• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.139-164
• /
• 2009

The first demographic transition refers to the historical decline in mortality and fertility, as shown from the 18th Century in several European populations, and continuing present in most developing countries. The end point of the first demographic transition(FDT) was supposed to be a stationary and stable population corresponding with replacement fertility and zero population growth. In addition, households in all parts of the world would converge toward the nuclear and conjugal types, composed of married couples and their offspring. The second demographic transition(SDT), on the other hand, sees no such equilibrium as the end-point. Rather, new developments bring sub-replacement fertility, a multitude of living arrangements other than marriage, and the disconnection between marriage and procreation. Populations would face declining sizes if not complemented by new migrants. Over the last decades birth rates have been on the decline in all countries of the world, and it is estimated that already more than half of he world's population has below replacement level fertility. Measured in terms of the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), currently 34 countries have fertility levels of 1.5 or less. Similarly, Korea has been below lowest-low fertility for eight consecutive years since 2001 and below the replacement level for more than twenty years. In explaining the low fertility in Korea, some researchers explain the low fertility as revenge against a male-dominated society and institution, while others focus the impact of the employment instability. These studies share the basic ideas (spread of individualism, delayed marriage and childbearing, high divorce rate etc.) of a second demographic transition in order to explain the low fertility in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.143-164
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between public library use and the individual's personal value system. The personal value system was measured by Schwartz's (1992) Theory of Basic Human Values. The theory includes ten universal values, which can be categorized into four higher-order values: namely, self-transcendence vs. self-enhancement; and openness to change vs. conservation. The data were collected on the web from 1,000 Korean adults who were 18 years old or above using a quota sampling method with respect to the distributions of gender, age, and geographic locations of the general Korean adult population. The collected data were analyzed using multi-dimensional scaling method, t-tests, and multiple correlations. The results showed that the public library is more likely to be used by the individuals who value "openness to change" (representing self-direction and stimulation), and "self-enhancement"(representing achievement, power, hedonism/sensuous pleasure) than those who value "conservation" (representing safety, stability of society, conformity to rules, tradition) and "self-transcendence" (representing interest in other's well-being, and tolerance, welfare of humanity and community). The findings suggest that public library uses reflect the characteristics of major library services, such as reading and self-learning, which are very autonomous and individualistic in their nature. The findings are valuable in understanding the nature of the functions performed by the current Korean public libraries that are reflected in the personal values of Korean adult library users.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2018

High sodium dietary habits may cause various diseases, thereby threatening the public health. Various efforts have been made to control high sodium use in diets, but few studies have been conducted on health communication efforts to modify such habits. This study looks for suggestions for diet improvement education by examining whether or not high sodium dietary habits can be predicted by a consumer's perception on the threat and controllability of high sodium diets. In this study, a questionnaire was developed to measure the severity, vulnerability, efficiency, efficacy, and behavioral tendencies of the consumer, which were subscales of the protective motivation theory. The questionnaire was given to university students and their families in Chungnam Province. The results of a statistical analysis were as follows: First, more young people preferred high-sodium diets than older people. Second, the correlation analysis showed that older people knew that they were vulnerable to the negative effects of high sodium diets, but they would not change their dietary habits until they were confident that they could control the high-sodium diet. Third, the structural model analysis showed that the higher the coping perception was, the lower was the tendency to consume a high-sodium diet. These results suggest that in the effort to reduce high-sodium diets, it is more effective to provide viable information and improve efficacy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.337-356
• /
• 2017

