• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.4C
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• pp.362-369
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• 2007

APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) digital modulation is characterized by the circular positioning of the transmission symbols in the constellation diagram. Due to such structural characteristics, the peak-to-average power ratio of the APSK modulation is lower than that of the QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), and the amount of performance degradation over nonlinear channels can be mitigated. The APSK modulation scheme has recently been adopted as satellite communication system standards including the DVB-S2 (Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite, Version 2). In this paper, a BER (Bit Error Rate) upper bound approximation formula is derived using the channel model with the output power saturation characteristics, and its accuracy is demonstrated. Using the derived formula, the input power level that minimizes the BER is determined. The optimized performance based on the radii ratio of the 16APSK constellation and the channel saturation level is also presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association for Survey Research Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.37-57
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• 2001

Much effort has been made to measure regional difference showing the pattern of regionalism in Korea. Focusing the concept of social distance, this paper examines various election and regional preference data. The paper presets three major findings. First current election data show clear regional cleavage. Second, regional discrimination and prejudice is often found in one' s everyday life. Third, political aspect of regionalism is strongly related to social aspect of regionalism. These findings suggest that regionalism in Korea will survive for the time being. The regionalism is rooted in everyday life. To political elites, it became an attractive and economic way to maintain their power. This tendency will promote the preference for parliamentary system among political elites and the possibility of appearance of regional party.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.191-219
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• 2015

The Japanese government has announced that it would invest 30 billion yen in iPS cell research for the next 10 year, and the Japan National Assembly has made an act that supports the iPS cell research. This study analyzes 1) the current trend and application field of stem cell research under Japan; 2) recent policy and regulation change in stem cell research and its application under Japan. This treatise reviews about "Act for Promoting Regenerative Medicine", "Act for Assuring Safety of Regenerative Medicine", and "the Revision of Pharmaceutical Act under Japan. This study may serve as the fundamental reference for the improvements of legal and institutional systems with regard to regulations on the stem cell research under Korea.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.613-627
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• 2014

Elementary textbook ${\ll}Mathematics\;4-2{\gg}$ first published in 2014 according to the 2009 elementary mathematics curriculum has been dealing with concave polygons which were not treated in elementary textbooks according to the previous curriculum. However, n the present paper, to show that there is a need to reconsider the handling of the concave polygons, after discussions about the polygon, problems in handling the concave polygons were discussed in next two viewpoints: Does 2009 elementary mathematics curriculum allow handling of the concave polygons? are there any logical leaps in handling of the concave polygon? And the following reasons to reconsider the handling of the concave polygons are presented as conclusions. First, there was no process of publicizing the handling of the concave polygon. Second, the evidences that will justify the handling of the concave polygon can not be found in 2009 elementary mathematics curriculum. Third, there are logical leaps in the handling of the concave polygons. Fourth, there is no consistency in handling the concave polygons.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.607-614
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• 2010

Handwriting identifications are often faced with difficulties in evaluating handwriting by persons under the influence of alcohol. Cerebellar dysfunction is associated with deficits in the control of movement extent, as well as changes in the amplitude and relative amounts of acceleration and deceleration and action tremor. Although numerous articles are available on the subject of alcohol influence on handwriting quality, most of them were based on empirical data such as experience method, without any statistical evaluation. In this study, Hangul signature giyeok and nieun of consonant were measured in samples of handwriting. The result of this study can be used as a basic data of comparison on handwriting by identifying consistency of features and relative individualization of.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.627-634
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the employment policy for persons with disabilities, and to propose a policy development plan to promote employment of persons with disabilities in North Korea. For this purpose, this study reviewed the laws and employment status related in persons with disabilities in North Korea through literature studies and secondary data analysis as the context of the policy analysis. Since then, North Korea's employment policy for persons with disabilities was analyzed according to the framework of Gilbert and Specht(1974). The results of this study are as follows. First, the benefits of the North Korean employment policy for persons with disabilities are employment benefits and vocational skills development benefits. Second, segregated employment is mainly composed of employment policy for persons with disabilities. Third, the allocation of employment policy for persons with disabilities is centered on persons with mild and physical disabilities. Fourth, the delivery system of employment policy for persons with disabilities is segmented around the Cabinets and the People's Committee of each municipality. Based on the results of this analysis, this study suggests the development of employment policy for persons with disabilities in North Korea through the revision of regulations, the diversification of benefits, and the reorganization of delivery systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1931-1940
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a new hand shape recognition algorithm based on the geometric features using the convex-hull from the depth image acquired by Kinect system. Kinect is a camera providing a depth image and user's skeleton information and used for detecting hand region. In the proposed algorithm, hand region is detected in a depth image acquired by Kinect and convex-hull of the region is found. Boundary points caused by noise and unnecessary points for recognition are eliminated in the convex-hull that changes depending on hand shape. Hand shape is recognized by the sum of internal angle of a polygon that is matched with convex-hull reconstructed with selected boundary points. Through experiments, we confirm that proposed algorithm shows high recognition rate not only for five models but also those cases rotated.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.37-66
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• 2017

