• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.67-91
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to analyze thematically everyday lives (food, clothing, shelter, spending, and leisure) of single women in their thirties or forties. As a result of the analysis, everyday lives of single women could be grouped into five main categories of themes which may be labeled as 'Self', 'Relationship', 'Survival', 'Preparation for the future', 'Freedom and hidden side of the freedom'. As for the first category of themes 'Self', three sub-themes have been found including "Only for me", "Perfection of self", "My own style". Next, as for the second category 'Relationship', two sub-themes have been found including "With her family (For her family, still under the protection of her family)", "With other people (Pleasures with people, Comfortable with single friends, Communicating with the world)". As for the third category 'Survival', three sub-themes have been found including "Health", "Safety", "Practice of living alone", As for the fourth category 'Preparation for the future', three sub-themes have been found including, 'Good spending', 'Savings for later life', 'Leisure in later life'. And finally, as for the fifth category 'Freedom and hidden side of the freedom', two sub-themes have been identified including "I am free because I'm alone (Freedom from bondage of my family, Compensation for being alone)", "Hidden side of the freedom (Fear, dislike feeling and insecurities due to being alone, Overcoming loneliness or solitude)". In all, there are eighteen sub-themes to consider. On the basis of these results, we presented some conclusions on the Everyday Lives of Single Women in their thirties or forties. We also presented some implications of these results on population education and future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.468-482
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• 2016

To understand variations in the seawater quality of Asan Bay over four seasons form December 2011 to February 2013, we applied two methods: an in-situ observation of water quality and a comparison study of nutrient budgets among three parts (No. 1, 2, and 3) of Asan Bay. We found a significantly high nutrient concentration in the central part of the bay (No. 2) in July 2012 both in the mass balance study and in situ observation. We presumed the source of these nutrients to be both benthic effluence from old dam reservoirs and incompletely-treated municipal waste-water. This elevated nutrient concentration in the central part of Asan Bay (No. 2) expended to off-shore area and eventually triggered an intense Chl-a concentration in Asan Bay. Based on this result, we suggest improved waste-water quality control around the drainage area of Asan Bay.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.61-85
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• 2014

Lately, as the problem of the aged poverty becomes a big social issue, this paper studies the problem of financial stability with respect to the income and consumption of before-and-after retirement generations. After dividing the data in Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA) into retired and non-retired groups, this study compares the difference among ageing groups by cross analysis and t-test. First, the result tells that the total personal income of retired group is lower than the one of non-retired group. Second, the public pension income benefit ratio of retired group is only 30% of it's total income, and the amount of public pension appears to be 40% of the total pension income. The benefit ratio of the personal pension income is low as about 1% in both groups, The private transfer income of the retired group takes relatively large portion in its total personal income. Third, as people gets older, financial stability gets worse because consumption does not decrease as much as the income decreases. Fourth, it is turned out that the expectation of old life supporting from nation is low in both groups. Fifth, the factors that affects the income of the public pension in the retired group are gender, age, education, and health status, when compared with the factors to the personal total income of the non-retired group. In terms of policy, this paper emphasizes the needs of the intensification of the public pension and the support for the revitalization of the personal pension.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.267-278
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• 2013

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to identify the correlation of the Value on marriage, Children and Sexual attitude in college students. Method: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that consisted of Value on marriage, Children and Sexual attitude from 2 colleges located in K-city. Final participants included 1,057 students. Results: Sexual attitude related to the value on marriage were differences in the family relationships first, to a celibate life, concerned about marriage, to get married at the age, should marry him, sex regardless, divorce can be even if child, Related to the child were necessity of children, to help economically, to fulfill the dream of parents, to put the house line, duty to society. Sexual attitude were inverse correlated to the religion, grade, valuable things as parents, necessity of children. Conclusion: Sexual attitude for college students significantly related value on marriage and children. In order to value on marriage and child according to the change on sexual attitude is recommended diverse healthy strategy in college students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.196-205
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• 2016

The exhaust gas discharged by cars not only threatens the health of the human body, but also contributes to global warming, due to the resulting increase in the concentrations of ozone, fine dust and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the government has steadily implemented careful inspection systems for exhaust emissions, in order to efficiently regulate the exhaust gas of cars. Studies on reducing the exhaust emissions of automobiles have been conducted in various fields, including ones designed to reduce the generation of HC, NOx, and $CO_2$ in the exhaust emission of vehicles. However, there have been insufficient studies on the reduction of the exhaust emission for old diesel vehicles. To develop careful inspection systems for the exhaust emissions of old diesel vehicles, studies on the reduction of the exhaust emissions and improvement of power are necessary by cleaning the carbon sediment in both the intake manifold and injector. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed and compared the amounts of gas emitted when simultaneously cleaning or not cleaning the intake manifold and injector of diesel automobiles with mileages over 80,000 km and operating periods over 5 years. The experimental results showed that in the case where the intake manifold and injector were simultaneously cleaned, there was a decline of 75.2% in the gas emission compared to the cases where only the manifold or injector is cleaned. Also, it was found that simultaneously cleansing the intake manifold and injector enabled the exhaust standard to be satisfied for less than 30% within 8.5 sec.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2018

