• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_4
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• pp.1165-1172
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• 2023

Recently, Korea has declared carbon neutrality by 2050. The Korea Forest Service is promoting the precision and high technology of forest resource surveys. As such, the demand for forest resource management is increasing, and the need to build a digital twin of forest space is increasing. However, to date, digital twin has only built and provided virtual city services, which are city and nationwide digital twin environments. Three-dimensional digital twin services targeting forest space are not operated and provided. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to implement a forest digital twin environment to provide 3D forest spatial information services corresponding to vertical information such as tree-level height and thorax diameter. By lightweighting realistic 3D tree models and applying 3D Tiles, we confirmed the feasibility of implementing a forest digital twin environment for 3D forest spatial information services. Through continuous research, we plan to implement a forest digital twin that can deploy and service 3D tree models for trees nationwide, including street trees in urban areas. This is expected to enable the development of forest digital twin services for forest resource management.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

In a smart factory environment in a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) environment, sensors and actuators operating on actual manufacturing lines, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to manage them, human-machine interface (HMI) to control and manage such PLCs, and consists of operational technology server to manage PLCs and HMI again. PLC and HMI, which are in charge of control automation, perform direct connection with OT servers, application systems for factory operation, robots for on-site automation, and production facilities, so the development of security technology in a smart factory environment is demanded. However, smart factories in the SME environment are often composed of systems that used to operate in closed environments in the past, so there exist a vulnerable part to security in the current environment where they operate in conjunction with the outside through the Internet. In order to achieve the internalization of smart factory security in this SME environment, it is necessary to establish a process according to the IEC 62443-4-1 Secure Product Development Life cycle at the stage of smart factory SW and HW development. In addition, it is necessary to introduce a suitable development methodology that considers IEC 62443-4-2 Component security requirements and IEC 62443-3 System security requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes an application plan for the IEC 62443 based development security process to provide security internalization to smart factories in an SME environment.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.21-37
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• 2023

This study examines the living conditions and life satisfaction of single-person households according to their life cycle. The survey was conducted from August to October 2022, and respondents were single-person households from Kimpo, South Korea. The respondents were categorized to three groups namely, young, middle-aged, and older adults by life cycle, and items regarding their sociodemographic background, personal life, family relations, and life satisfaction were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were performed. The key findings were as follows. First, significant differences were found according to life cycle in the respondents' diet, clothing, housing, financial and home management, self-care, and leisure life. Second, the variables that significantly affected the level of life satisfaction of single-person households were the life cycle with young adults showing a higher level of satisfaction; having a family member to care; living alone voluntarily, discrimination experience; community awareness; and ties with the local community. Based on the results, it is clear that single-person households have different needs and problems in each stage of life cycle. Thus, to reflect the different experiences and needs of single-person households by life cycle, tailored policy and programs should be provided for young, middle-aged, and older adult single-person households.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.283-290
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• 2023

With the recent steady development of IoT technology, it is widely used in medical systems and smart TV watches. 66% of software development is developed through language C, which is vulnerable to memory attacks, and acts as a threat to IoT devices using language C. A stack-smashing overflow attack inserts a value larger than the user-defined buffer size, overwriting the area where the return address is stored, preventing the program from operating normally. IoT devices with low memory capacity are vulnerable to stack smashing overflow attacks. In addition, if the existing vaccine program is applied as it is, the IoT device will not operate normally. In order to defend against stack smashing overflow attacks on IoT devices, we used canaries among several detection methods to set conditions with random values, checksum, and DSLR (random storage locations), respectively. Two canaries were placed within the buffer, one in front of the return address, which is the end of the buffer, and the other was stored in a random location in-buffer. This makes it difficult for an attacker to guess the location of a canary stored in a fixed location by storing the canary in a random location because it is easy for an attacker to predict its location. After executing the detection program, after a stack smashing overflow attack occurs, if each condition is satisfied, the program is terminated. The set conditions were combined to create a number of eight cases and tested. Through this, it was found that it is more efficient to use a detection method using DSLR than a detection method using multiple conditions for IoT devices.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.103-125
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• 2021

Mobility services are rapidly developing along with information and communication technology (ICT) innovation. Recently, the on-demand mobility platform market is growing, and an environment is provided in which users can call services more conveniently and check the connection status in real time using smartphones. This study investigates the current status of users' perceptions and experiences of car-hailing mobility services such as KAKAO Taxi and UT Taxi, and it analyzes the factors affecting the intention to continuously use the car-hailing service, focusing on environmental and instrumental benefits and trust in driver and platform. In particular, this study examines whether the significance of the relationship between influencing factors and continuous use intention could vary depending on the degree of innovativeness and ICT utilization. The results of this study showed that perceived benefits (environmental benefits and convenience and economic instrumental benefits) and trust in driver had significant effects on increasing trust in platform. It was analyzed that the higher the trust in platform, the higher the intention to continuously use the car-hailing service. Furthermore, the influence of perceived environmental benefits and economic benefits on the trust in platform was different depending on the degree of individual innovativeness, and the influence of convenience and economic benefits on the trust in platform varied depending on the degree of ICT utilization. Referring to the results of this study, mobility service providers can better understand the current status of users' perceptions and trust for car-hailing services, and implement service promotion strategies suitable for individual characteristics.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

