• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

The inclusive playground is a playground where disabled children and non-disabled children can play together, not a playground for the disabled. It started with the change of social awareness of the citizenship rights of disabled people in the 1960s and the resulting playgrounds. Since then, inclusive playgrounds have been developed in many countries, and these are organized in the form by guidelines. In Korea, social interest in inclusive playgrounds is increasing, but there are no systematic guidelines in Korea, and the application of overseas cases or guidelines is limited. The purpose of this study is to classify the concept of inclusive playgrounds and design guidelines, that were previously presented in inclusive playground design guideline of various countries and analyze the characteristics of, design scope, and design principles, and provide a basic framework for creating guidelines. The purpose of the design guideline was to present specific numerical values to the inclusive playground design guidelines, to link with academic research and industrial products, to present pursuit values, and to expand the value of pursuing design methods. The contents were covered by scope, conceptualization, principles of design and design process, design guidelines, and checklists. Most of the guideline covers specific autonomous governments or countries that can apply the related systems or laws, but the composition of the detailed contents is different. The guiding value of inclusive playgrounds presented in each guideline is not a playground for the disabled but a playground for all, and some guidelines refer to the difficulty in playgrounds considering non-disabled children. Based on these concepts, design guidelines are presented in each guideline. Improving the accessibility in design principles is a common theme and adds to the principles of safety, independence, convenience, and playability. None of the guidelines do not provide design guidelines. Although there is a difference in the degree and method of specificity provided by each of the guidelines, the design guidelines can be generally summarized as space, copper line, and unit facilities. As mentioned in many guidelines, an inclusive playground is not only a playground for children with disabilities. Therefore, in the design guidelines, it is also important to the support play of children with disabilities and to induce inclusive play. The design guidelines presented in the guideline can be rearranged into three stages of 'supporting the play of children with disabilities', 'securing the dimensions and materials of spaces and facilities', 'adding auxiliary devices' and 'designing new facilities'. There are three design guidelines for inducing inclusive play. First, by creating various difficulty levels and intersecting spaces, children with various abilities can play with each other, and at the same time, they can interact witheach other. Second, all children can cooperate and play without distinction between children with disabilities and non-disabled children. Finally, the guardian provides the conditions for efficient support so that the disabled child can fully enjoy the inclusive playground.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.26-35
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• 2009

This study is an analysis of the design changes of children's play facilities and the related rules and regulations which causes these changes. Accordingly, it is noticed that a site's change of design by legislation and by yearly alternation influences playground design. First, after revising the provisions for the distance from roads and parking lots, the constructing of safety fences between play facilities and the using of durable materials, alterations of the designs have been made a reality. Second, the design changes after the period of regulation transitions were caused by provisions related to the shelter of evergreens and conditions of the sun. Third, the changes of the playgrounds were related to the substitution of exercise facilities for the local residents and in carrying out a hygiene exam more than twice a year. Because a lack of regulatory standards for the design of playgrounds resulted in compliance based on individual interpretation and because a substitution of exercise facilities is part of the way to alleviate these regulations, the conditions of the site under investigation could be projeced. By such changes of regulations and analysis of alterations of playground design, programs for improvement were suggested. It turned out that the composition of the concrete standard in conformity with regulations required closer observance. Moreover, design standards for children's playgrounds are needed, such as the provision of variation in external appearance, the creation of more flexible layouts and the outlining of spaces by themes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2013

Since Seoul city supplied 'Sangsang Children's Playground', domestic playgrounds are changing from formal facilities to creative play and learning space recently. From eco-friendly safe playground model development project, eco-friendly playground planning and its actual cases have been occasionally introduced. However, we could not know how well most playgrounds reflect eco-friendly features and whether they are eco-friendly or not because the definition about the concept of eco-friendly playground is inadequate and there are not the specific planning guidelines and evaluation standards for making the eco-friendly playground. Therefore, the development of guidelines for the construction of eco-friendly playground is required and evaluation guidelines for them should be made for the active dissemination of the actual eco-friendly playground and the proper construction of the eco-friendly playground. In this study, we defined the concept of eco-friendly outdoor playground and presented the types and characteristics of the playground based on the concept and suggested basic plan guidelines based on the existing requirements for becoming eco-friendly playground. For this purpose, we checked the plan's common points in the existing playground configuration requirements, installation standards, regulations, and safety standards, and offered the planning elements and guidelines through the analysis of outdoor space evaluation standard in eco-friendly safe playground guidelines and eco-friendly building certification system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.87-98
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• 2015

