• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.19-29
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• 2007

This paper introduces a robot knowledge framework which is represented with multiple classes, levels and layers to implement robot intelligence at real environment for mobile robot. Our root knowledge framework consists of four classes of knowledge (KClass), axioms, rules, a hierarchy of three knowledge levels (KLevel) and three ontology layers (OLayer). Four KClasses including perception, model, activity and context class. One type of rules are used in a way of unidirectional reasoning. And, the other types of rules are used in a way of bi-directional reasoning. The robot knowledge framework enable a robot to integrate robot knowledge from levels of its own sensor data and primitive behaviors to levels of symbolic data and contextual information regardless of class of knowledge. With the integrated knowledge, a robot can have any queries not only through unidirectional reasoning between two adjacent layers but also through bidirectional reasoning among several layers even with uncertain and partial information. To verify our robot knowledge framework, several experiments are successfully performed for object recognition and navigation.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper was to introduce sociocultural theory which is a different epistemological perspective from constructivism and to understand the sociocultural theory in a systemic way by providing four specific criteria for a sociocultural theory from the analysis of Vygotsky's ideas. The four criteria are the followings: first, the origin of learning is not at the individual level, but at the social. Second, Learning takes place in a sociocultural framework through ZPD and there exists the stage of pseudo concept before it gets to a true concept. Third, a clear focus on action, especially mediated action, and the concept of psychological tools should be discussed in the boundary of a sociocultural theory. Fourth, actors in a learning process are not an individual child alone. In consequence, the role of adults, particularly teachers, are significant in a child's learning, and this fact provides a great potential for the active role of teachers in the students' learning of mathematics from the sociocultural perspective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.40-45
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• 1993

일반적으로 건물 구조물에 전달되는 기계진동을 감소시키기 위해서 기계와 기초사이에 유연한 방진소자를 삽입하여 기계가진력(exciting force)의 전달 률을 줄인다. 또한 구조물의 고유진동수와 진동원의 가진주파수가 일치할 경 우, 가진주파수를 변화시키거나, 구조물의 동특성을 변화시키는 방법을 사용 한다. 어떠한 방안을 선택하든 효과적이고 정량적인 방진 시스템을 구성하고 구조물의 정확한 진동상태를 예측하기 위해서는 진동원의 가진특성과 구조 물의 동특성에 대한 정보가 요구된다. 일반적으로 방진설계를 위해 필요한 진동원의 가진특성은 제조회사의 사양이나 측정을 통하여 비교적 쉽게 얻을 수 있다. 복합재료, 다양한 경계조건, 복잡한 대형구조물등은 수치해석을 이 용하여 해석적인 방법으로 동특성을 구할 경우, 신뢰성 있는 정보를 얻기에 는 많은 노력이 요구된다. 더우기 현장에서 발생하는 진동문제는 대부분 복 잡하고 시간적으로 시급히 해결해야 하기 때문에 효율적인 절차를 구성하여 구조물의 동특성을 해석하는 방법을 사용할 필요가 있다. 구조물의 동특성은 실험적인 방법을 통하여 구하고 그 외의 필요한 계산들은 해석을 통하여 얻 는 것이 효율적일 수 있다. 실험적 동특성해석은 입력하중에 대한 응답의 크 기와 위상 비를 주파수별로 나타내는 전달함수를 측정하는 방법으로서 가진 장치 및 여러 측정/분석 장비가 필요하며, 철교, 교량, 건물의 철골 및 콘크 리트 슬라브등 다양한 중대형의 구조물을 Signal/Noise비가 좋도록 가진 시 켜야 할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 실험적 방법의 현장 적응성과 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해 대형충격기(large impact hammer, max, peak force 약 10000N, time duration 약 20ms)를 제작하고 실험/분석 시스템 및 구조물 의 진동제어를 위한 절차를 Fig.1과 같이 구성하고 이를 철근콘크리트 건물 에 설치한 기계식 주차설비의 진동제어에 적용하였다.force response simulation)를 수행하여 임의의 좌표 공간에 대한 진동수준을 해석적으로 예측할 뿐만 아니라 구조물의 진동제어 를 위한 동적인자를 변경시킬 수 있는 정보를 제공하며 장비를 방진할 경우 신뢰성 있는 전달률을 결정할 수 있다. 실험적으로 철교, 교량이나 건물의 철골구조 및 2층 바닥 등 대,중형의 복잡한 구조물에 대항 동특성을 나타내 는 모빌리티를 결정할 경우 충격 가진 실험이 사용되는 실험장비 측면에서 나 실험을 수행하는 과정이 대체적으로 간편하다. 그러나 이 경우 대상 구조 물을 충분히 가진시킬수 있는 용량의 대형 충격기(large impact hammer)가 필요하게 된다. 이러한 동적실험은 약 길이 61m, 폭 16m의 4경간 교량에 대 하여 동적실험을 수행하여 가능성을 확인하였다. 여기서는 실험실 수준의 평 판모델을 제작하고 실제 현장에서 이루어질 수 있는 진동제어 구조물에 대 한 동적실험 및 FRS를 수행하는 과정과 동일하게 따름으로써 실제 발생할 수 있는 오차나 error를 실험실내의 차원에서 파악하여 진동원을 있는 구조 물에 대한 진동제어기술을 보유하고자 한다. 이용한 해마의 부피측정은 해마경화증 환자의 진단에 있어 육안적인 MR 진단이 어려운 제한된 경우에만 실제적 도움을 줄 수 있는 보조적인 방법으로 생각된다.ofile whereas relaxivity at high field is not affected by τS. On the other hand, the change in τV does not affect low field profile but strongly in fluences on both inflection fie이 and the maximum relaxivity value. The results shows a fluences on both inflection field and the maximum relaxivity value. The results shows