Massive civic protests and consequent presidential impeachment requires a serious revisiting to democratic theories of Korean democracy. This paper explores the strengths and limitations of macro and micro approaches. Changes in democratic realities was manifested on three fronts. First, the rise of new political subject, that is, participants to massive protest. Second, changing nexus between representative institutions and civic protests. Third, parliamentarization of presidential democracy. Specifically macro approach has changed its negative assessment of democracy into positive evaluation. Macro theory has to revisit it's notion of 'minjung' to cope with the rise of new subject. Also macro approach has to struggle with the declining role of civic organizations and political activists. Micro approach has to deal with new mode of networking among citizens and to unravel the evolving relation between democratic institutions and civic protests. In sum, theories need to expand the analytic scope, to revitalize analytic tools and to rebalance value judgment and analytical efforts.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2012

Local monitoring is an effective technique in securing data of wireless sensor networks. Existing solutions require high communication cost for detecting false data and this results in a network lifetime being shortened. This paper proposes novel techniques of monitoring based secure data aggregation and filtering false data in wireless sensor networks. The aim is to reduce energy consumption in securing data aggregation. An aggregator and its monitoring node perform data aggregation in a 60o sextant cluster. By checking Message Authentication Codes (MAC), aggregation data will be dropped by a forward aggregator if data aggregated by the aggregator and data monitored by the monitoring node are inconsistent. The simulation shows that the proposed protocol can reduce the amount of average energy consumption about 64% when comparing with the Data Aggregation and Authentication protocol (DAA)[1]. Additionally, the network lifetime of the proposed protocol is 283% longer than that of DAA without any decline in data integrity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.792-795
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• 2012

애드 혹 네트워크(MANET: Mobile Ad hoc NETworks)는 기본적인 내부구조(infrastructure) 없이 노드들만으로 네트워크 망을 구성한다. 경로 탐색 정책으로 리액티브(reactive) 방식과 프로액티브(proactive) 방식이 있는데, 전통적으로 리액티브 방식의 성능이 더 좋은 것으로 평가된다. 그리고 두가지 방식의 장점을 취합한 하이브리드(hybrid) 방식의 클러스터 토폴로지(cluster topology) 도입에 관한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그 중, HCR(Hybrid Cluster Routing)이 제안되었는데, 이는 프로액티브 방식에 보다 중심을 둔 기법이다. HCR 은 리액티브 방식 경로 탐색 방법인 플라딩(flooding)의 탐색 지역을 한정된 범위로 제한할 수 있으나, 프로액티브 방식의 전체 네트워크 구성 정보 유지에 따른 막대한 오버헤드를 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 오버헤드를 줄이기 위해, 클러스터 내부 경로 탐색 기법인 MICF(Maginot path based Intra Cluster Flooding)를 제안한다. MICF 는 HCR 을 개선한 FSRS(First Search and Reverse Setting) 기반의 기법으로서, 클러스터 내부의 마지노 패스(maginot path)를 기준으로 경로 탐색 지역을 제한한다. MICF 는 게이트웨이(gateway) 간 최단 거리가 항상 클러스터 헤드(cluster head)를 중점으로 원의 내각 지역에 존재함을 바탕으로 하며, 최단 경로의 보장과 플라딩 지역 제한을 동시에 만족한다. 실험 결과, MICF 는 FSRS 기반의 기존 클러스터 내부 플라딩 방식보다 총 에너지의 7.79%만큼 더 에너지를 보존하였다. 결론적으로, MICF 역시 기존의 방식보다 에너지를 더 효율적으로 사용할 수 있으며, 마지노패스 설정과 이를 기반으로 한 제어 과정에 추가적인 오버헤드가 발생하지 않는다. 그리고 플라딩 면적이 작을수록 오버헤드가 줄어들게 됨을 알 수 있다.