Researchers are making contradictory claims through the concept of superstars and long tails about how the development of IT technology affects demand distribution. Unlike previous studies that focused on changes in demand from a macro point of view, this study explored whether the relationship between a company's marketing activities and consumer response differs depending on the product location (i.e., superstar vs. long tail) from a micro point of view. Based on the marketing mix framework, hypotheses were developed based on the relevant literature. In the case of empirical analysis, 2,835 daily data from 63 Korean films were tested using the quantile regression method. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the influence of marketing mix factors on sales varies depending on the location of the product. Specifically, the appeal breadth of the film and the effect of owned media are enhanced in superstar products, and the effect of acquisition media in long-tail products is enhanced and the negative effects of competition are mitigated. Unlike previous studies that focused on macroscopic changes in demand distribution, this study suggested marketing activities suitable for practitioners through microscopic analysis.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2024

Understanding accurate traffic performance is crucial for ensuring efficient highway operation and providing a sustainable mobility environment. On the other hand, an immediate and precise estimation of highway traffic performance faces challenges because of infrastructure and technological constraints, data processing complexities, and limitations in using integrated big data. This paper introduces a framework for estimating traffic performance by analyzing real-time data sourced from toll collection systems and dedicated short-range communications used on highways. In particular, this study addresses the data errors arising from segmented information in data, influencing the individual travel trajectories of vehicles and establishing a more reliable Origin-Destination (OD) framework. The study revealed the necessity of trip linkage for accurate estimations when consecutive segments of individual vehicle travel within the OD occur within a 20-minute window. By linking these trip ODs, the daily average highway traffic performance for South Korea was estimated to be248,624 thousand vehicle kilometers per day. This value shows an increase of approximately 458 thousand vehicle kilometers per day compared to the 248,166 thousand vehicle kilometers per day reported in the highway operations manual. This outcome highlights the potential for supplementing previously omitted traffic performance data through the methodology proposed in this study.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.572-577
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• 2009

Large corpus-based concatenating Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems can generate natural synthetic speech without additional signal processing. To prune the redundant speech segments in a large speech segment DB, we can utilize a decision-tree based triphone clustering algorithm widely used in speech recognition area. But, the conventional methods have problems in representing the acoustic transitional characteristics of the phones and in applying context questions with hierarchic priority. In this paper, we propose a new clustering algorithm to downsize the speech DB. Firstly, three 13th order MFCC vectors from first, medial, and final frame of a phone are combined into a 39 dimensional vector to represent the transitional characteristics of a phone. And then the hierarchically grouped three question sets are used to construct the triphone trees. For the performance test, we used DTW algorithm to calculate the acoustic similarity between the target triphone and the triphone from the tree search result. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the size of speech DB by 23% and select better phones with higher acoustic similarity. Therefore the proposed method can be applied to make a small sized TTS.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.185-197
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• 2023

This study was conducted using text mining and network theory to extract useful information for application for occupancy and performance of permit tasks contained in the permit contents from the permit register, which is used only for the simple purpose of recording occupancy permit information. Based on text mining, we analyzed and compared the frequency of vocabulary occurrence and topic modeling in five regions, including Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Chungcheong, and Gangwon, as well as normalization processes such as stopword removal and morpheme analysis. By applying four types of centrality algorithms, including stage, proximity, mediation, and eigenvector, which are widely used in network theory, we looked at keywords that are in a central position or act as an intermediary in the network. Through a comprehensive analysis of vocabulary appearance frequency, topic modeling, and network centrality, it was found that the 'installation' keyword was the most influential in all regions. This is believed to be the result of the Ministry of Environment's permit management office issuing many permits for constructing facilities or installing structures. In addition, it was found that keywords related to road facilities, flood control facilities, underground facilities, power/communication facilities, sports/park facilities, etc. were at a central position or played a role as an intermediary in topic modeling and networks. Most of the keywords appeared to have a Zipf's law statistical distribution with low frequency of occurrence and low distribution ratio.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.375-390
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• 2023

This study examined the genesis process and competitiveness determinants of overseas bio-industrial clusters. The bio industry is a promising new industry that major countries around the world are paying attention to because it can be applied to various industries and can create high added value by combining artificial intelligence and information and communication technology. In addition, the importance of clusters is emphasized in that it requires connection and cooperation with various stakeholders. However, compared to this importance and interest, related research in Korea is somewhat insufficient. In particular, overseas case studies are also overly biased toward a few leading clusters, and tend to produce policies and development plans that do not correspond to domestic local conditions. To alleviate this problem, this study looked at the birth and growth process of the BioHealth Capital Region in the United States, Cambridge Cluster in the United Kingdom, and Medicon Valley in Denmark and Sweden. Through this, we aim to enrich related case studies that were lacking, identify the determinants of competitiveness of each cluster, and present implications for the creation and development of domestic bio industry clusters.