• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.583-589
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• 1989

In order to improve the quality and yields of barley tea(water extracts), enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out with using three kinds of mired enzymes of ${\alpha}-amylase,\;{\beta}-amylase$ and protease. The barley treated with enzymes were the crushed , soaked and slightly roasted(light brown) Youngsanbori(hulless) and the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics were investigated. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis caused a signigicant increase in solid yields (80%) of barley tea, particularly with the mixed enzyme 5,000 which has higher activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ than the other enzymes. The intrinsic viscosity of barley tea was reduced by enzymatic hydrolysis as the value of dextrose equivalent increased The Hunter L, a, b values was lower for the enzyme treated barley tea but showed not significant difference with reaction time. The organoleptic evaluation clearly showed that both intensity and acceptability of odor and taste was markedly Increased. The roasted nutty, and sweety odor and taste were particular in increase by mixed enzyme 5,000.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between exposure index (EI) and dose factors related to radiation dose optimization in digital radiography (DR) system. Two phantoms with built-in regional test object for quantitative assessment of images were used to produce image signals that acquired in chest radiography background. EI and entrane surface dose (ESD) increased proportionally with rise of radiation dose (kVp, mAs) in both DR and CR systems. Especially, DR detector was effective to form good contrast and hence, reached easily to improvement of image quality with minimal dose changes. It made operators possible to expect the accuracy of EI values deeply related to absorbed dose of the detector. The evaluation of images was obtained specially employed calculation of noise to signal ratio (NSR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). These measurements were performed for how exposure factors affect image quality. NSR was inversely proportional to kVp and mAs and low NSR represented high signal detection efficiency. Consequently, EI values was the measure of the amount of exposure received by the image receptor and it was proportional to exposure factors. Therefore the EI in a recommended range from manufacturer can offer optimal image quality. Also, continuous monitoring of EI values in the digital radiography can reduce the unnecessary patient dose and help the quality control of the system.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to assess the quality characteristics of Topokki with different amounts of curry powder[0%(CT0), 2%(CT2), 4%(CT4), 6%(CT6) and 8%(CT8)], based on the amount of rice flour. The L values of the uncooked and cooked Topokki decreased significantly with increases in the amount of added curry powder. The a and b values of cooked Topokki increased significantly with increases in the amount of added curry powder. The weight gains(%) of CT0(11.40%), CT2(11.67%) and CT4(10.93%) were significantly higher and the volume increases(%) of CT2(12.53%) and CT4(12.23%) were higher than those of the other samples. Textural properties such as hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess were also assessed. Our sensory evaluation test demonstrated that the appearance of CT2(4.24), the color of CT2(4.24) and CT4(4.26), the flavor of CT2(4.34) and the overall acceptability of CT2(4.24) and CT4(4.26) were superior to those of the others. CT4, CT6 and CT8 evidenced more profound antimicrobial activities than the others. In conclusion, the addition of $2{\sim}4%$ curry powder to the rice flour proved the most acceptable for the preparation of Topokki with curry powder.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2009

Interspecific crossing was conducted to obtain hybrid lilly with better quality of adapting to the unfavorable environment using oriental Lilium spp. as a female parent. Average interspecific crossing rate between oriental and asiatic lines by cut-style pollination was as low as 29%. Although the average germination rate of zygotic hybrid embryo between oriental 'Rodolfa' ${\times}$ asiatic 'Toronto' was increased from 76.6% to 78.3%. on 114 or 1/6 strength MS medium compared to the control, the rate of zygotic embryos formation between oriental 'Farolito' ${\times}$ asiatic 'Buff Pixie' was significantly enhanced up about 86~90% on 1/2 strength MS medium. Meanwhile, germination rate of interspecific hybrid embryo between oriental 'Snow Cristal' ${\times}$ asiatic 'Royal Trinity' showed up 100%. Germination rate of interspecific hybrids slightly increased by addition of $0.5-1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ GA. Germination rate of zygotic embryos between oriental 'Farolito' ${\times}$ asiatic 'Buff Pixie' and oriental 'Belcanto' ${\times}$ L. callosum was highest on the MS medium containing $0.01mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin, as 66.6% and 45.2% respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.663-675
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• 2007

