• Title/Summary/Keyword: 교체 주기

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A Bayesian approach to replacement policy following the expiration of non-renewing combination warranty based on cost and downtime (비재생혼합보증이 종료된 이후의 비용과 비가동시간에 근거한 교체정책에 대한 베이지안 접근)

  • Jung, Ki-Mun
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.873-882
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    • 2010
  • This paper considers a Bayesian approach to replacement policy following the expiration of non-renewing combination warranty. The non-renewing combination warranty is the combination of the non-renewing free replacement warranty and the non-renewing pro-rata replacement warranty. We use the criterion based on the expected cost and the expected downtime to determine the optimal replacement period. To do so, we obtain the expected cost rate per unit time and the expected downtime per unit time, respectively. When the failure times are assumed to follow a Weibull distribution with uncertain parameters, we propose the optimal replacement policy based on the Bayesian approach. The overall value function suggested by Jiang and Ji (2002) is utilized to determine the optimal replacement period. Also, the numerical examples are presented for illustrative purpose.

Ultraviolet Lamp Replacement Period and Hygiene Management Plan of Ultraviolet Sterilizer (자외선 살균고의 자외선 램프 교체 주기와 위생관리 방안)

  • Young-Ju Lee;Ju-Hyun Lee;Eun-Sol Go;Jung-Beom Kim
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.26-30
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    • 2023
  • In this study, we analyzed the microbial contamination level of ultraviolet sterilizer (UVS) chambers and suggested plans to improve hygiene management. In this study, UVS chambers targeted 98 UVS in some childcare centers in Jeollanam-do, Korea. Total aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria were tested according to the Korean Food Code. Of the 98 UVS chambers, total aerobic bacteria were detected in 67 (68.4%) and coliform bacteria in 5 (5.1%). Six kinds of food-poisoning bacteria, including Salmonella spp., were not detected, but Bacillus cereus was detected in 1 (2.8%) out of 98 UVS chambers. According to the UV lamp replacement period, the detection rate of total aerobic bacteria was 3 (50%) out of 6 UVS within 3 months, 3 (60%) out of 5 UVS in 3 to 6 months, and 61 (70.1%) out of 87 UVS over 6 months. The detection rate of coliform bacteria according to the UV lamp replacement period was not detected within 6 months, however, they were detected in 5 (5.7%) out of 87 chambers after more than 6 months. The level of microbial contamination in the UVS chambers was higher as the lamp replacement period was longer. Considering these results, it was determined that the UVS chambers should be kept dry and clean, and the UV lamp should be replaced periodically. In addition, it is necessary to provide the staff catering for childcare centers with continuous education regarding the cleaning of UVS chambers and the replacement of UV lamps.

Real-Time Memory Swapping Policy for Real-Time System (실시간 시스템을 위한 실시간 메모리 교체 기법)

  • 가진호;김재훈
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2001.10c
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    • pp.76-78
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    • 2001
  • 실시간 시스템의 중요성이 높아짐에 따라 실시간 시스템의 성능 향상을 위한 다양만 방법들이 연구기어 왔다. 된 논문에서는 실시간 시스템에서 가상 페이지 시스템을 통해 메모리를 관리할 때 기존의 LRU 방식에 의한 메모리 교체 방법 대신 실시간 프로세스 스케줄링과 유사한 실시간 메모리 교체 기법을 제안하였다. 실시간 메모리 교제 기법은 가장 오래 전에 사용된 페이지를 먼저 교체하는 LRU 방식의 메모리 교체 기법 대신 실시간 프로세스의 마감 시간 또는 주기를 기반으로 페이지를 교체함으로써 시간제약성을 준수할 가능성을 높인다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능을 평가만 결과 실시간 메모리 교체 기법을 통해 실시간 프로세스의 마감 시간 성공 가능성이 높아짐을 확인하였다.

