• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.67-77
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• 2022

An automatic freeway bus-only lane enforcement system was developed and assessed in a real-world environment. Observation of a bus-only lane on the Youngdong freeway, South Korea, revealed that approximately 99% of the vehicles violated the high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane regulation. However, the current enforcement by the police not only exhibits a low enforcement rate, but also induces unnecessary safety and delay concerns. Since vehicles with six passengers or higher are permitted to enter freeway bus-only lanes, identifying the number of passengers in a vehicle is a core technology required for a freeway bus-only lane enforcement system. To that end, infrared cameras and the You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) deep learning algorithm were utilized. For assessment of the performance of the developed system, two environments, including a controlled test-bed and a real-world freeway, were used. As a result, the performances under the test-bed and the real-world environments exhibited 7% and 8% errors, respectively, indicating satisfactory outcomes. The developed system would contribute to an efficient freeway bus-only lane operations as well as eliminate safety and delay concerns caused by the current manual enforcement procedures.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.556-569
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• 2015

With about 75% of the population of Korea criticizing the government's disaster policy and a failure to respond to large-scale emergency like the Sewol ferry sinking means that there is a deep distrust in the government. In order to prevent dreadful disasters such as the Sewol ferry sinking, it is important to secure a prime time with respect to disaster safety. Improving crisis management skills and managerial role of police officers who are in close proximity to the people is necessary for the success of disaster management. With disaster management as one of the most essential missions of the police, as a part of a national crisis management, a step by step strengthening of the disaster safety management system of the police is necessary, as below. First, at the prevention phase, law enforcement officers were not injected into for profit large-scale assemblies or events, but in the future the involvement, injection should be based on the level of potential risk, rather than profitability. In the past and now, the priortiy was the priority was on traffic flow, traffic communication, however, the paradigm of traffic policy should be changed to a safety-centered policy. To prevent large-scale accidents, police investigators should root out improper routines and illegal construction subcontracting. The police (intelligence) should strengthen efforts to collect intelligence under the subject of "safety". Second, with respect to the preparatory phase, on a survey of police officers, the result showed that 72% of police officers responded that safety management was not related to the job descriptions of the police. This, along with other results, shows that the awareness of disaster safety must be adopted by, or rather changed in the police urgently. The training in disaster safety education should be strengthened. A network of experts (private, administrative, and police) in safety management should be established to take advantage of private resources with regard to crisis situtions. Third, with respect to the response phase, for rapid first responses to occur, a unified communication network should be established, and a real-time video information network should be adopted by the police and installed in the police situation room. Fourth, during the recovery phase, recovery teams should be injected, added and operated to minimize secondary damage.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.536-543
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• 2018

In 2003, the local police system was adopted, and the personnel and installation of local police agencies were subsequently changed. According to the "Police Law", local police station shall be established under the control of chief of police department, and the criteria for the installation of local police stations were to take into consideration of population, administrative districts, area, geographical characteristics, traffic and other conditions. The chief of local police has the authority to install district police station according to the "National Police Agency and its Organization". However, it is hard to say they were applied. Futhermore, it is inappropriate to apply the laws and regulations equally across the nation. Also, it has been criticized for its difficulties of patrolling, the weakened relationship with local residents, and poor quality of security services in rural areas. Therefore, this study suggests that the criteria for the installation of the police station should be made through a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the areas and security needs.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.50-66
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• 2007

An Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) is a well-trained emergency responder to provide emergency medical services to the critically ill and injured patient. In various situations, EMT may destroy potential physical evidences associated with the crime scene or determination of real cause of death. This study was aimed to evaluate the educational need of forensic medicine in Korean EMT. Questionnaires were administered to 592 EMTs during March 2007. The response rate was 60.3%(357 EMTs). In questionnaires there were 13 questions regarding the general characteristics, 16 questions about roles of EMTs related with forensic circumstances, 9 questions about the education related to forensic medicine. Questionnaires rated on a 4-point Likert scale or 5-point Likert scale. Most of 119 rescue EMTs had experienced with situations related to crime or unexpected sudden death. EMTs had arrived to the scenes earlier than police and complained of some difficulties related with deficit of forensic knowledge. EMTs wanted to receive continuous educations about forensic medicine. In order to reduce dissatisfaction with EMTs roles and to improve crime scene preservations, Emergency Medical Services policies should provide regular educational curriculum by forensic pathologists and promote legal responsibilities for 119 rescue EMTs.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.46
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• pp.113-140
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• 2016

Right to counsel means a defendant has a right to have the assistance of counsel (i.e., lawyers), and if the defendant cannot afford a lawyer, requires that the government appoint one or pay the defendant's legal expenses. The right to counsel is generally regarded as a constituent of the right to a fair trial. Historically, however, not all countries have always recognized the right to counsel. The right is often included in criminal law and constitutional law etc. First, any person who is arrested or detained shall have the right to prompt assistance of counsel. When a criminal defendant is unable to secure counsel by his own efforts, the State shall assign counsel for the defendant as prescribed by act in article 12(4) of the constitutional law. Second, the defense counsel or a person who desires to be a defense counsel may have an interview with the defendant or the suspect who is placed under physical restraint, deliver or receive any documents or things and have any doctor examine and treat the defendant or the suspect in article 34 of the criminal law. Nonetheless, problems about guarantee of the rights to counsel to the national security violators like spy terrorist and etc will be important for Koreans to consider. That is because national security violators's cases are qualitatively different from general criminal offense's cases and historically, lawyer obstruct a investigation in the process of examination of a suspect for national security violators. Therefore, this study suggest a way that a restriction the rights to counsel with an attorney in cases of the national security violators. To this end, in this paper, I touch on restriction of right to counsel during interrogation in the England and Germany etc in comparison to that of Korea and review Korea's Supreme Court decision and Constitution Court decision to understand the prospective and trends for Korean investigation procedure improvement.