As an apartment house as well as improving quality of life is becoming one of the brands, it is increasing the importance of the outer space with the facilities in the housing complex. In particular, the outdoor playground such as the community facilities that children and adults share as the activity areas for residents has received attention. However, actually children have not used many of Korean apartment housing playgrounds that were installed formally in the scrap area according to the housing plan by residential construction standards. it is considered necessary to improve the quality of the playground in housing complex and reform it in order to make the eco-friendly play space in which children can play safely and h healthily. As an alternative, we analyzed the eco-friendly properties of the playgrounds installed in the eco-friendly housing complex in Germany and derived the main planning elements of eco-friendly playground. In the observational survey of the 10 playgrounds in 9 housing complexes in 5 regions in Germany, we evaluated the environment-friendliness of these playgrounds in the 8 fields(location and placement, ecological environment, play space, play equipment and facilities, additional facilities, materials and resources, energy saving, environmental load reduction) according to the levels(suitable, partial reflection, unsuitable, non-reflection) of reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. The following is the summary of the results about the reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. In terms of "suitable": location and placement(88.8%), play equipment and facilities(73.5%), additional facilities(60.6%), environmental load reduction(54%), and ecological environment(50%) were higher than others. In terms of "unsuitable": there was nothing. In terms of "non-reflection": energy saving(95%), additional facilities(32.2%), and materials and resources(30.9%) were in order. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning indicators to be considered first and the planning factors that should be complemented and improved in the construction of apartment housing playground in future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.70-82
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• 2016

The playgrounds installed in the city try a variety of changes in play equipment more than traditional playgrounds, these playgrounds with formal rides are still different from nature friendly playground. For this reason, when in 2014 the department of environment pushed forward 'Aitteulag' project constructing ecological playground, the department aimed to provide the natural ecological spaces that are insufficient in the city and act as play space for children, leisure and community space for residents. Therefore, after inspecting 10 ecological playgrounds in Europe and Japan, in this study we suggested the construction guidelines of ideal ecological playground by comparing and analyzing these cases. We checked the environment-friendliness of these playgrounds in the 2 fields (playground component, ecological program) based on the ecological playground guidelines presented by the ministry of environment. The playground components are classified as siting location, spatial configurations, natural elements, play area, amusement facilities, play materials, open spaces, additional facilities. The ecological programs are divided into habitat, species, natural material, five senses. The following is the summary of the results about the reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. In terms of "habitat": bush and shade wood were highest at 95%. In terms of "species": local indigene(100%) and habitat for insects(95%) were higher than others. In terms of "natural material": wood(61.1%) was the highest. In terms of "details of wood(61.1%)": wood fence (95%), exploring wood and using sticks(85%) were higher than others. In terms of "five senses": hearing (32.1%), tactile(26.4%), and visual(23.9%) were in order. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning factors that should be considered and complemented more in the construction of domestic urban ecological playground in future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to introduce the design process for the 'natural-friendly' kindergarten playground using participatory design method. The 'A' kindergarten in Daejon was selected as a case study. The concept of the design was decided by the user's needs which draw out the pictures of children, owner's educational philosophy, and request of the teachers. As a result, the concept approached to 'our neighborhood (Korean traditional village)' image, and was planned with a focus on open space, which allows rich in natural elements(earth ground, trees, flowers vegetable farm, animals, water and sand etc.) and various play activities. And a user participatory design method proved that it was proper to design a kindergarten playground.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.137-140
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• 1999

