• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

중증 유아기 우식증의 유병률과 섭식행위요인을 연구하기 위하여, 익산시 취학 전 어린이 672명을 대상으로 상악 유전치 우식 유병률을 조사하고, 어린이의 보육자들을 대상으로 섭식행위요인 등에 관한 질문지 조사를 시행하였다. 연구대상 어린이의 상악 유전치 우식 유병률은 34.5%이었다. 수유 중 잠드는 습관이 있을 때, 젖병에 시거나 단 음료를 넣어 먹이는 습관이 있을 때, 노리개젖꼭지를 무는 습관이 있을 때, 상악 유전치 우식 유병률이 유의하게 더 높았다(p<0.05). 출생체중, 모유수유기간, 젖병사용기간, 빨대컵으로 먹는 습관은 상악 유전치 우식 유병률과 유의한 연관성이 나타나지 않았다. 모유수유기간이 길수록 수유 중 잠드는 습관이 많았으며, 노리개젖꼭지를 무는 습관이 적었다. 젖병사용기간이 길수록 노리개젖꼭지를 무는 습관이 많았다. 수유 중 잠드는 습관이 있을 때 젖병에 시거나 단 음료를 넣어 먹이는 습관이 많았고, 빨대컵으로 먹는 습관이 많았으며, 노리개젖꼭지를 무는 습관이 많았다. 젖병에 시거나 단 음료를 넣어 먹이는 습관이 있을 때 빨대컵으로 먹는 습관이 많았고, 노리개젖꼭지를 무는 습관이 많았다. 빨대컵으로 먹는 습관이 있을 때 노리개젖꼭지를 무는 습관이 많았다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2010

In this study, textile designs were developed by applying Norigae for motives, were digital-printed for it's eco-friendly, delicate and short printing time and as final products, necktie, bag and bedding was developed with them. The purposes of this study were to develop a unique textile design, and then to enhance the competitiveness of Korean textile industry in the world market and pass down a Korean traditional fiber art cultural legacy. The results are as follows Norigaes are a sort of Korean traditional ornaments worn on women's Korean traditional costume. These can vary in color, material, shape, composition and said to have very high artistic value from the standpoint of the modern view. And these are symbols of happiness and women's longing of Korean traditional society. So Norigaes are worthy of applying Korean traditional motive for modern textile design. The textile designs applied a Norigae in this study were estimated comparatively high.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the effect of nonnutritive sucking(NNS) on the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and behavioral state of premature infants. Method: From December 15, 2004 to February 15, 2005, 20 premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units were assigned to an experimental group (10), or a control group (10). Circular pacifiers for premature infants (Johnson, U.S.A.), which had been packed with $2{\times}2$ gauzes to create a vacuum, were used for 5 minutes, one hour after feeding for 5 days. Heart rates and oxygen saturation were checked every minute for 10 minutes once a day and behavioral states were monitored through video recording at the same time. Results: Changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation and behavioral state were found to show significant differences between the experimental group and the control group according to the point in time, and interactions were found between the group and the point of time. However, for behavioral state, no significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control group after the NNS was removed. Conclusion: From the results of this study it is possible to conclude that NNS is a positive intervention to bring about increased oxygen saturation and soothed behavioral state for premature infants.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is to assess and compare the analgegic effects of $25\%$ sucrose coating pacifier and pacifier. Method: The participants are 75 healthy infants of neonatal age 1-7 days and randomized to receive heel prick before 2 minutes to blood sampling and physiological test in Nursery of A Medical Center from 24. January to 28, February, 2003. The experimental group assigned to one of three treatment groups: no treatment, a pacifier, $25\%$ sucrose coating pacifier. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 11.0 program using $x^2$-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe, repeated mesured ANOVA. Results: The pain score of $25\%$ sucrose coating pacifier is lower than no treatment group and pacifier group. In heart rate, there were statistical significant differences between three groups. In repiratory rate, there were no statistical significant differences between three groups. In $SaO_2$, there were statistical significant difference between three groups. Conclusion: The $25\%$ sucrose coating pacifier showed pain relief effect in behavior responses and heart rate and $SaO_2$. Accordingly, the sucrose coating pacifier should be applied nursing intervention for simple pain management as heel prick.

