• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.314-322
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• 2009

Vegetation, environmental characteristics and soil analysis of Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi habitats were investigated to propose the basal data for conservation and restoration. M. saniculifolia was distributed around an altitude of 770~1,440 m with an inclination of $0{\sim}20^{\circ}$, and mostly formed discontinuous populations in northern part of valley. The vascular plants from 78 quadrates of 11 habitats were identified 111 taxa. Importance value of M. saniculifolia was 27.05%, and highly ranked 5 species such as Veratrum oxysepalum (5.67%), Corydalis turtschaninovii (5.32%), Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus (4.35%), Meehania urticifolia (4.06%) and Anemone koraiensis (3.91%) were considered to be an affinity with M. saniculifolia. Dominant species of woody plants in 78 quadrates were represented as Cornus controversa, Juglans mandshurica, Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and A. mono in tree (B1) layer, A. pseudo-sieboldianum and Carpinus cordata in subtree (B2) layer, Deutzia glabrata and Prunus padus in shrub (S) layer. Average species diversity was 1.16, and dominance and evenness were found to be 0.12 and 0.81, respectively. Average field capacity was 26.41%, and the organic matter and soil pH were 7.83% and 5.83. Correlation coefficients based on environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis were showed that the positive correlations between slope degrees and pH, slope degrees and organic matter, dominance and importance value, species diversity and richness, whereas between species diversity and dominance, and importance value and dominance were showed negative correlations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.321-338
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• 2014

In the Natural Monument (No. 432) Jeju Sanghyo-dong Cymbidium kanran Habitat (39 ha), flora, vegetation diversity, stand structure, mirco-climate, canopy openness, light environment and soil temperature and moisture were quantified from Oct. 2013 to Feb. 2014. Compare to Seogwipo-si, daily mean temperature ($5.7^{\circ}C$) and moisture (75.8%) in study area were lower at $3.3^{\circ}C$ and 15%, respectively. Mean soil temperature and moisture were $16.5^{\circ}C$ and 37.3%, respectively, and mean litter layer depth (n = 81) was 4.3 cm. Mean canopy openness and light availability at forest floor were 15.5% and $8.5mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$, respectively. Total of 22 species including vascular and bryophyte plants and 6 vegetation group were observed. Castanopsis siebildii was dominant species in study area, and density and basal area were 1,777 stem/ha and $90.3m^2/ha$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1998

This study was carried out to evaluate environmental and ecological characteristics of natural habitat for cultivation of Epimedium koreanum. Habitat of E. koreanum was the slope foot of mountain descending gradually toward mostly northwest from top of mountain with slope of $2{\sim}20%$ and the altitude ranged from 60 to 400m above the sea level. Some physiochemical characteristics of habitat soil were as follows: pH, $4.1{\sim}5.8$, organic matters content, $4.9{\sim}6.6%$ and cation exchange capacity, $14.8{\sim}34.3\;me/100g$ soil, respectively. Habitats were shaded by deciduous broad-leaved tree mainly, and compared with those of naked area, relative photon flux density was $3.5{\sim}13.1%$ and relative luminance was $3.3{\sim}11.9%$ due to shading. Air temperature of habitat under shade was $4.3{\sim}6.5^{\circ}C$ lower than that of naked area. Habitat soil temperature was lower than that of naked area but temperature range was smaller than that of naked area. E. koreanum plants were growing with semishading plants under shade of tree leaf. From investigation of natural characteristics of habitat, it was concluded that E. koreanum plant would grow at place with a little change in temperature and moisture of soil which was caused by shading and mulching with litterfall of broad-leaved tree.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.85-101
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• 2005