As Korea became one of the oldest countries in the world, successful aging emerged as an important issue to individuals as well as to society. This study aims to determine not only the Korean seniors' happiness and unhappiness factors but also the means to enhance their happiness and deal with unhappiness. We collected news articles related to the happiness and unhappiness of seniors with nine keywords based on Alderfer's ERG Theory. We then applied a topic modeling technique, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, to examine the main issues underlying the seniors' happiness and unhappiness. According to the analysis, we investigated the conditions of happiness and unhappiness by inspecting the topics based on each keyword. We also conducted a detailed analysis based on the main factors from topic modeling. We proposed specific ways to increase and overcome the happiness and unhappiness of seniors, respectively, in terms of government, corporate, family, and other social welfare organizations. This study indicates the major factors that affect the happiness and unhappiness of seniors. Specific methods to boost happiness and relief unhappiness are suggested from the additional analysis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2016

This study is to examine the effect that the degree of alcohol use and the factor of family relationship have on alcohol related problem with elderly people over 65 years old. The study utilized the data from Korea Welfare Panel Study in 2014 published in 2015, which is annually conducted nationwide study. AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) of the World Health Organization scale to assess the drinking problem in the study was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Presenting some discussions on the basis of the results of this study is as follows. First, looking at a cross-analysis of gender differences in drinking problems, elderly men and elderly women showed different degrees of alcohol problems. Second, looking at demographic characteristics that influence whether a drinking problem, younger age showed a serious drinking problem. Third, looking at the effect that depression and family relationship have on alcohol problem, depression appeared to have relatively more serious effect than the family relationship. According to the above finding, physical and mental health for healthy aging are important factors of the quality of life so a preventive approach to maintain healthy habits is considered to be essential.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.191-199
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• 2015

This paper studies the composition of income sources of the elderly and the difference of sources of income by the elderly characteristics. First, the results of analysis on the structure of sources of income show the average income of the elderly appears 7.7million won the consists of 3.0million won from market, 2.5million won from nation, 2.2million won from family. Income sources of the elderly are dependent on business income, property income, earned income in the market. Second, the results of differences analysis in demographic characteristics, men get a lot of income through the market and nation, while women get through families. Market income is high younger and family income is the more older. Depending on where you live, family income and national income is higher relatively urbanized. Third, the results of analysis by depending on the income, level of national income and market income is higher, while family income is high-income the case less income. Fourth, differences in health status by analysis of the sources of income have higher levels of health status and market high and lower income families rely heavily on the private sector, such as can be seen. Therefore, market and family income is higher than another countries. and the complement of public income support system is required for vulnerable people.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.905-923
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting the conflict between grandparents raising grandchildren and adult children. The data were based on the panel survey to explore korean retirement and income study conducted by National Pension Service in 2009. For this study, 287 parenting grandparents rearing grandchild are selected from the survey. Included variables are a demographic factor, a economic factor, a caregiving-related factor, a health factor, and a family relationship factor. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, co-relation and logistic regression, with SPSS WIN 18.0 program. The results are as follows: First, when grandparents are male, older, highly educated, having no religion, and unemployed, a conflict with their adult children grows. Second, when grandparents do not have earned income or financial income, but have private income transfers, a conflict with their adult children is high. Third, when grandchildren are younger, there are no caregiving rewards, economic activities suspension or reduction because of caregiving, a conflict with their adult children is strong. Also, when grandparents' physical health is good, but their mental health is poor, a conflict with their adult children increases. Fourth, when grandparents' satisfactions with family relationship and spouse relationship are low, but their satisfaction with adult children relationship is high, a conflict with their adult children rises. This study suggests that unlike in the past, grandparents raising grandchildren can no longer make sacrifice themselves for their adult children, but they expect proper exchange between parents and children. Therefore, there needs to be understanding of grandparents raising grandchildren and further studies of a conflict between grandparents raising grandchildren their adult children.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.113-130
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• 2015

This study is to identify urban characteristics affecting obesity of elementary, middle and high school students. Most of previous studies in Korea discussed healthy city focusing on adults. We list up possible urban characteristic factors that are considered to affect adolescent obesity from previous studies, and then conduct regression analysis to find policy implications in urban planning. Based on the physical examination data of adolescent students in Seoul from the Ministry of Education, we set the rate of obese students by school as a dependent variable. Urban characteristic variables are set as explanatory variables, and measured by buffer analysis within 500m, 1000m and 1500m. The result of regression analysis shows that the obese rate of students increases with adults' lower education level, higher rate of non-apartment houses, older age of houses and more homogeneous land use. However, the result does not indicate that population density, accessibility to public transportation and the urban park are significant factors for adolescent obesity. Based on this result, urban planning policy for promoting adolescent health should be discussed further.