• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1872-1881
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• 2010

Extracts of soybeans fermented by Bacillus subtilis have a wide variety of functions, such as enhancing the body's immune function, fibrinolysis activity, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, estrogen function and anti-infection effects. Recently, it was reported that the extracts of fermented beans exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties by suppressing the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and induction of apoptosis, respectively. However, the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity in human gastric cancer cells are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethyl alcohol extracts from fermented soybean (FS) and yellow agabean (FYA) on cell growth and apoptosis in AGS human gastric cancer cells. A treatment of FS and FYA inhibited the growth of AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. FS- and FYA-induced apoptosis were associated with down-regulation of XIAP and cIAP-2, and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. Moreover, a treatment of FS and FYA not only triggered an increase in the levels of death receptor (DR)4, DR5, Fas and FasL, but also induced the activation of casepase-3, -8 and -9. These findings illustrate that FS and FYA may have a therapeutic potential in human gastric AGS cells and as a functional food.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2006

Antimicrobial susceptibility and multiple drug resistance patterns have been carried out on total of 364 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from foodborne patients in Seoul from 2001 to 2005. Overall, the highest percentage of resistance was found to the following antimicrobial agents: streptomycin (46.7%), ampicillin (37.3%), ticarcillin (36.7%), tetracycline (36.0%), nalidixic acid (20.7%), chloramphenicol (13.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6.7%) and Ampicillin/sulbactam (4.0%). Seventy five percentage of isolates were found to be resistant to one or more of the antimicrobes tested. The resistant rates to nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol in S. Enteritidis tested were annually increased but the resistant rate to tetracycline was decreased and the resistant rates to streptomycin, ampcilin and ticarcillin were remained steadily. The most frequent patterns of multiresistant isolates were only nalidixic acid resistant (18.0%) and streptomycin-tetracycline (18.0%), streptomycin-ampicillin-ticarcillin (10%), and ampicillin-ticarcillin (5.5%). Overall the resistant rates of 1 drug was 19.3%,2 drugs 24.7%, 3 drugs 6.7% and 4 or more drugs 24.0%. The resistant rates of 1 drug and 2 drugs in 2005 were increased dramatically.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

The seasonal fluctuation of the large 28-spotted lady beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky), was observed in potato fields of Gangneung region, Gangwondo Province. The effects of their leaf consumption over a 24 hour period and developmental periods by different temperatures were investigated, and then the developmental threshold (DT) and effective cumulative temperature (ET) of each stage were calculated. Various developmental stages of H. vigintioctomaculata were captured in the fields from May to September, with three peaks in late May, late June, and late August. Leaf consumption by larval stages increased with the development of instar. The 4th instar larvae consumed potato leaves much more than other stages. Egg hatchability and emergence rate of H. vigintioctomaculata were lower at $10^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, but higher at around $20{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. The developmental periods of each stage became shorter as temperature increased; 90 days at $10^{\circ}C$, 40 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and 25 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Base on developmental velocity to temperature, calculated DT and ET were $7.3^{\circ}C$ and 83.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2010

Bacillus subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 obtained from phyllosphere of cucumber plants were selected for biological control of fungal air-borne diseases. For the downy mildew, diseased area of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 showed 0.5%, 20.2% and 42.0%, but that of control was 82.0% respectively, in cucumber seedling test. Incidence of powdery mildew by once application of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 was 2.8%, 3.6% and 12.3%, respectively, whereas that of control was 65.6%. On the gray mold, diseased area of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 was 8.0%, 30.8% and 5.2%, respectively, compared to 81.2% for the control. Therefore, B. subtilis B29 could be a prospective antagonist for biological control of powdery mildew, downy mildew and gray mold of cucumber plant.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.236-239
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• 2012

In July, 2009, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), which showing the bacterial brown stripes on leaf sheaths, was collected in Miryang in Korea. Symptoms were systemic brown necrotic stripe lesions on the leaf sheaths and stems, and these symptoms were found in the entire field. The causal agent isolated from symptomatic plants was identified as an Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, based on its biochemical and physiological characteristics and also confirmed by the Biolog data and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Also it caused hypersensitive response (HR) when it was inoculated onto the tobacco and tomato. It caused similar symptoms when inoculated onto proso millet. This is the first report of A. avenae subsp. avenae, the causal agent of bacterial brown stripe of the proso millet in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2014

The effect of cordycepin purified from Cordyceps militaris on macrophage activation was investigated in peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL6 mice. Lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse peritoneal cells showed that cordycepin treatment increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), leading to early inflammation-mediated reactions, the activation of immunological responses, and T lymphocyte activation. T lymphocytes, activated by a greater production of IL-6, resulted in antibody-generating immune reactions, suggesting that cordycepin was effective at inducing immunological responses. Consistent with the increase in the inflammation-mediating factors including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), the toxic response of macrophages was activated and effectively induced inflammation. These findings demonstrate that cordycepin is involved in reducing cell injury provoked by inflammatory reactions. Therefore, these results suggest that cordycepin treatment of mouse peritoneal cells induces inflammation-mediated immunological responses and immunostimulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1265-1273
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• 2006