Children usually have an endless curiosity. They sometimes show us some fanciful, various and unpredictable behaviors and they are always in need of enough space to play in, no matter where it might be. Designers have to provide children with a proper space in which they feel free to diffuse their aspirations. Three samples of apartment site in Cheongju city were selected in order to satisfy the purpose of this survey. To figure out the actual use of playground, the extent of preference and satisfaction and the requests for future betterment, this study used questionnaires, photos, interviews and observations. The conclusions of this survey are as follows and it may be expected that the results suggest a kind of guidance for designing playground on apartment sites.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.90-97
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• 2016

As the paradigm which emphasizes nurturing creative elites is introduced, more attention has been paid to children playing and their creativity. This change means that the importance of creativity is emphasized in the education of children, and furthermore, playgrounds which focus on creativity and imagination are needed. Therefore, this study examines the spatial characteristics of playgrounds for children and suggested strategies to improve them. There are five spatial characteristics of a creative playground: aesthetics, being eco-friendly, exploration, challenging and variable. Through the five characteristics, playgrounds were analysed based on ten expressive elements and the results are summarized: Creative playgrounds for children should have an attractive design with sculptural elements which stimulate children to be excited through associable shapes and abstract colors. Second, shelter type structures and a flexible flow design are needed so that children can feel free and be encouraged to explore in diverse ways. Third, as playgrounds for children provide spaces for rest in addition to play, organic facilities and eco-friendly materials for the rest space should to be used. Fourth, as childhood is a period when emotional, cognitive and physical development are achieved, organic geographical features and atypical facilities should be provided so that children can acquire extensive skills and join in physical activities. Finally, creative playgrounds for children should have mobile or variable facilities which consider the characteristics of children who want to do diverse activities and play different games. This study analysed playgrounds for children and suggested strategies to improve them. For successful design and use of creative playgrounds, it is suggested that intensive research on them and consultation with experts should be considered.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-180
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• 2014

Since Seoul city supplied 'Sangsang Children's Park', domestic children's parks are changing from formal facilities to creative play space recently. From eco-friendly safe playground model development project, the awareness of eco-friendly playground, namely children's park is increasing and its necessity is magnified. However, we could not know how well most children's parks aimed at the eco-friendly playground reflect eco-friendly features and whether they are eco-friendly or not because there are not the specific planning guidelines and evaluation standards for making the eco-friendly playground or children's park. Therefore, in this study we established the environment-friendliness evaluation standards of children's parks and estimated the environment-friendly features of the 9 parks built on the subject of green among Sangsang Children's Parks. In the observational survey of the 9 parks, we evaluated the environment-friendliness of these parks in the 8 fields(location and placement, ecological environment, play space, play equipment and facilities, additional facilities, materials and resources, energy saving, environmental load reduction) according to the levels(suitable, partial reflection, unsuitable, non-reflection) of reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. The assessment results showed that 4 items (location and placement, additional facilities, play space, play equipment and facilities) were suitable and others (energy saving, environmental load reduction, ecological environment, materials and resources) were partial reflection or unsuitable. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning indicators to be considered first and the planning factors that should be complemented and improved in the construction of eco-friendly children's park in future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

This study starts at the at-risk children(the students in the margins)' needs for the inclusive education environment who increased lately. It is studied in the limited scope, which is about spacially 'playground' and 'Sensory integrative therapy' in terms of the special education therapy. The 6 environmental setting principles are suggested, which is redefined in terms of suitable for applying to the environment design based on the training way and arbitration principle of J. Ayres' Sensory integrative therapy. And then various environment design methods are drawn from above-mentioned 6 principles, they are categorized in 4 elements for environmental setting - sensory element, behavior element, mental element and design expression element. This trial brings daily practice of therapeutic stimulate to sensory integration dysfunction children, and sensory experiential diversity promoting development to general children. Expecially it has some advantage that at-risk children(the students in the margins) feel a sense of belonging as a member of society.