• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.39
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• pp.69-101
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• 2007

Some clauses of the prior review rules for broadcasting commercials, which are enforced by the Broadcasting Act violate the right to free speech guaranteed by the Constitution. The range of prohibited expression under the clauses are too vague and overbroad to distinguish between permissible and impermissible broadcasting commercials. The clauses also fail to pass the constitutional principle that restrict government from excessive regulation on constitutional rights. The principle has a four-pronged test on the government action; 1) the validity of its goal; 2) availability of appropriate means; 3) necessity of infringement; 4) and balancing test of interests. Some clauses of the prior review rules that forbid expressions on sensitive political and cultural issues fail to pass none of the four-pronged standards.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.156-168
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• 2012

As the increase of violent crimes such as robbery, murder, and rape has become a social problem, the government is considering institutionalizing the identification of criminals to prevent crime and to guarantee people's right to know. Such an atmosphere led to the approval of the revision of 'Special Law On the Punishment of Specific violent Crimes' in the National Assembly in April 2010. The revision allows the revelation of the profiles of crime suspects including the pictures of their faces at the investigation stage. However, whether the revision had been effective in preventing crime has not been demonstrated empirically. Moreover, identity revelation is a grave intrusion into privacy and an abuse of human rights such as personal rights and the right to a fair trial, since personal information of criminal suspects would be released to the media prior to the court's final judgements. Also it violates the principle of presumption of innocence, the principles of due process, the principle of double jeopardy, the principle of prohibition against excessive, the principles of clarity, and the principle of liability.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.143-174
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• 2019

Our Constitution obliges the state to protect the health of the people, and the Medical Law, which embodied Constitution, sets out in detail the matters related to open the medical institution, and one of them is to prohibit the operation of multiple medical institutions. By the way, virtually multiple medical institutions could be opened and operated because the Supreme Court had interpreted that several medical institutions could be opened if medical activities were not performed directly at the additional medical institution which was opened under the another doctor's license. However, some health care providers opened the several medical institutions with another doctor's license for the purpose of the maximization of profit, and did illegal medical cares like the unfair luring of patients, over-treatment, and commission treatment. Also, realistic problems such as the infringed health rights have arisen. Accordingly, lawmakers had come to amend the Medical Law to readjust the system of opening for medical institution so that medical personnel could not open or operate more than one medical institution for any reason. For this reason, the Constitutional Court recently declared a constitutional decision through a long period of in-depth deliberation because the constitutional petition and the adjudication on the constitutionality of statutes had been filed on whether Article 33 paragraph 8 of the revised medical law is unconstitutional. The Constitutional Court acknowledged the "justice of purpose" in view of the importance of public medical institutions, of the prevention from seduction of for-profit patients and from over-treatment, and of the fact that health care should not be the object of commercial transactions. Given the risk that medical personnel might be subject to outside capital, the concern that the holder of the medical institution's opening certificate and the actual operator may be separated, the principle that the human body and life should not be just a means, and the current system's inability to identify over-treatment, it also acknowledged the 'minimum infringement'. Furthermore, The Constitutional Court judged it is constitutional in compliance with the principle of restricting fundamental rights, such as 'balance of legal interests'. In this regard, legislative complements are needed in order to effectively prevent the for-profit management and the over-treatment the Constitutional Court is concerned about. In this regard, consumer groups actively support the need for legislation, and health care providers groups also agree on the need for legislation. Therefore, the legislators should respect the recent Constitutional Court's decision and in the near future complete the complementary legislation to reflect the people's interests.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.295-326
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• 2015

Under the revision of medical law on February 1, 2012, health care providers are banned from opening 2 or more medical institutions and being involved in managing the institutions. However, purpose of the legislation of the revised law is unclear and even confirmation of such purpose of the legislation based on the calculation of multiple legislative backgrounds cannot be appropriate means of achieving such purposes. This article confirms and reviews the development of revision of medical law and history of the principle of 'one person-one medical institution', and legislative purpose of the revised medical law as well as examines unconstitutionality of such revision based on limited fundamental rights by the revision, principle of clarity, and principle of the prohibition of excessive restriction.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.3-30
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• 2021

Reasons for disqualification to restrict a medical person's license should be considered in functional and moral terms. In this sense, the grounds for disqualification of medical personnel should be expanded to include all crimes that have been declared to be "imprisonment without labor or greater punishment" by a court. Because a sentence of "imprisonment without labor or greater punishment" means that it is highly reprehensible and undermines the trust of the state as well as the trust in medical personnel. Therefore, the expansion of the scope of license restrictions for medical personnel cannot be regarded as a violation of "the Less Restrictive Alternative" rule. However, it is necessary to reflect the specificity of medical services in the license restrictions of medical personnel. This is because not all diseases can be treated with current medical services. In addition, unpredictable situations can occur at any time during medical practice. Consequently, the negligence that occurs during medical practice should be carefully examined from a functional perspective of the medical personnel. And it should be treated differently from ordinary crimes. To this end, an independent license review organization should be established to establish expertise in license management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.317-321
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• 2006

Endless criminal act has serious effect on safety of the nation and lives of the citizens and it is causing major disorder in ruling of the nation and the society. Also internet generalization in public put country's information foundation on the latest trend on the other hand, due to lack of security concept, cyber crime is on the rise such as hacking and viruses. But with various crime occurrence and increased desire for safety of citizens, there is limit to provide high quality public security service with just police force and equipments. To solve the problems, advanced crime prevention system, not on the nation's level but on the private level was activated private security business some time ago. And now it has its firm place as a corresponding existence with crime prevention capability of police force. Still private security industry of Korea has relatively many weak points when compared with advanced countries and it should be backed up with improvement of the law and the system.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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• no.121
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• pp.2-18
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• 2005