Chemical reactions in cells are so complicated and abstract that students have difficulty in understanding them. In this study, classes with the application of systematic analogies used at the interpretation of experimental results were taught to 10th-grade students in order to help them to understand the concept of enzymes, which play an important role in chemical reactions in cells. Effects of the classes on their understanding of the concept of enzymes and the role of systematic analogies were analyzed. The gap of understanding between the test group and the control group was significant at 0.05, indicating that systematic analogies are effective for students' understanding of the concept of enzymes. Looking into the concept of enzymes by individual element, the effect of systematic analogies was shown to be large for equilibrium-like processes, such as the enzyme structure change caused by temperature and pH; and the continuous and random actions of enzymes, which students have difficulty in understanding. For these processes, systematic analogies played a positive role in improving their conceptual status. The visualizations and familiarity of analogs increased their intelligibility regarding the concept of enzyme. Also, the systematic analogies increases their plausibility by helping to connect phenomena, taking place in the enzyme reaction experiments, with scientific concepts as scaffold. Accordingly, it was possible to explain experimental results as scientific concepts in a consistent manner. In addition, analogies familiar to students played a positive role from the affective perspective by promoting students' interest and helping them to approach hard scientific concepts.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2024

We designed this study because it is necessary to take health care from middle age for to healthy old age. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of middle-aged women on the walking mechanism by applying an exercise program that can achieve the maximum effect through simple exercise regardless of time and place. A total of 20 subjects were selected from middle-aged women aged 45 years or older, with 10 calf-enhancing exercise groups and 10 control groups. As a result of comparing before and after exercise in the calf-enhancing exercise group, the step length left and right, and double support, step time, and speed were improved. As a result of comparing the walking mechanisms of the calf-enhancing exercise group and the non-exercise group after exercise, the step length left and right, and step time left and right were improved. The positive effect of the walking mechanism was shown through the calf-enhancing exercise regardless of time and place. In particular, it is judged that the stride was widened, resulting in an increase in the speed of walking due to the strength of the lower extremities and the shortening of the one-foot support section, resulting in meaningful results. In future studies, it is considered desirable to present measurement data for each life cycle by evaluating all ages, such as adolescents and the elderly, and to provide it as basic data for causing social problems due to lack of normal exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1008-1019
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• 2024

This study was conducted before and after the non-equivalent control group to determine the effects of nursing students' self-observation using smartphone videos and feedback self-practice using QR-Code on core nursing skill performance ability, performance confidence, and self-efficacy. This is a quasi-experimental study using this design. The subjects of the study were 105 second-year nursing students at U University in G City, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, -test, and paired t-test using SPSS 23.0 program. As a result of the study, indwelling catheterization performance significantly increased (t=8.532, p<.001), but intramuscular injection performance was not statistically significant (t=1.818, p=.077). Confidence in performing indwelling catheterization (t=5.099, p<.001) and confidence in performing intramuscular injections (t=5.473, p<.001) increased statistically significantly, and self-efficacy (t=4.332, p<.001) increased. Significantly improved. Accordingly, self-observation using smartphone videos and feedback self-practice using QR-code are more effective for core nursing skill items with high difficulty, and provide objective evidence that self-practice training methods are effective in improving confidence in performing core nursing skills and self-efficacy. In addition, we propose a repeated study that includes various levels of difficulty for the 20 core nursing skills.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.819-830
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• 2008