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.193-214
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• 2017

It is a very important time to check how SW curriculum is actually organized and what is inadequate to practical requirements of SW manpower in the present situation where there is a difference of viewpoints between software field and SW curriculum of university. In overseas cases, efforts have already been made to cultivate SW manpower based on SW training centered on practical requirements. As a result, there is a positive response to the recruitment of actual related companies. In Korea, these attempts have been attempted under government initiative. In particular, based on the SW-centered university project, it has given the role of a leading university in related fields. However, with regard to the labor supply problem in the SW sector, the requirements of the business enterprises still differ from the educational curriculum. In this study, we tried to diagnose the method that can reduce the difference between the composition and the practice of the contents according to the existing limit that the environment factor of the viewpoint of the working companies about the curriculum composition is not clearly reflected. As a result, the topic modeling based on the university's curriculum and lecture plan data is used to derive keywords for curriculum and lecture plan. Through the data analysis, this study confirmed that the practice rate of related university departments utilized in data analysis is relatively low. In addition, we found that it is important to establish a systematic curriculum and to build a lecture plan to cultivate practical skills, as the number of overlapping textbooks and the number of keyword overlapping are found.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is identify chemical changes in yield components of soil using organic fertilizer for cultivating rice and establish reasonable methods of fertilization. In chemical change, comparing the control plot, the soil using organic fertilizer consistently for three years for cultivating rice showed an increase in pH and available phosphate in the experiment plots provided by the organic fertilizer, increase in spikelet number and 1000 grain weight in terms of yield components, and increase in yield in the three-year experiment plots. As for the quality of brown rice, the rate of head rice showed no difference when compared to that of the control plots. As for protein content, it was difficult to identify a statistical significance between the control plots and the experiment plots in 2009, but since 2010, the protein content of the experiment plots has been lower than that of the control plot, indicating that fertilization of organic fertilizer was effective in terms of rice quality. In conclusion, long-term use of organic fertilizer improved the chemical properties of soil and increased yield when compared to practical fertilization. Reasonable fertilization was identified to fertilize the nitrogen component of organic fertilizer to be a level of 12kg/10a.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.585-594
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• 2009