This study was carried out a field survey and review articles to investigate a characteristic of the distribution pattern in Korean endemic Corylopsis coreana. Distribution of Corylopsis coreana was found from Boseung-gun, Gwangyang-si, Suncheon- si, Jeumanl-myeon Goheung-gun, Ganjeon-myeon Gurye-gun, Mt. Cheongwan Jangheung-gun, Nogodan Mt. Jiri in Jeollanam-do, Mt. Cheonhwang Namwon-si and Beamsagol and Banyabong Mt. Jiri, in Jeollabuk-do, Sancheong-gun, hadong-gun and Namhea-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do and Mt. Backun, Pocheon-si in Gyeonggi-do. Total flora in the distribution region of Coryloplsis coreana were recorded as 242 taxa; 70 families, 159 genus, 216 species, 22 varieties, 4 forma. Ratio of taxonomic categories was consisted of Pteridophyte $5.8\%$, Gymnosperm $3.7\%$, Dicotyledon $18.6\%$ and Monocotyledon $71.9\%$. Ratio of Life cycle styles was Annual $1.7\%$ and Perennial $98.3\%$. Ratio of growth habit was appeared to Herb $44.2\%$, Vine $12.4\%$, Shrub $17.8\%$ and Tree $25.6\%$. The distribution region of Corylopsis coreana found to typical type which distribute in N, NE or NE slope. The native Corylopsis coreana of Sinjeonri Sungju-eup in Jellanam-do appeared to a declining tendency which caused by influence of tree lager.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.162-176
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• 2005

This study was carried out as a field survey and a review of articles to investigate a characteristic of the distribution pattern in Korean endemic Corylopsis coreana. Distribution of Corylopsis coreana was found in Boseung-gun, Gwangyang-si, Suncheon-si, Jeumam-myeon Goheung-gun, Ganjeon-myeon Gurye-gun, Mt, Cheongwan Jangheung-gun, Nogodan Mt. Jiri in Jeollanam-do, Mt. Cheonhwang Namwon-si and Beamsagol and Banyabong Mt. Jiri in Jeollabuk-do, Sancheong-gun, hadong-gun and Namhea-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do and Mt. Backun, Pocheon-si in Gyeonggi-do. Total flora in the distribution region of Coryloplsis coreana was recorded as 242 taxa; 70 families, 159 genus, 216 species, 22 varieties, 4 forma. Ratio of taxonomic categories was consisted of Pteridophyte $5.8\%$, Gymnosperm $3.7\%$, Dicotyledon $18.6\%$ and Monocotyledon $71.9\%$. Ratio of Life cycle styles was Annual $1.7\%$ and Perennial $93.3\%$. Ratio of growth habit was appeared to Herb $44.2\%$, Vine $12.4\%$, Shrub $17.8\%$ and Tree $25.6\%$. The distribution region of Corylopsis coreana found to typical type which distribute in N, NE or NW slope. The native Corylopsis coreana of Sinjeonri Sungju-eup in Jellanam-do appeared to have a declining tendency which was caused by influence of tree lager.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.86-99
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• 2010

Among Natural monument birds, a total of 11 species and 2,209 individuals were found in Nakdong river estuary from March 2007 to February 2008 including Eurasian Oystereacher (Haematopus ostralegus; No. 326), Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata; No.327), Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus; No.201-1), Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus; No.201-2), Black-faced Spoonbilll (Platalea minor; No.205-1), Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia ; No.205-2), Steller's Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus; No.243-3), White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla ; No.243-4), Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus; No.323-6), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus; No.323-8) and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides; No.325-1). Among the habitats for migratory birds in Korea, the Nakdong river estuary is the only place where more than 2,000 individuals of Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus) spend winter. Eulsukdo, Myeongji Flat and neighboring tidal flats (Myeonggeummeori, Baikhapdeung, Doyodeung, Jangjado, etc.) are major habitats for natural monument birds such as Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia ), Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus) and Swan Goose(Anser cygnoides). A colony of aquatic plants such as Common Bulrush(Scirpus triqueter) and Common Reed(Phragmites communis) serves as a feeding and resting place for birds in the Anatidae family including ducks, swans and geese. Plans for management and conservation of the habitats and the natural monument birds in Nakdong river estuary are as follows: minimization of water contamination, construction and management of aquatic plants habitats, protection of sandbanks, security of stable habitats, and consistent monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.381-395
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• 2013