The purpose of the research is to explore the main cause and effect of successful marriage that Korean husbands, who are multicultural families had. To do the research, the experiment has been done with 7 husbands for 2 months. The 7 husbands took depths interview and analyzed the result by grounded theory approach. As a result, the husband experienced 'repentance of marriage' because of 'unready marriage', but 'Raising children', 'Helping housework' and 'recognition from friends and colleague' have affected the husbands to have a successful marriage adaptation. Based on the result, a political and practical proposal has been proposed to the Korean husbands who are multi-cultural family. Here are the examples of the proposal. As a social welfare policy, 'obligation of information offering for prospective spouse', 'following the Labor Standards and parental leave', 'expansion of visiting supervise system' and 'making guidance for husbands and distribute map of Immigration Office, Multicultural Family Support Center and Community Center' have proposed. And as an alternative plan for a practical social welfare policy and continuous social awareness improvement, 'various education program', 'a program with domestic married couple', 'a program with parents-in-law', 'a specific program to increase the housework participation for husbands' and necessity of development and practice of group program for husband have been emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.51
• /
• pp.211-228
• /
• 2002

Despite the importance of the needs assessment activities and the necessity of the systematical investigation on the features of the needs assessment in the social service agencies, it has been observed that the recent NA studies have ignored an important study area of NA, the utilization of needs assessment results in social service agencies. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate salient features of the utilization of community needs assessment results, particularly, in the social welfare centers located in Seoul city. A questionnaire was constructed with seven parts, including a dependent variable and 6 independent variables, and 67 questionnaires were collected from 90 agencies during two months. As the result of the descriptive analyses, the five noticeable features were found; (1) the needs assessment results in the agencies was not highly utilized; (2) the attitude on the NA activities was not highly positive because the responders thought that NA activities require too much time from agency staff; (3) agency staff was more actively involved in the NA process than agency directors; (4) the responders thought that quality of NA influences on the utilization of NA; (5) the respondents were confident in carrying out NA although they did not have many opportunities to learn the technical skills of NA research. Multiple regressions were applied to analyze the relationship between independent variables and three kind of dependent variables - conceptual utilization, instrumental utilization, total utilization. The result showed that the conceptual utilization was critically influenced by social workers' confidence on NA, attitude on NA, and directors' involvement in NA. The institutional utilization was influenced by the directors' involvement. The total utilization was influenced by social workers' attitude on NA, confidence on NA, and directors's involvement. Major findings were discussed and several suggestions were made for future research and improvement of the utilization of needs assessment result in social welfare centers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.65-100
• /
• 2018

Korean Youth are facing diverse problems. For-instance Korean youth are even called '7 given-up generation' which indicates that they gave up marriage, giving birth, social relationship, housing, dream and the hope. From this point, the study concludes that the influential factors of the alcohol problems of youth should be studied based on the eco social perspectives. And it adopted data-mining methods, using SAS-Enterprise Miner for the analysis, targeting 2538 youths. Specifically, the study analyzed and chose the most predictable model using decision tree analysis, artificial neural network and logistic analysis. As the result, the study found that gender, age, smoking, spouse, family-number, jobsearching and economic participation are statistically significant determinants of alcohol problems of youth. Precisely, those who are male, younger, have the spouse, have less family number, searching jobs, have more income and have the job were more prone to have the alcohol problems. Based on the result, this study proposed the addiction problems targeting youth and etc. and expect to have the contribution on implementing procedures for the alcohol problems.

• Review of Culture and Economy
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.19-45
• /
• 2017

This paper aims to apply our research and theorization on arts entrepreneurship to entrepreneurs active in the arts and cultural sector. Our goal is to develop proposals for practical actions that can support both arts entrepreneurs and supportive arts advocates. Using Action Research methodology, we hosted and facilitated two workshops with selected groups of arts entrepreneurs. Prior to the workshops we designed a questionnaire, based on the competency theory, to assess the qualities and characteristics of the participants. During the workshops we conducted surveys, interviews, and made observations in order to further understand the knowledge, experiences, motivations, capabilities, and attitudes necessary to successful arts entrepreneurship. We also conducted in-depth follow-up interviews with participants as a cross-check. We found that most of the participating arts entrepreneurs had a low understanding of the technology required for effective arts entrepreneurship, which has resulted in insufficient managerial support for artistic innovation. In addition, we found that participants lacked the skills and clear vision to construct a viable economic engine for their organization. Nevertheless, in light of the considerable strengths and high levels of enthusiasm and commitment participants evinced, we believe that their deficits can be corrected with education and training. Thus, we conclude by discussing the path forward and outlining a proposal to develop an innovative educational program on the daily operations of arts management that emphasizes applied technology and creating financial sustainability.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.148
• /
• pp.101-128
• /
• 2018

