• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2017

An anti-aging compound ethyl (4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboxyamido) benzoate) rapidly crystallizes in emulsion systems, and a flavonoid 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone bearing a whitening function causes coloration of cosmetic compounds when mixed with metal oxides. In this study, an electrospray method was used to encapsulate water-insoluble bioactive compounds in polymeric microparticles. Poly (methyl methacrylate) and polycaprolactone were used to encapsulate ethyl (4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboxyamido) benzoate) and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone, respectively. It was found that polymer concentration, the structure of electrospray nozzle, and compatibility between polymers and bioactive compounds were important factors in the preparation of the particles. Polycaprolactone particles encapsulating 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone was effective in preventing coloration of a cosmetic compound when mixed with metal oxides.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.565-572
• /
• 2005

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of insoluble dietary fiber (Vitacel®) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs. A total of 96 pigs that averaged 6.49$\pm$0.52kg BW and 23$\pm$2.1d age were allocated in a randomized block design with two pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Pigs and feeders were weighed 10-days interval for the 40-d trials to determine ADG, ADFI and feed:gain ratio(F:G). Pigs were fed one of four diets:1) Control diet (C) 2) C+0.3% insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) 3) C+0.6% IDF and 4) c+0.9% IDF. For the determination of fecal nutrients digestibility, pigs were fed diets(diet 2) with 1% Celite-545(Fluka) as a marker and feces were collected on $9^{th}$ day and $18^{th}$ day after feeding diet 2. During the whole experimental period, pigs fed diet with 0.3% IDF have significantly higher ADG than other dietary treatment groups(P<0.05). ADG of pigs fed diet with 0.6% IDF was higher than that of pigs fed control diet(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in ADG between control group and 0.9% IDF group(P>0.05). ADFI of pigs fed diet with 0.3% IDF was significantly higher than any other dietary treatment groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ADFI among control group, 0.6% and 0.9% IDF supplementation groups (P>0.05). Digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber and energy were significantly higher in 0.3% IDF supplementation group than any other dietary groups. However, there was no difference in over all nutrient digestibilities between 0.6% and 0.9% IDF group. Feeding diets more than 0.6% IDF did not affect the rest of the nutrients digestibilities except for ADF digestibility compared to control diet. Dietary supplementation level of IDF showed a significant quadratic effect on performance improvement of piglets. This response of growth performance to IDF supplementation is, as expected, in agreement with that of nutrient digestibility. Our results showed that IDF supplementation to diet for weaned piglets might be beneficial in terms of growth and nutrient digestibility. However, there should be more study on the relationship between level of IDF supplementation and piglet response as well as the exact mode of action of IDF in weaned piglets.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 1996

Effects of inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, Pseudomonas putida and Aspergillus niger, were studied in both acidic red-yellow and alkaline calcareous soils cropped with pimiento. In red-yellow soil after cultivation, the amounts of soil available phosphorus on non-fertilizer and fertilizer plots inoculated with Aspergillus niger, and on rice straw plot inoculated with Pseudomonas putida and Aspergillus niger were significantly higher than uninoculation treatments, but there were no differences in calcareous soil. With inoculation of either Pseudomonas putida or Aspergillus niger, increase in phosphorous uptake by pimiento cultivated in calcareous soil was detected on non-fertilizer, and fertilizer plots except rice straw plot. Although there were no significant differences in soil cellulase activities among treatments, the activity was the highest on rice straw plot in red-yellow soil. The phosphatase activities in red-yellow soil were increased by the inoculation with Aspergillus niger only, and the activity in calcareous soil was improved by the inoculation with either Pseudomonas putida or Aspergillus niger.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 1996

Several phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms were isolated in order to enhance the availability of insoluble phosphates accumulated in soils. Among the microorganisms, Aspergillus niger was selected and identified for this study. The phosphate-solubilizing activity. the phosphorus uptake by plants and the changes in soil microbial biomass by inoculation of Aspergillus niger were investigated. The uptake amounts of phosphorus by lettuce and pimiento were increased by inoculation of Aspergillus niger in all experimental treatments. There was negative correlation between the soil microbial biomass P and the soil phosphorus content. However the soil available phosphorus ($Y=-0.0007X^2+0.7126X^2-29.46$, $R=0.8283^{**}$) and the phosphorus absorption of plants ($Y=0.0049X^2-2.2352X+326.34$, $R=0.6350^*$) were significantly correlated to soil microbial biomass C on the positive section of quadric curve.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.58-62
• /
• 2006

Rapid assay of enzyme is a primary requirement for successful application of directed evolution technology. Halo generation on a turbid plate would be a method of choice for high throughput screening of enzymes in this context. Here we report a new approach to prepare turbid plates, by controlling the crystallization of tyrosine to form needle-like particles. In the presence of tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL), the needle-like tyrosine crystals were converted to soluble phenol rapidly than the usual rectangular tyrosine crystals. When an error-prone PCR library of Citrobacter freundii TPL was spread on the turbid plate, approximately 10% of the colonies displayed recognizable halos after 24 hours of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Representative positives from the turbid plates were transferred to LB-medium in 96-wellplates, cultivated overnight, and assayed for the enzyme activity with L-tyrosine as the substrate. The assay results were approximated to be proportional to the halo size on turbid plates, suggesting the screening system is directly applicable to the directed evolution of TPL. Actually, two best mutants on the turbid plates were identified to be $2{\sim}2.5$ and 1.5-fold improved in the activity.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.434-440
• /
• 2014