Researchers of microarray experiment transpose processed images of raw data to possible data of statistical analysis: it is preprocessing. Preprocessing of microarray has image filtering, imputation and normalization. There have been studied about several different methods of normalization and imputation, but there was not further study on the order of the procedures. We have no further study about which things put first on our procedure between normalization and imputation. This study is about the identification of differentially expressed genes(DEG) on the order of the preprocessing steps using two-dye cDNA microarray in colon cancer and gastric cancer. That is, we check for compare which combination of imputation and normalization steps can detect the DEG. We used imputation methods(K-nearly neighbor, Baysian principle comparison analysis) and normalization methods(global, within-print tip group, variance stabilization). Therefore, preprocessing steps have 12 methods. We identified concordance measure of DEG using the datasets to which the 12 different preprocessing orders were applied. When we applied preprocessing using variance stabilization of normalization method, there was a little variance in a sensitive way for detecting DEG.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.153-176
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to rethink the importance of manipulative materials and to extract of manipulative materials program and its application methods. Activity, construction, and operation is stressed in the elementary mathematics. For this, various technological tools and manipulative materials is emphasized in mathematics teaching-learning methods. Applications of manipulative materials in the elementary mathematics is gradually increased together with curriculum revisions and textbook developments. As a result, tangram, geo-board etc., many tools ate introduces to school mathematics. This study is executed in this contexts. To achieve this, We introduce Australian 'Maths With Attitude' program. This program is composed of the primary level and secondary level. Each level consists of four domains - Number & Computation, Space & Logic, Chance & Measurement, Pattern & Algebra -, and each domains is made up of 20 tasks(i.e. manipulative materials) and programs. This study takes the focus to 5-6 grades programs in the mid of the primary level. First, We introduce 'Monkeys & Bananas'(Number & Computation) and 'Triangles & Colours' (Pattern & Algebra) tasks, and investigate the examples of lessons using these tasks. Second, We think the probability of these tasks' application and draw examples in the elementary mathematic textbooks. Through this works, We respect teaching-learning methods is rich and various in the elementary mathematics lessons.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

This study aims to develop a reliable and valid Geriatric Reaction Inventory-Simplified Form (GRI-SF). Reaction inventory for measuring anger (Evans & Stangelang, 1971) is an assessment tool in a view of stimuli for measuring the level of anger invoked from the anger-triggered experiences. Yet, the inventory, comprised of 76 items, is sometimes incapable of finishing up the lengthy questionnaire. In the sense, a simplified form of RI is necessary for those lacks cognitive ability such as stroke patients or the elderly. In study 1, a full version of Reaction Inventory was given for the elder who are above 60, and ten items out of 76 was selected to form GRI-SF based on the psychometric theory. In study 2, the reliability and validity of GRI-SF was tested by another sample group of elderly with some additional examinations. The reliability was good with Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. Based on the fact that GRI-SF measures the personal trait anger, GRI-SF should not be only strong correlation with the scores of trait anger strongly, but be less correlated with scores representing other aspects of anger. As a result, GRI-SF score showed strong correlations with trait anger among other sub-categories of State-Trait Expression Inventory (STAXI), and was less correlated with anger-out score which reflects behavioral aspect of anger. Moreover, it is less correlated (r=.41) with hostility representing attitudinal or cognitive aspects of anger. Consequently, GRI-SF, constructed by this research, is verified to be a reliable and valid tool for anger measurement.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender and sibling composition differences in psychological well-being, and to analyze the effects of family and school environment on psychological well-being among Chinese adolescents. Data from 453 students of middle school were used for final analysis. This study found that only child adolescents showed higher levels of self-esteem and low levels of depression than adolescents with sibling. Regression analysis revealed that self-esteem were influenced by relations with teachers, peer relations and marital conflict among male only child adolescents and female adolescents with sibling. Self-esteem of female only child adolescents was affected by parenting behavior and relations with teachers, and self-esteem of male adolescents with sibling was affected by relations with teachers. Relations with teachers and parenting behavior had impact on depression of Chinese adolescents, but depression was not influenced by peer relations.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-91
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the happiness of parent users of employer-supported childcare centers on their parental stress and employer-Supported childcare centers satisfaction level. It's basically meant to provide some information on how to ensure work-family reconciliation and improve the performance of employer-supported childcare centers. The subjects in this study were 206 parents who were users of employer-supported childcare centers. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the happiness and childcare centers satisfaction of the parent users of the employer-supported childcare centers were both at a higher level, and their parental stress was slightly above average. Second, there was a negative correlation between the happiness and parental stress of the parents who used the employer-supported childcare centers, and happiness was positively correlated to childcare centers satisfaction level. Third, as for the impact of the happiness of the parent users of the employer-supported childcare centers, parental stress was under the largest influence of happiness, followed by family harmony. happiness had the greatest impact on childcare centers satisfaction level, followed by interpersonal relationships. This outcome suggests that the supportive direction for parenting needs to focus on the affective dimension of promoting parents' happiness as well as focusing on the material and structural dimension.