The object of this study was to investigate different levels of extruded rice product(Nutri-RS®) supplementation as an alternative to lactose on growth performance, diarrhea score, fecal E.coli and volatile fatty acid(VFA) in weaning pigs. Treatments were 1) Control(basal), L3(basal+3% extruded rice product), L6(basal+6% extruded rice product). The control diet in Phase I and Phase II contained 16 and 9% of lactose, respectively. For the feeding trial, a total of 81 crossbred pigs, averaging 7.56±1.18 kg body weight, were allotted to three treatments in three replicates with nine pigs per pen by RCBD. The experimental period was total 5 weeks. During the whole experimental period, there were no significant differences in growth performance, diarrhea score, fecal volatile fatty acid concentration among all treatments. Although there were no significant differences, pigs fed diet of L6 tended to show higher BW and ADG, ADFI, and fecal volatile fatty acid concentration compared to other treatments. Treatment L6 showed the lowest fecal E. coli count among all treatments(P<0.05). These results suggested that inclusion of extruded rice product has similar performance a with 6% of lactose in diet for weaning pigs and reduce approximately 9% production cost of weaning pig's diet. Therefore, extruded rice product could be utilized as an alternative feed ingredient to lactose in weaning pig’s diet.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 1988

The treatments of $H_2O_2$ were more effective on the degradation of difficult digestible materials by increasing the treatment concentration and adjusting the pH to alkaline. The smaller particle size of rice straw was, the more these effect. $2N_2CO_3{\cdot}3H_2O_2$, didn't need to adjust on pH, but the effect of treatment was lower than $H_2O_2$(pH 11.5) treatment. Lignin and hemicellulose content were decreased by the alkaline peroxide treatments. The fermentation of rice straw which pretreated with alkaline peroxide, the content of total nitrogen and ash increased. And NDF, hemicellulose and lignin were decreased, and ADF and cellulose decreased as the lower concentra­tion of treatment. The digestibility of rice straw which treated alkaline peroxide was increased with increasing the treatment concentration. The treatment of 12% $H_2O_2$(pH 11.5) and 12% $2Na_2^-CO_3{\cdot}3H_2O_2$ increased the digestibility from 31.1% to 89.4% and 76.8% compared with nontreated rice straw, respectively. The digestibility of fermented rice straw which pretreated with alkaline peroxide was effectively increased as the pretreatment concentration was low. Semi-dry treat­ment of $H_2O_2$ decreased the ADF and cellulose, and exhibited the 57.5% of digestjbility. Fer­mentation of rice straw which semi-dry treated with 4% $H_2O_2$, increased the digestibility from 33.4% to 63.4% compared with control.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of melengesterol acetate (MGA) and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administrations on serum progesterone level, synchrony of estrus and conception rates in Han-woo. Firstly, ten heifers and one freematin were fed 0.5 mg MGA/day for 14 days in a grain carrier, and after 19 days of MGA feeding, a single injection of 25 mg $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ were treated. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum progesterone concentrations from the start of feeding of MGA until the end of feeding and subsequent estrous detection and artificial insemination (AI) at 3 days intervals, and on days of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection, estrous detection, AI, and 15th and 60th days after AI. The level of progesterone in the blood began to increase from 7 days after MGA feeding, and 9 days after feeding it became 5.4 ng/ml and maintained that level thereafter. On the 33th day when the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was injected, it reached the peak level of 7.6 ng/ml. However, 2-3 days after $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection, it dropped to 1.4 ng/ml drastically (p<0.05). Secondly, one hundred and ninety four Hanwoo heifers or cows were divided into two groups to compare estrous induction and conception rates: the one treated with MGA and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, (n=104) and the other with $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (two injections at 11 days interval, n=90). The heifers or cows treated with MGA and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ were identical to those used as above. The percentages of heifers or cows showed estrus were higher in the $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (91.3%) than in the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (72.2%, p<0.05). Conception rates were also higher in the $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (94.2%) than in the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (88.9%, p<0.05). The results of this experiment indicate that estrus synchronization using $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ is more effective than that using $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ (two injections) in Hanwoo.