• 복식
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• 제18권
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• pp.373-381
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• 1992

Woman in Choson era had various kind of accdssories like rings, ear ring, ornamentak hairpins and so on. Among them their favorite was the Norigae, the pendent trinket. With the embroidered ornament at its center, beads and knots were attached to the upper and lower part, and it was hung with a tassel. It was carried on the string of the Chogori. norigae oreginated in waist string of Three Countries era(Sills, Paekje and Koguryo) ; had been changed with the development of fashion, embroidery and the influence of Buddhistic culture. The differences between Embroidered Norigae and Norigae are following. If the ornament at its center is made of such jewels as gold, silver, jade and the like, it is called Norigae. But if the ornament at its center is made of the embroidered Norigae. Such a Embroidered Norigae in which perfume was contained, was as a perfume box or a perfume bag and was carried on the strings of Chogori by Danjak(single work). The Differences between ancient Embroidered Norigae of late Choson era and modern Embroidered Norigae are Following; 1) The type of main body-the embroidered ornament at its center was mainly embroidered with the shape of animals in both of ancient Embroidered Norigae was usually formes like a bat and that of modern Embroidered Norigae like butterfly. 2) plants were adapted as the main design of ancient Embroidered Norigae, but plants and animals as that of modern Embroidered Norigae. 3) The colors of the background and the design are usually red in both ancient and modern Embroidered norigae. 4) The tassels of ancient Embroidered Norigae were mode in the shape of srick and a strawberry. but the tassels of modern Embroidered Norigae were mainly made in the shape of a stick. 5) Nowadays the beauty of external form is considered more important while the symbol of main body was considered more important in Choson era. 6) The role of Thidon in the composition of Embroidered Norigae is declined and a lot of main bodies are used in modern Embroidered Norigae. 7) Modern Korean people are apt to choose Embroidered Norigae depending upon the design of main body and the traditional Korean beauty. 8) Modern people who desire to get new thing, try to make the design of main body various. As their cognition of Korean tradition is of the increase, the restoration of ancient Embroidered Norigae to its original form has been accom

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the pain reducing effects of the dextrose-coated pacifier on venipuncture in premature infants. Methods: The design of this study is a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design and a crossover trial. The analysed cases were 40 premature infants (20 in experimental group and 20 in control group) in neonatal intensive care unit of a University Hospital, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. The data were collected from April to October, 2009. The experimental treatment was carried out nursing 20% dextrose-coated pacifier on venipuncture for IV injection. The instruments were $O_2$ saturation and heart rate on pulse oxymeter monitor to measure physiologic pain responses, and NIPS to measure behavioral pain responses. Collected data were analyzed with $x_2$ test, t-test using SPSS program. Results: The effects of the 20% dextrose-coated pacifier were found in the physiologic (only heart rate) and behavioral pain response on venipuncture. Conclusion: These finding is suggested that the dextrose-coated pacifier could be an effective nursing intervention for reducing pain on venipuncture in premature infants.

• 복식
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.51-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is not to look at the history of traditional accessories or the characteristics of their shapes but to discern imitations ￡Tom authentic items by exploring imitations of traditional accessories-- many of which were made in the late 20th century -- from private museums and university museums in order to help scholars assess relics. Among many kinds of accessories in the Joseon dynasty, only norigae, one of the representative accessories, and women hair ornaments are selected for this study since many of the relics have been recovered to date. Given this, this study will consider firstly the general history of norigae and women's hair ornaments, and secondly, prove several examples as relics from the late 20th century while they are marked as relics from the Joseon dynasty by comparing authentic items. Thirdly, among the imitations of the late 20th century, this study will find those so-called "original" imitations whose production origins are unidentified Fourthly, this study will explore the imitations, which were influenced by the influx of items and materials from China. It is important to discern low-quality relics as well as to correct the production time. Some producers exercised their creativity and made relics non-native to Korea. These relics shouldn't be presented at international exhibitions. Restored relics should be noted so and their quality should be equal to the authentic items. It is suggested that relics without the identity and quality of native Korean relics not baffle cultural interchanges and enhance national glory.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2006

