• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.22-27
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• 2005

This paper presents an article explaining a TBM project overall in Norway. The paper which published in Norwegian TBM Tunnelling by Norwegian Soil and Rock Eng. Assoc. in 1998, contains most of the items considered in TBM tunnelling. New powerplants, tunnels and dams have been built at Meraker in Central Norway. A total of 44 km of tunnels with cross sections varying from $7\;m^2\;to\;32\;m^2$ have been excavated in hard rock formation. Tunnel of 10 km with the 3.5 m diameter was excavated by a HP TBM in a year. his project gives the special attention to the TBM drive and equipment selection, including planning, site organization and performance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.379-379
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• 2022

기후변화로 인해 집중호우, 돌발 홍수 및 태풍의 규모가 대형화되고 있고, 이에 따른 수재해 피해 사례도 증가하는 추세이다. 특히 건설 현장 중 굴착공사 현장에서의 침수로 인한 사고는 인명피해로 이어질 가능성이 더 크기 때문에 더욱 주의가 필요하다. 하지만 현재 국내에서 실질적으로 굴착현장에 적용하기 위한 침수 대응 예측 시스템 및 구체적인 침수 예경보 체계, 기준, 매뉴얼은 존재하지 않는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 굴착공사현장의 수재해 예방을 위한 침수 예·경보 시스템의 적용방안을 제시하였다. 또한 경제적이고 효과적인 측면을 고려하여, 공사현장 규모에 따라 적용하는 침수 예·경보 시스템을 이분화하여 소규모 공사현장에는 Track A, 대규모 공사현장에는 Track B 침수 예·경보 시스템을 적용하도록 제안하였다. 이러한 이유는 소규모 공사현장의 특성상 전체 공사비가 작고 운영되는 장비와 인력이 제한적이므로 침수 예·경보에 필요한 비용과 인력 투입이 어려울 수 있기 때문이며, 또한 대피가 필요한 전체 인원이 대규모 현장에 비해서는 적기 때문에 비교적 신속하고 원활한 대피가 가능할 것이라고 판단하였기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 각 시스템별 적절하다고 판단되는 예·경보 기준을 제시하였다. Track A에서는 강우법에 의한 최소한의 경보시스템으로 필요한 안전목표를 달성할 수 있도록 고려하였고, Track B에서는 현장인원 대부분이 성인 남성임을 고려하여, 성인 남성의 부상을 유발할 수 있는 수심(H)과 유속(V)의 곱을 척도로 하는 한계 H·V곡선을 기준으로 운영되는 경보시스템을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2003

Tunnel modelling in the field of geotechnical engineering essentially requires models of tunnelling machines and the simulation of tunnelling processes to clarify the detailed behaviour of tunnel construction. Modern advanced mechatronics, including construction processes, machinining and control technologies, are making it possible to fabricate such models. These technologies, however, are essentially developed in a gravity field condition and are needed to examine in a 1g or cenrifuge field condition. This paper presents the simulation method for tunnelling processes and the design method for tunnelling machines with special reference to the problem of earth pressure acting on the lining of a shield tunnel. The paper then introduces and verifies the design method for tunnelling machines in the 1g field by means of checking the reproduceability of experiment data and their comparison with data in the field.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2010

Shield method is the tunnel boring method that propels a steel cylinder in the ground and excavates tunnels at once. After Marc Isambard Brunel started using the method for the Thames Riverbed Tunnel excavation in London, many kinds of TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) developed and applied for the construction of road, railway, electricity channel, pipeline, etc. In comparison with NATM concept that allows to observe ground condition and copes with difficulty. The machine selected before starting construction is not able to be changed during construction in shield TBM. Therefore the machine should be designed based on the ground survey result and experiment, so that the tunnel might be excavated effectively by controlling penetration speed, excavation depth and cutter head speed according to the ground condition change. This research was conducted to estimate penetration depth, excavate speed, wear of disc cutter on Boondang Railway of the Han Riverbed Tunnel ground condition by TBM performance prediction models such as NTNU, $Q_{TBM}$, Total Hardness, KICT-SNU and compare the estimated value with the field data. The estimation method is also used to analyze the reason of poor excavation efficiency at south bound tunnel.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2021