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A case study of life cycle cost analysis on high pressure sodium lamp and LED lamp for tunnel lighting (터널 조명 고압나트륨램프와 LED램프의 LCC 분석 사례 연구)

  • Lee, Gyu-Phil;Kim, Jeong-Heum
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.315-323
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    • 2021
  • Tunnel is the most energy-consuming structure in road due to the characteristic of using artificial lighting during day and night. Therefore, tunnel lights are being replaced by LED lamp that have advantages with respect to low power consumption. The best use of social overhead capital can be expected by considering the life cycle cost, because to tunnel structures are accompanied by a series of medium-to-long-term and continuous processes of replacing auxiliary facilities. In this study, the saving effect by LCC analysis was quantitatively analyzed by replacing tunnel light sources from high-pressure sodium lamps to LED lamps. The effect of reducing the replacement cycle by increasing the life of the lamps and the resulting maintenance cost is very significant, on replacing tunnel lighting light sources with LED lamp.

Vehicle Maintenance Support System using CAN Communication (CAN 통신을 이용한 자동차 유지관리 지원 시스템)

  • Jiwon, Park;Seunghong, Han;Jaehyun, Park
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 2022
  • We propose the vehicle maintenance support system to alarm consumable replacement reminders to the vehicle owner. Since the delayed replacement of the consumables makes the condition of the vehicle worse, it is crucial to replace consumables in a recommended period. The vehicle maintenance support system alarms the replacement time, which is set by the vehicle owner, based on the mileage of the installed vehicle. It integrates speed information acquired from the Controller Area Network interface for communication between Electronic Control Unit and instrument panel, exposed at the On Board Diagnostics-II port, to calculate the vehicle mileage. By this, there is no additional wiring required for the system. We verify the system has only 0.28% error by comparing the mileage on the system with the instrument cluster on the vehicle. It automatically enters low-power mode consuming 15mW, which is a negligible amount for the typical conditions of the car, to prevent the vehicle battery from discharging when the ignition is off.

Design of forklift status information system using Android device (안드로이드 기기를 활용한 지게차 상태 정보 시스템 설계)

  • Park, Se-il;Jang, Jong-wook
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.233-235
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    • 2017
  • Forklift tend to work in place rather than moving due to work environment conditions, so they express only the engine operation time without expressing the moving distance unlike a general car's instrument panel. Therefore, various consumables constituting the forklift have a replacement cycle according to the operation time of the engine. However, it is very difficult to judge the exact replacement cycle only by the engine operation time because the working environment differs for each forklift. In this paper, we propose a system that provides position information and moving distance information of forklift to driver using GPS and IMU sensor. By using this system, it is expected that the forklift status information, which is difficult to judge by the existing instrument panel, is provided as easier information, and economic benefits for forklift management and maintenance are expected.

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Virtual Memory Replacement Policy based on Priority For VOD (VOD를 위한 우선 순위 기반의 가상 메모리 교체 기법)

  • 박시용;이승원;정기동
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2001.04a
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    • pp.127-129
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    • 2001
  • 본 논문에서는 실시간성을 기반으로 하는 VOD시스템을 위한 우선 순위 가중치 기반의 가상 메모리 교체 기법을 제안하였다. 전통적인 운영체제에서 사용하는 가상 메모리 기법인 LRU와 LFU등은 우선 순위를 전혀 고려하지 않기 때문에 실시간 기반의 운영체제에는 전혀 적합하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 실시간성을 유지하기 위하여 프로세스의 우선 순위에 기반 한 차등화 된 가상 메모리 기법을 제안하였다. 그리고 낮은 우선 순위를 고려하여 주기억장치의 프로세스 공간 점유율도 고려하였다. 실험 결과, 서로 차등화 된 페이지 교체횟수를 보였고 일정한 수준의 우선 순위에 따라서 차등화 된 공간 점유율을 유지하였다.