목 적 : 신생아에서 포도당의 경구 투여, 국소 마취 크림인 $EMLA^{(R)}$와 노리개 젖꼭지의 통증 감소 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 3월부터 12월까지 조선대학교병원 신생아실에 입원한 신생아들을 대상으로 4가지 방법으로 통증 감소를 측정하였다. 제 A군(대조군)은 아무것도 투여하지 않은 군, 제 B군은 $EMLA^{(R)}$ 크림을 바른 군, 제 C군은 10% 포도당액을 먹인 군, 제 D군은 30% 포도당액을 먹인 군, 마지막 제 E군은 노리개 젖꼭지를 물린 군으로 나누어서 통증의 감소를 비교하였다. 통증의 평가는 PIPP 점수를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 미숙아와 만삭아 사이에서 평균 PIPP 점수에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 각 군의 평균 PIPP 점수를 보면 A군 $12.5{\pm}2.5$, B군 $10.1{\pm}2.6$, C군 $9.4{\pm}2.0$, D군 $6.5{\pm}2.1$, E군이 $8.7{\pm}2.3$로 대조군에 비해서 다른 군들이 유의하게 낮았다($EMLA^{(R)}$ 크림군 P<0.05, 그 외 모두, P<0.001). D군의 평균점수가 B, C, E군들의 평균 PIPP 점수에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(각각, P<0.001, P<0.005, P<0.05). 통증을 느끼는 PIPP 6점 이상의 비율을 비교하면 A군 100%, B군 82%, C군 56%, D군 40%, E군은 70%로 D군에서 가장 낮았다. 심한 통증을 느끼는 PIPP 12점 이상의 비율을 비교하면 A군 72%, B군 30%, C군 22%, D군 0%, E군은 14%로 D군이 가장 낮았다. 결 론 : 신생아에서 통증의 감소에 포도당액의 경구 투여, $EMLA^{(R)}$ 크림, 노리개 젖꼭지가 모두 효과가 있었으며, 특히 30% 포도당액의 경구 투여가 가장 효과적이었다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.6-21
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• 2022

본고는 귀이개라는 특정 공예품이 시대의 흐름에 따라 변화하는 양상을 통해 당대의 물질문화에 주목하고자 하였다. 2장에서 귀이개에 관한 용어 정리를 하고, 조선후기 단편적인 문헌을 통해 귀이개의 사용 문화를 살펴보았다. 귀이개는 첫 번째로 개인의 수신을 위한 위생도구였고, 두 번째로 남성들의 선추에 다는 구성품으로 상징적인 역할을 하였다. 3장에서는 시대별로 귀이개의 형태를 분류하고, 각 형태별 특징적인 장식기법을 살펴보았다. 고려시대 귀이개는 사용목적이 위생도구였으며, 형태에 따라 단독형, 복합형으로 구분된다. 단독형에는 각봉형, 손잡이형, 판형이 있으며, 복합형에는 족집게일체형, 리벳분리형이 있다. 손잡이형 귀이개에서 고려시대의 장식기법을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 선각, 금도금, 바탕에 누정기법으로 찍은 첩호(疊弧)문, 납입사로 화려하게 장식되었다. 조선시대 귀이개는 사용목적에 따라 위생도구와 장신구로 크게 분류된다. 위생도구는 단독형, 복합형으로 나뉘고, 장신구로 사용되는 귀이개 종류로는 뒤꽂이, 노리개, 선추 등이 있다. 귀이개 장신구는 성별에 따라 여성은 뒤꽂이, 노리개로, 남성은 선추로 사용되었다. 조선시대 귀이개의 장식기법은 주로 귀이개 뒤꽂이에서 볼 수 있었다. 칠보기법으로 다양한 색을 내거나 보석감장으로 장식하였다. 그동안 공예품 중 일상도구에 관한 연구가 미진하였다. 일상도구를 통해 시대의 흐름을 읽고 물질문화에 접근하려는 시도가 활발하게 이루어지길 바란다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to examine formative features of embroidered norigae in form, color, pattern and expressive technique through positive analysis of relics and various of collections of work and to consider expressive features of embroidered norigae. The results of the study were as follows. First, embroidered norigae has handcrafted decoration. it was made by being sewed for women longing for their family's happiness. Embroidered norigae is a dress worn by women that is hung on a coat string or the waist part of a skirt. Second, it is eco-environmental. Embroidered norigae applied things seen in nature such as flowers, butterflies and bees to its pattern. Third, it has practicality. Embroidered norigae has high practical value besides a decorative function. Needle case norigae and incense case norigae provide functions in accordance with women's wisdom and skill as well as practicality. Fourth, it is praying for good luck. Women embroidered patterns symbolizing their desires in life such as their family's happiness, wealth, many sons and a long life. Fifth, it has balance and harmony. The knot of embroidered norigae has a perfect symmetry in the front/back part and in the right/left part. And the main body and tassel are symetrical in the right/left part, which gives stability and comfortableness. Embroidered norigae is classified into knot, main body and decorative part in its form. The three kinds express their unique beauty by being harmonized together. Finally, it has a property of melody. Movement of the tassel has a property of melody shaken by the wind and movement of its wearer.