While there are various opinions about the relationship of Schiller's thought and Kant's, it is undeniable that Schiller owes much to Kant. What distinguished Schiller from other Weimar thinkers at his time, such as Goethe, Herder and Wieland, was that unlike them Schiller accepted Kant's project of critical philosophy. In fact, Schiller did not just accept it, but tried to interpret and formulate anew the relation of beauty and morality and some other aesthetical-ethical ideals on the basis of the new philosophy. Schiller's famous project of 'aesthetic education of mankind' itself is the product of such an endeavor. In this work we follow the history of Schiller's acceptance of Kant's critical philosophy and ruminate over its implications. And then, we'll show that Schiller's 'beautiful soul' in Grace and Dignity (1793), which is often suggested to be a proof of Schiller's conflict with Kant, was understood on the basis of Kant's moral theory. In this part of the work, we compare Schiller's ideal of the 'beautiful soul' and Shaftesbury's ethical thought, which is often presumed to be its background. From this comparison we'll be able to see that there is a considerable disparity, despite apparent similarities, between Schiller's and Shaftesbury's ethical ideals, which is due to their respective philosophical sources, that is neo-platonic metaphysics and Kant's critical philosophy.

• Review of Culture and Economy
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.3-28
• /
• 2014

The characteristics of performing arts differ from those of utilitarian goods in terms of economics. Factors other than price need to be considered to understand the demand for performing arts. Audience surveys as well as econometric demand studies have confirmed that socio-economic factors such as age, income, employment, and education are major determinants of the demand for performing arts. This study focused on the attributes of concerts rather than consumer characteristics to determine the concerts audiences select in terms of transaction cost. Genre, price, internet search trends, and the purpose of performance as well as price are tested as determinants of demand by using the data set for a major concert hall in Seoul. Genre and the specific purpose of concerts influence the demand for concerts. Internet search trends of the performer are used as indicators of popularity and information exposure, which are positively correlated with demand. This result supports the hypothesis that larger audiences would attend concerts that require lower information search costs. To note, price has a positive effect on demand in the higher price range, which means that concerts at higher prices attract larger audiences, whereas normal goods have a negative slope in the demand curve. This result can be explained by the hypothesis that consumers use price as an indicator of the quality expected of a concert. Transaction cost for selecting classical concerts thus forms an inverse-U shape curve against ticket price. These results provide some explanation of why audiences of classical music choose to attend concerts at high ticket prices while offering evidence in favor of the hypothesis that performing arts are selected in a social context.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.57
• /
• pp.137-156
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of counter terrorism system and to identify the causes of problems and to suggest alternatives by selecting legal and operational sectors based on theories of open systems and integrated systems. According to the results of the research, first, the degree of agreement on the open system and the integrated system is low with regard to the characteristics of the counter-terrorism system. Second, in relation to the importance and necessity of major factors of construction and operation of counter-terrorism system, counter-terrorism workers recognize that it is the most important and necessary. In the case of strengthening international cooperative system, the difference of recognition between importance and necessity was the biggest. The importance and necessity of reviewing the Anti-Terrorism Act for the protection of the public and public safety were relatively low, and the cooperation with the private sector showed the lowest importance and necessity. In the case of academic achievement, the average level of high school graduates is higher than that of professional high school graduates. Therefore, this research concludes that counter terrorism operation system with open and integrated system has to be applied to national counter terrorism operation structure in South Korea in increasing the quality and efficiency of nation counter terrorism response capability.