IRRAS를 사용한 최적 허용정지시간 및 점검주기 평가체계 개발

  • 양희창;정창현;제무성;신원기
    • Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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    • 1996.05b
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    • pp.455-460
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    • 1996
  • 원자력발전소의 기기들에 대한 허용정지시간과 점검주기는 운영기술지침서(Technical Specification)에 명시되어 있는데 점검주기가 짧은 기기의 잦은 점검은 손상부품의 교체를 통하여 발전소의 불이용도를 감소시키는 효과가 있는 반면 점검원의 부담을 늘려 보수시 인적오류의 증가로 인한 불이용도 증가의 가능성이 있다. 본연구에서는 기기의 허용정지 시간과 점검주기를 변화시켜 계통의 불이강도를 IRRAS 5.0을 이용하여 허용정지시간과 점검주기의 변화가 계통의 불이용도에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 평가체계를 개발하고 영광 3,4호기 보조급수계통에 적용하였다.

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A Case Study on the Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Steel Box Girder and Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge (Steel Box교와 PSC Box교의 LCC 분석에 관한 사례연구)

  • Ahn Jang-Won;Cha Kang-Suk;Kim Yong-Su
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.2 no.2 s.6
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate economics by the Life Cycle cost(LCC) analysis of Steel Box Girder and Prestressed Box Girder bridge types. The study has been performed as a case study. A questionnaire survey for the repair and replacement cycle has been done in order to predict operation and maintenance costs. For LCC analysis and comparison, the present value technique is used. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) A LCC analysis model of Steel Box Girder and Prestressed Box Girder bridge types is suggested through a case study. (2) The repair and replacement cycle of elements of them are investigated using a questionnaire survey. (3) As a result of LCC case study, the type of Prestressed Box Girder bridge is analyzed more economic than Steel Box Girder.

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Changes in Ion Balance and Individual Ionic Contributions to EC Reading at Different Renewal Intervals of Nutrient Solution under EC-based Nutrient Control in Closed-loop Soilless Culture for Sweet Peppers (Capsicum annum L. 'Fiesta') (EC 기준 파프리카 순환식 수경재배에서 양액 교체 주기에 따른 양액 중의 이온 균형 및 각 이온의 EC 기여도 변화)

  • Ahn, Tae-In;Son, Jung-Eek
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2011
  • Individual ion concentrations and ionic contributions to EC reading in the circulated nutrient solution are the important factors to be considered for stable EC-based closed-loop soilless culture. This study was conducted to determine appropriate ion-analysis intervals of the circulated nutrient solutions based on ion concentration, ion balance, and ion electrical conductivity under different renewal intervals in EC-based nutrient control systems for sweet peppers (Capsicum annum L. 'Fiesta') in early growth stage. Average node numbers of the plants were 13 and 18 when the experiment started and finished, respectively, and three plants were grown in each rockwool slab. Four different renewal intervals of circulated nutrient solutions such as 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks were used as treatment. Nutrient solutions were supplied to the plants based on integrated radiation. Drainage was collected into drain tanks after irrigation ended in the day and then mixed with fresh water until the EC reaches 2.69 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The replenished nutrient solution was supplied to the plants in the next day. Ion concentrations of the individual ions periodically analyzed in the circulated nutrient solutions showed no significant differences among the treatments during the experimental period. Ion concentrations of $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $NO_3{^-}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, ${PO_4}^{3-}$, and $Cl^-$ varied within 5-8, 11-14, 2.0-2.7, 0.5-0.6, 14-19, 4-5, 1-4, and 0.3-0.5 $meq{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. Ion balance showed a consistent tendency over all the treatments and especially $K^+$ : $Ca^{2+}$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ : ${PO_4}^{3-}$ played great roles in the cation and anion balances in the nutrient solutions, respectively. Activity coefficients of ions such as $K^+$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $H_2PO_4{^-}$ varied within 0.8-0.9 and those of $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ varied within 0.5-0.6, showing little changes with time. Ionic contributions of $K^+$ and $NO_3{^-}$ to EC reading were the greatest followed by $Ca^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ in the order. From the results, we thought that allowable ranges in ion concentration, ion balance, and subsequent individual ionic contributions to EC reading would be obtained within 4-week renewal interval of nutrient solution in EC-based closed-loop soilless culture for sweet pepper plants.