The environmental capacity and watershed pollution load reduction of Yongdam reservoir were estimated by the simulation of water quality variation process with the target water quality establishment, pollution load estimation and flow analysis. The potable raw water $I{\sim}II$, COD $1.0{\sim}3.0$ mg/L and TP $0.01{\sim}0.03$ mg/L were selected as the target water quality Yongdam reservoir water quality model was constructed with WASP5 contained 42 segments and the correlation of calibrated results were BOD 0.73, $PO_4-P$ 0.98. The environmental capacity for target quality COD 2.0 mg/L and TP 0.02 mg/L were BOD $131,880{\sim}4,694$ kg/d, TP $7,855 {\sim}167$ kg/d which were less than exists, and the related reduction ratios were BOD $51{\sim}62%$, TP $47{\sim}67%$ which were middle amount in exists. The load reduction ratios to meet the potable raw water $I{\sim}II$ were BOD $72{\sim}16%$, TP $78{\sim}36%$ in existing conditions and BOD $81{\sim}44%$, TP $84{\sim}52%$ in new conditions. BOD was the least one and TP was the second least in 4 results. The effects of the load reduction assignment to subbasin were dominant in TP but little in COD.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2009

EPN-resistant diamondback moth were tested the developmental characteristics, longevity, fecundity and synergistic effect with synergists when treated with the bistrifluron, an inhibitor of chitin synthesis. Inhibition rate of egg hatch was below at the recommended concentration (50 ppm) to the EPN-resistant strain than EPN-non selected strain, however, mortality within 24hr after hatching was showed as 50-60%. They did not show the difference between two strains. Mortality of larval instars were showed effective to two strains with no difference. Inhibition rate of emergence did not show any effect when treated with pupae. Moreover, they did not affect to the longevity and fecundity. When bistrifluron was treated at 50 ppm to the adult, however, longevity and fecundity was decreased with no difference between two strains. Bistrifluron to the EPN-resistant strain showed synergistic effect as high as 137.7 and 73.1 folds with synergist such as PBO (microsomal oxidase inhibitor) and polyoxin B (chitin synthetase inhibitor), respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2006

In this study, we have isolated and identified a proteolytic bacterium from conventional Cheongkukjang. We also characterized several bioactivity of Cheongkukjang, which was fermented by an isolated strain. One strain out of about $10^4$ strains obtained from Cheongkukjang showed relatively high proteolytic activity was selected and named as a Bacillus subtilis LSH805 strain. White soy-bean Cheongkukjang possessed less odor and more viscous substance than black soy-bean Cheongkukjang. Cheongkukjang showed fibrinolytic activity, and about 1,500 mg fibrin was degraded after 20 h incubation. Although nitric oxide (NO) assays of soy-bean and Cheongkukjang were almost the same, their activities were significantly higher than that of no treatment. Activity of water fraction of Cheongkukjang was somewhat higher than that of soy-bean. Fibrinolytic and NO assays of Cheongkukjang suggest that Cheongkukjang, which was fermented by an isolated strain may be a useful candidate for natural fibrinolytic and macrophage-stimulating agents.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.2 s.19
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• pp.93-97
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• 1974

This paper describes experiments made to develop a technique for marking insects and get the informations for ecological studies as a means of tagging flies with radioactive phosphorus, and also to learn the effect on the subsequent generation of flies. Tests were conducted with house flies, Musca domestica L. emerged front the larvae that had reared in a media containing various concentrations of P-32. Radioactivity of the flies was measured with end-window type $(2mg/cm^2)$ Geiger-Muller counter and proportional counter made by Aloka. In following the daily increases in counting rates by 6-day-old larvae it was apparent the larvae in the starting media containing the higher concentrations of P-32 were showing high counting rates. It was found that about 13.2 per cent of the radioactive material remained in the empty puparia after the flies emerged. Radioactivity of the emerged flies decreased gradually and the biological halflife of phosphorus-32 was approximately 6.14 days with considerable variation. A significant amount of P-32 were detected in the abdominal and thoracic sections as compared with other parts of adult. The activity of phosphorus·32 in eggs and larvae produced by adults reared in medium containing 0.2 microcurie or more of P-32 per gram were readily detected with Geiger-Mi·lier counter. On the other hand, the radioactivity of eggs and larvae produced by the treated males crossed with untreated normal females could be only detected in the medium containing more of 2.0 microcurie with G.M. counter. There was no apparent damage to the flies at dosages as high as 0.5 microcurie per gram of medium. For field studies a concentration of 0.5 microcurie of P-32 per gram of artificial medium appears to give adequate labeling for positive identification of flies and their egg masses.