Domestic electronic detonators are used widely in many quarry and construction sites since its launch at 2013. In the case of SOC projects conducted in the city, most of them are designed in high-depth to reduce complaints. The high-depth excavation needs a long construction period and huge cost for building shaft and ventilation hole. Mechanical excavation method is applied when safety things are located nearby the site. Solidity of rock and machine's performance affect on the method's efficiency. So as the efficiency is getting lower, the construction period is extended, and the cost is increases as well. This case study is about changing the machine excavation method to the blasting method which is electronic detonator applied at the shaft construction site in the city. This is an example of using electronic detonators on the construction site in reducing blast-noise and vibration while meeting environmental regulatory standards.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2006

A large sectional tunnelling method using Shield TBM is expected to be popular as domestic demand of long tunnel gets growing. Although a shield tunnelling method has been recognized as prominent method in consideration of stability and applicability in shallow and poor ground, the cases of accident and constructional trouble have been often happened due to unexpected poor ground condition, or selection and use of improper shield machine. Especially, troubling cases at tunnel face are frequently occurred, so supporting pressure control of tunnel face would be the main issue for securing safer and more efficient tunnel excavation using Shield TBM. In this point, we carried out the numerical feed-back analysis to compare the ground deformation pattern with theoretical result at tunnel face.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.651-669
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• 2018

This study suggests the prediction model to estimate the specific energy of a pick cutter using a gene expression programming (GEP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Estimating the performance of mechanical excavators is of crucial importance in early design stage of tunnelling projects, and the specific energy (SE) based approach serves as a standard performance prediction procedure that is applicable to all excavation machines. The purpose of this research, is to investigate the relationship between UCS and BTS, penetration depth, cut spacing, and SE. A total of 46 full-scale linear cutting test results using pick cutters and different values of depth of cut and cut spacing on various rock types was collected from the previous study for the analysis. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) associated with the conventional Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method is more than two times larger than the MSE generated by GEP-PSO algorithm. The $R^2$ value associated with the GEP-PSO algorithm, is about 0.13 higher than the $R^2$ associated with MLR.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.26-35
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• 2020

Tunnel construction is an important part of Korean public construction projects. Although the development of various equipment and technologies has led to advances in tunnel construction methods that are implemented on sites, the cost standards related to such works do not yet reflect the realities of the construction sites. A literature review and site surveys were conducted to suggest reasonable cost standards for tunnel work that reflects the realities of the field. First, each item in the cost standards for tunnel work, as established in the Construction Standard Production Rates, were analyzed. The results were compared with the actual costs implemented on tunnel projects. The key items analyzed included those regarding the work cycle time, such as rock classification, profiling survey, drilling speed, and muck-disposal processing equipment combination, as well as the number of people put to tunneling work. Based on the site survey results, improved estimates regarding the cycle time per one tunnel drilling blast, drilling speed of the machine, muck disposal processing equipment combination, and the number of people put to tunneling work were suggested. This study suggests the cost standards that reflect the realities of tunneling sites. The results are expected to help ensure adequate costs for tunnel construction projects.

• 기계와재료
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.96-105
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• 2010

도로 및 철도는 차량의 고속화와 신속한 물류의 유통을 위해 직선 및 수평화가 절실하게 요구되며, 국내 건설구간의 약 50~70%가 산악지형으로서 터널공사가 필수적으로 요구된다. 국내터널굴착은 주로 발파에 의한 NATM(New Austrian Tunneling Method)으로 공사가 이루어지고 있으나, 굴착효율이 낮으며 안전사고의 위험성이 높다. 해외에서는 급속한 시공을 위하여 TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine)의 적용 사례가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 국내에는 TBM에 대한 연구가 전무한 상태이고, TBM 터널의 설계 시공 기술과 경험이 미흡하다. 최근 대도시의 지하터널과 장대터널의 수요가 증대되어 TBM터널시공 기술과 TBM장비의 국산화가 절실하게 요구되고 있다. 본고에서는 국내외 주요 TBM 시공현황과 전망을 정리하여 TBM 터널 기술의 확보가 매우 시급함을 상기시키고자 하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.219-224
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a device to replace the pre-boring method, which is generally constructed, to prevent pile damage caused by tension cracks that reason from tension waves generated during PHC pile construction on soft ground. Tension cracks are caused by tension waves from the hammer striking during the PHC pile hitting on the soft ground, which in turn leads to faulty construction. In order to prevent the occurrence of tension waves generated during driving, apply separate driving force increasing device to prevent the generation of tension waves, and pile damage as well. Also, it is an eco-friendly construction method that reduces smoke and noise by improving construction speed, reducing construction costs, and able to small equipment when developing equipment. This development equipment is a piece of effective equipment that can pioneer the Saemangeum reclamation area, the South-east Asian construction market, where the Deep soft ground is distributed.