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Characteristics of Inclusive Playground Guidelines

통합놀이터 가이드라인의 특성

  • Received : 2018.09.05
  • Accepted : 2018.12.10
  • Published : 2018.12.31

Abstract

The inclusive playground is a playground where disabled children and non-disabled children can play together, not a playground for the disabled. It started with the change of social awareness of the citizenship rights of disabled people in the 1960s and the resulting playgrounds. Since then, inclusive playgrounds have been developed in many countries, and these are organized in the form by guidelines. In Korea, social interest in inclusive playgrounds is increasing, but there are no systematic guidelines in Korea, and the application of overseas cases or guidelines is limited. The purpose of this study is to classify the concept of inclusive playgrounds and design guidelines, that were previously presented in inclusive playground design guideline of various countries and analyze the characteristics of, design scope, and design principles, and provide a basic framework for creating guidelines. The purpose of the design guideline was to present specific numerical values to the inclusive playground design guidelines, to link with academic research and industrial products, to present pursuit values, and to expand the value of pursuing design methods. The contents were covered by scope, conceptualization, principles of design and design process, design guidelines, and checklists. Most of the guideline covers specific autonomous governments or countries that can apply the related systems or laws, but the composition of the detailed contents is different. The guiding value of inclusive playgrounds presented in each guideline is not a playground for the disabled but a playground for all, and some guidelines refer to the difficulty in playgrounds considering non-disabled children. Based on these concepts, design guidelines are presented in each guideline. Improving the accessibility in design principles is a common theme and adds to the principles of safety, independence, convenience, and playability. None of the guidelines do not provide design guidelines. Although there is a difference in the degree and method of specificity provided by each of the guidelines, the design guidelines can be generally summarized as space, copper line, and unit facilities. As mentioned in many guidelines, an inclusive playground is not only a playground for children with disabilities. Therefore, in the design guidelines, it is also important to the support play of children with disabilities and to induce inclusive play. The design guidelines presented in the guideline can be rearranged into three stages of 'supporting the play of children with disabilities', 'securing the dimensions and materials of spaces and facilities', 'adding auxiliary devices' and 'designing new facilities'. There are three design guidelines for inducing inclusive play. First, by creating various difficulty levels and intersecting spaces, children with various abilities can play with each other, and at the same time, they can interact witheach other. Second, all children can cooperate and play without distinction between children with disabilities and non-disabled children. Finally, the guardian provides the conditions for efficient support so that the disabled child can fully enjoy the inclusive playground.

통합놀이터는 장애인 전용 놀이터가 아닌 장애아동과 비장애아동 모두가 함께 놀 수 있는 놀이터이며, 1960년대 미국에서 장애인들의 시민권이 추구되면서 이루어진 놀이터를 보는 사회적 인식 변화로 시작되었다. 이후 통합놀이터는 여러 나라에서 발전되었으며, 실천방식은 가이드라인의 형태로 정리되었다. 국내에서도 통합놀이터를 향한 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있으나, 해외 사례나 가이드라인을 단편적으로 적용하는 데 그치고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여러 나라의 통합놀이터 디자인 가이드라인의 유형을 분류하고, 각각의 가이드라인에서 제시하는 통합놀이터의 개념, 디자인 원칙 및 세부 지침을 분석하여 국내 통합놀이터 디자인 가이드라인 작성을 위한 기초적 틀을 제공하려 한다. 디자인 가이드라인의 목적은 구체적 설계 지침, 학문적 연구와 산업체 제품 연계, 추구 가치의 사회적 확산과 실현, 디자인 방법을 통한 추구 가치를 확장 등으로 나타났다. 목적에 따라 내용의 구성은 차이를 보이고 있다. 공통적인 추구 가치는 장애인만을 위한 놀이터가 아닌 모두를 위한 놀이터로 몇몇 가이드라인에서는 이를 구현하는 방식으로 난이도를 언급하고 있다. 디자인 원칙을 살펴보았을 때 접근성 향상은 공통적이나 경우에 따라 안정성, 독립성, 편의성, 놀이성 같은 원칙을 더하고 있다. 모든 가이드라인이 디자인 지침을 제공하지 않으며, 디자인 지침을 제공하고 있더라도 구체성의 정도와 방식에는 차이가 있다. 디자인 지침은 장애아동 놀이 지원과 통합놀이의 유도로 크게 구분할 수 있고, 장애아동 놀이지원은 '공간 및 시설물의 치수 및 재질 확보', '보조장치 추가', '새로운 시설물 디자인' 세 단계로 구분하여 정리할 수 있다. 통합놀이 유도를 위한 디자인 지침은 '다양한 난이도와 교차 공간 조성', '협력하며 놀기의 조건 제공', '보호자의 효율적 지원을 위한 조건 제공'으로 요약된다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 환경에 집중하였으나, 사회적으로는 아동의 놀 권리 보장이 이루어져야 하고 장애인을 향한 사회적 태도는 배제에서 통합으로 전환되어야 한다. 또한 통합 놀이 프로그램의 개발 및 관련 종사자 양성, 놀이 환경의 유지 및 관리 등 다양한 측면이 고려되어야 한다. 이에 통합놀이터 조성 이후의 운영과 관리를 위한 인적, 사회적 인프라 구축, 제도 정비를 다루는 후속 연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

References

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