We prepared nanoparticles containing insoluble celecoxib by the method of solid dispersions using a spray dryer to improve solubility of celecoxib. We used PVP K30 and Eudragit EPO as water-soluble carriers for the solid dispersion, and poloxamer 407 as a surfactant. Characterization of celecoxib solid dispersion was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of SEM, DSC and XRD demonstrated that celecoxib is amorphous in solid dispersion. The dissolution rate measured in intestinal juice showed that the method of solid dispersion improved celecoxib solubility as compared with a conventional drug (Celebres$^{(R)}$). In conclusion, solid dispersion formulation prepared by a spray dryer would improve the solubility of celecoxib in oral administration.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.112-117
• /
• 2013

Phytophthora capsici is one of major limiting factors in production of pepper and other important crops worldwide by causing foliage blight and rot on fruit and root. Increased demand for the replacement of fungicides has led to searching a promising strategy to control the fungal diseases. To meet eco-friendly agriculture practice, we isolated microorganisms and assessed their beneficial effects on plant health and disease control efficacy. A total of 360 bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy pepper plants, and categorized to 5 representative isolates based on colony morphology. Among the 5 bacterial strains (GJ-1, GJ-4, GJ-5, GJ-11, GJ-12), three bacterial strains (GJ-1, GJ-11, GJ-12) presented antifungal activity against P. capsici in an fungal inhibition assay. In phosphate solubilization and siderophore production, the strain GJ-1 was more effective than others. The strain GJ-1 was identified as Bacillus sp. using 16S rDNA analysis. Bacillus sp. GJ-1 was also found to be effective in inhibiting other plant pathogenic fungi, including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium solani. Therefore, the Bacillus sp. GJ-1 can serve as a biological control agent against fungal plant pathogens.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.596-601
• /
• 2009

We prepared nanoparticles containing insoluble aceclofenac by the method of solid dispersions using spray dryer to improve solubility of aceclofenac. We used PVP-K30 as a water soluble carrier for the solid dispersion and poloxamer as a surfactant. Characterization of aceclofenac solid dispersion was performed by SEM, DSC, XRD and FT-IR. The results of SEM, DSC and XRD demonstrated that aceclofenac is amorphous in solid dispersion. The formation of salt by hydrogen bond between aceclofenac and PVP K-30 was confirmed by FT-IR. The dissolution rate measured in intestinal juice showed the method of solid dispersion improved aceclofenac solubility as compared with a conventional drug($Airtal^{(R)}$). In conclusion, the method of solid dispersion using spray dryer would improve solubility of aceclofenac in oral administration.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 2008

Sibutramine is a highly crystalline and poorly water soluble drug as the appetite depressant for obesity treatment. In order to increase water solubility of sibutramine, microspheres including sibutramine were prepared by solid dispersion method using a spray dryer. The crystallinity and morphology of the prepared microspheres were confirmed by SEM and XRD. The morphology of micro spheres has gradually changed into spherical shape as increasing evaporation rate of solvent. According to XRD analysis, crystallinity of sibutramine in micro spheres was decreased by below 10%. Release behavior of microspheres was investiaged at pH 1.2, pH 6.8, and solubility of the sibutramine was significantly different depending on pH. The hard capsule showed fast release of sibutramine comparing with the tablet. These results demonstrated that the pharmaceutical preparation is able to control the release behaviors.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2020

In this study, rare earth elements (REE) leaching from a refractory REE ore containing goethite as a major gangue mineral was conducted, introducing a two-stage method of chemical decomposition-acid leaching. At the chemical decomposition step, using one of alkaline agent, NaOH, the ore was decomposed, changing NaOH concentration from 20 to 50 wt% at 10% (w/w) of pulp density and the maximum temperature achieved without boiling at each NaOH concentration. With increasing NaOH concentration, light REE (Ce, La and Nd) and iron were concentrated in the solid phase which is the decomposed product, while aluminum (Al) and phosphorus (P) were removed to the liquid phase, and their concentrations in the solid phase were down to 0.96 and 0.17%, respectively. In addition, through XRD analysis, it was found that the crystallinity of goethite was considerably decreased. At the acid leaching step, the product decomposed by 50 wt% NaOH was leached at 3.0 M HCl and 80 ℃ for 3 hr, then the REE leaching efficiency was above 94% (Ce 80%), and the leaching efficiencies of Al and P were decreased to 12 and 0%, respectively. Therefore, in terms of both REE leaching efficiency and impurity removal, those decomposition and leaching conditions were chosen as optimum processing methods of the investigated material. In terms of REE leaching mechanism, because REE and iron leaching efficiencies showed the positive correlation each other, so it can be concluded that decreasing crystallinity of goethite affect the improvement of REE leaching.