In this study, we surveyed 6 times for the actual vegetation type and flora of Amgok wetland (Intermediate moor area, Alnus japonica community area) and it's watershed area in Tohamsan district, Gyeongju National Park from Apr. to Nov. in 2011. As a result of the actual vegetation type, most vegetation of watershed area was disturbed by human activity except wetland area. Even though the wetland is relatively broad compared with it's watershed, the wetland: watershed is around 1:10. The flora was surveyed 65 family, 184 species, 1 subspecies, 39 variety, 8 forma and totally 233 taxonomic group in the watershed. The wetland type was looked intermediate moor. Naturalized plants was surveyed 2taxonomic in the wetland area and total was17 taxonomic. This area has relatively broad wetland and soundly conserved. But several Salix koreensis and Acer ginnala are growing so needed the interest and monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.38-48
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the vegetation structure of community by the phytosociology method, floristic composition table on coast of South Korea. Form 2007 June until November, $2m{\times}2m$ quadrat was established in native Glehnia littoralis in order to record a dominants and coverage, and it drew the profile. It was found out that the mean temperature in the distributed areas for Glehnia littoralis population was $11^{\circ}C$ or more. The flora of the studied area in Glehnia lottoralis community of coastal dune was listed as 100 species. Glehnia lottoralis community of appearance species of Yeonggwanggun Duwori was many most by 44 species. Carex pumila, Carex Kobomugi, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Ischaemum anthephehoroides and Vitex rotundifolia range all over the studied areas. And the vegetation of Glehnia littoralis community was classified into Vitex rotundifolia subcommunity, Ischaemun anthephephoroides subcommunity and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii subcommunity. Native Glehnia littoralis was classified into preserve area, natural selection area and artificial destruction area. It must preserve native Glehnia littoralis of Goseong, Yeongdeok, Haenam it was ecological important area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.215-230
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• 2005

To analyze physical and ecological characteristics of sand streams, Cheongmi, Yanghwa and Bokha streams on the similar environment were Lnvestigated and estimated. According to the estimation results of physical structures, ecological properties of the Cheogmi and Yanghwa streams were classified as 'fair to good', and the Bokha stream was classified as 'fair'; commonly, the representing streams were comparatively active on meandering and accumulation; on the other hand, erosion was less active. As a result of the study for flora on this 3 streams, $Phaiaris\;arundinacfa\rightarrowPhragmites\;japonica\rightarrowPhragmites\;communis\rightarrowSalix\;koreensis\rightarrowFraxinus\;rhynchophylla\rightarrowRobinia\;pseudo-acacia-Acer$ ginnala communities were developed in order of being closest to the water shore. In case of benthic macroinvertebrates, Ephemera striga ta Eaton and Cajopteryx atrata Selys, usually inhabited in the uncontaminated water, were investigated as common species. Besides, Limnodrilus gotoi Hatai and Family Chironomidae sp. 1 were the common dominant benthic macroinvertebrates.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of climbing plant species habitated in South Korea. Relationships between their distribution and environmental factors were surveyed. Research sites for vertical distribution were Mt.S rak, Mt.Kwangkyo, Mt. Eoudap and Mt. Chiri. The results of this study are as follows: The number of climbing plants habitated in South Korea was 267 species, 95 genera, 41 families. According as latitude lower, the number of climbing plant species increased. And most areas of Korean peninsula except for alpine regions and the northern part of North Korea seemed to be suited for the growth of climbing plants. The number of climbing plant species decreased with its altitude. And it is confirmed that their distributions were limited to the below of 1,500m sea level which was applicable to the area of Kira's warmth index above 45. The species of climbing plants changed with its plant community although at same altitude. The number of climbing plant species was different from the face of slope, and the species diversity became lower at south slope than that of north slope.