. It then considers the characteristics of residential segregation and the important factors in it. The social class of pre-industrial society led the inequality of residential areas around the Eubchee. The existed Korean residential areas were separated by newly built-up residential areas in the Japanese colonial era. After the liberation from Japanese Rule and Korean War, rapid population growth made considerable slums across the City of Busan. These slums were an important factor to segregate residential areas from prosperous areas ever afterward. The socio-economic status has related to residential segregation through the formation of differential housing classes since 1990s. The historial analysis of these periods will offer an insight into how the dominant factors lead residential segregation in a specific period by promoting a more socio-economically integrated society.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36
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• pp.58-76
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• 1987

우리나라 도시의 거주지역구조는 어떠한 특성을 내포하고 있으며, 공간적으로는 어떠한 양상을 나타내고 있는가? 이러한 연구문제를 파악하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 1970, 1975 및 1980년의 인천시를 사례지역으로 하여 도시의 거주지역구조를 '거주지역의 분화'와 '등질거주지역의 형성'이라는 두가지 관점에서 분석하고자 시도하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 분석과정에서 거주지역구조형성의 과정을 파악하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.616-631
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• 2007

Residential differentiation is an academic theme which has been given enormous attention in urban studies. This is due to the fact that residential segregation can be seen as one of the best indicators for socio-spatial dialectics occurring on urban space. Measuring how one population group is differentiated from the other group in terms of residential space has been a focal point in the residential segregation studies. The index of dissimilarity has been the most extensively used one. Despite its popularity, however, it has been accused of inability to capture the degree of spatial clustering that unevenly distributed population groups usually display. Further, the spatial indices of segregation which have been introduced to edify the problems of the index of dissimilarity also have some drawbacks: significance testing methods have never been provided; recent advances in spatial statistics have not been extensively exploited. Thus, the main purpose of the research is to devise a spatial separation measure which is expected to gauge not only how unevenly two population groups are distributed over urban space, but also how much the uneven distributions are spatially clustered (spatial dependence). The main results are as follows. First, a new measure is developed by integrating spatial association measures and spatial chi-square statistics. A significance testing method based on the generalized randomization test is also provided. Second, a case study of residential differentiation among groups by educational attainment in major Korean metropolitan cities clearly shows the applicability of the analytical framework presented in the paper.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.245-263
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• 1997

Housing market is segmented through 1) housing supply classified by housing characteristics and 2) housing demand classified by different housing opportunity of household. Moreover, neighborhood plays a role in intensifying housing market segmentation as a factor affecting on decision making relevant to housing supply and demand. while segmented housing markets have different mechanism, existing studies on residential differentiation and housing market have overlooked the characteristic differences among housing submarkets as the studies presume metropolitan housing market to be a single housing market. while the concept of 'residential differentiation' pays much attention on spatial pattern after the ecological approach appeared, the concept of ‘housing submarkets' is explanatory of the process of urban space structure formation. Analysis on housing submarkets makes up for the weak points of the behavioral approach inquiring into socio-economic constraint and different housing opportunity of household.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

It is widely believed that increasing socio-economic polarization inspired by globalization and economic restructuring worsens residential segregation by class in Korean cities. However, the existing literature falls short in showing the recent changes of the residential segregation, particularly after the 1997 financial crisis, with reliable and systematic segregation measures. Noting that there are the two major dimension in residential segregation - evenness-concentration and exposure-clustering - this study introduced not only global measure (dissimilarity index and isolation/interaction index) but also local measures (location quotient and Local Moran's I) for each dimension. These measures are applied to the case study of Seoul in the 2000s. The class is defined by education attainment and the data is obtain through the MicroData System Service System(MDSS). The result shows that the residential segregation by education attainment persists through 2000s and even get worse in some dimension. More significantly, it turns out that high-class and low-class residence are nearly mirror-images of each other, indicating high segregation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.675-690
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• 2007

It has been widely believed that the ethnic relations in Honolulu and Hawai'i in the early twentieth century were little associated with racist ideology because the white race was minority in terms of the racial composition. In reality, however, the racial and ethnic issues have played a major role in forming the past and present relations among ethnic groups. This study shows that the white-supremacy ideology exerted a strong influence on minority groups in Honolulu throughout the immigration and settling-down process, as much as in the mainland U.S. Clear occupational stratification and residential segregation among the ethnic groups in Honolulu represented almost the same situation as in mainland cities. The social segregation and spatial propinquity of their residential neighborhoods facilitated the construction of dichotomized identity: "Local" versus "Haole". Such transformed identities were a product of on-going inter-ethnic negotiation process embedded in the non-white multi-ethnic neighborhoods.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.223-235
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• 1993

This study associates with socio-economic status in a slice section area of Chicago metropolitan to get spatial patterns of urban windows. GSIS(Geo-spatial Information System) has been monitored with several statistic methods, and geo-spatial map presentations. From the grouping analysis, the result displays that most suburban town have high income values, such as Elmhurst, Melrose Park, North Lake(Income ranges between $25,000${\sim}$30,000 : 1980 Sensus data). The factors produced form both analyses of SAS and BMDP are socio-ethnic, economic, hispanic, black, life expectancy, and multiple car ownership. In the study area the socio-ethnic factor is striking, and is composed of nine out of the fourteen varialbles. Geo-spatial 3-D mapping represents a socio-economic configuration of the study area. The high income value areas are Elmhurst and North Lack, and a spot between Belmont Ave. and the Lake Shore. Economic configuration is a vital importance of socio-economic activities in the urban areas. In the study area a minimum average income level is about $4,364 and maximun is $30,311.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.741-753
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• 2003

This study begins with paying attention to the agglomeration of 'Residential-Commercial Mixed Use Buildings(hereafter, R-C MU Buildings)', which tend to be a high grade and large sized building cluster at various neighboring areas in Seoul. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between emerging new housing type and residential area by analyzing the characteristics of residential neighborhood that is mainly created by R-C MU Buildings. For this purpose, the specialization and the regional characteristics(in connection with the hierarchy in urban spatial structure) of R-C MU Building's residential neighborhood were analyzed. In the end, the specific type of housing reveals the tendency to be differentiated in terms of income, education and occupation related with housing and residential area. And the residential characteristics also seem to be different according to the regions based on the central place hierarchical structure. It means that the social and class factors are important in choosing house, but the characteristics of the neighborhood area play an important role in the selection of resident area. Finally, the location of certain type of housing can influence the selecting process of residence and it can also determine the characteristics of the resident area in turn.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.615-627
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of urban sprawl and their ramifications, i.e. segmentation and hierarchization on the spatial structure as well as populational composition, focusing on Daecheon - Village and Daecheoncheon - Network in Busan, and to examine not only the solidarity between constituents transcending the segmented spaces but also the internal values operating inside through the Daecheoncheon - Network. Due to the large - scale housing development in the 1980s to 1990s, Daecheon - Village has been transformed from a rural village to a town. In this process, the original single space became segmented into Daecheon - Village and apartment complex. This spatial segmentation divided the populational composition into old natives and young immigrants. However, the Daecheoncheon - Network created by solidarity between the bodies of two localities enabled the residents to resolve the urgent issues of localities, recognizing their own space of living not as segmented and hierarchic but as the communal site of life and one village where they will live together. Daecheoncheon-Network was the movement and network to connect natives and immigrants transcending the segmented space and went so far as to make a motive to create one community with the value of 'symbiosis.'