이 글은 시장지배적사업자의 배타적 거래행위에 관한 논문이다. 우리 독점규제법은 독점이나 과점 그 자체는 금지하지 않고 그 폐해, 즉 시장지배적사업자의 지위남용만을 규제하는 방식을 취하고 있다. 따라서 일반사업자의 불공정 거래행위를 규제하는 규정(동 법 제23조)과는 별도의 규정(동 법 제3조의2)를 두고 있다. 그러나 미국의 경우 독점의 시도자체를 원칙적으로 금지하는 입법 형식을 취하고 있으며(셔먼법 제2조), 사업자의 불공정거래행위에 대해서는 다른 규정에서 다루고 있다(셔먼법 제1조 및 클레이트법 제3조). 그러므로 독점사업자가 배타적 거래행위를 하는 경우, 우리 독점규제법에 따르면 동 법 제3조의2를 적용하여 해결할 수 있다. 그러나 미국의 경우, 우리 독점규제법 제3조의2와 같은 조항이 없기 때문에, 독점화에 관한 규정을 적용해야 하는지 아니면 불공정 거래행위에 관한 규정을 적용해야 하는지가 문제된다. 이 논문의 저자는 이처럼 독점화와 배타적 거래행위가 교차하는 부분을 문제의식을 갖고 보았다. 미국에서는 이 영역에서 발생하는 법적 문제들을 셔먼법 제2조에 관한 판례법을 통해 해결하고 있다. 이와 같이 이 영역을 독점화의 시도와 연관지어 검토했기 때문에, 매우 엄격한 잣대가 적용되었다. 그러나 최근에는 시장지배적사업자의 "효율적인" 행위가 과잉 규제되는 일이 없도록 해야 한다는 비판이 강하게 제기되면서, 이들의 거래행위에 대해 신중히 검토해야 한다는 주장이 일고 있다. 이에 대해 저자는 "신중한" 검토가 항상 중립적이지도 바람직하지도 않은 것이라고 항변한다. 신중한 검토를 하는 동안, 시장에서의 경쟁자들은 생존 자체에 위협은 느끼기 때문이라고 한다. 실제로 미국에서는 시장지배적사업자들이 신속하지 못한 독점금지 소송을 전략적으로 이용하고 있다고 한다. 또한 저자는 "독점금지법은 경쟁을 보호하기 위한 것이지 경쟁자를 보호하기 위한 것은 아니다"는 슬로건에 대해 강한 이의를 제기한다. 경쟁자 없이는 경쟁도 있을 수 없기 때문이다. 그리고 마지막으로 영화 스파이더맨에서 나온 대사로 끝을 맺는다. "큰 힘을 갖게 되면 큰 책임이 뒤따른단다."

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-171
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• 2018

The 「Act on Remedies for Injuries from Medical Malpractice and Mediation of Medical Disputes」(hereinafter referred to as 'the Act on Mediation of Medical Disputes') provides that the state should compensate the victims of medical accidents occurred irresistibly in childbirth despite that health and medical service personnel fulfilled their duty of care for their damage within the range of its budget(Article 46 of the Act on Mediation of Medical Disputes). Given that victims of medical accidents could expect demage recovery only through lawsuits thus far, this act can be said to be a groundbreaking act. However, However, as 30% of the costs for such medical accident compensation projects are borne by those who have records of childbirth among the founders of health and medical institutions (Article 21 of the Act on Mediation of Medical Disputes), there has been a question about whether doctors are held responsible despite that the accidents such as the deaths of mothers and newborn babies occurred irresistibly without doctors' fault. However, recently, the Constitutional Court ruled that 'the range of founders of health and medical institutions' and 'share ratios of finances for compensation' in Article 46 (3) of the Act on Mediation of Medical Disputes' related to the imposition of the share of costs are institutional (Constitutional Court ruling dated April 26, 2018, 2015Heonga13, hereinafter referred to as 'the ruling in the case'). Although the ruling in the case was made based on only the principle of statutory reservation and the principle of ban on comprehensive authorization, this paper added a practical judgment. This paper proved that the share of costs in this case has the nature of burden charges in pursuit of study and does not infringe on the property rights of the founders of health medical institutions even in light of the principle of proportionality because there is a legitimate reason for imposing the burden charge. The imposition of the share of costs in the system for compensation for medical accidents occurred irresistibly is against the principle of liability with fault in part. However, the medical accident compensation projects are rational a national policy for the victims of medical accidents and the medical world clearly gains some benefits from the effect to terminate medical disputes. The expansion of finances for compensation through the payments of the share of costs will reduce the suffering and misunderstanding of victims of medical accidents occurred in the process of childbirth and will be very helpful to the construction of stable treatment environments of medical workers by quickly establishing the medical accident compensation projects as such.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2018

Legal issues whether augmented reality(AR) game service companies are responsible for damages that their game users cause to the community and residents are occurring these days. These kind of damages affect not only game users but also third parties who do not play the AR game. This paper explores the recent cases and analyze the type of legal issues such as trespass, nuisance and unjust enrichment. To determine the necessity of regulating the AR game company, constitutional balancing test, causation, specificity and persistence of the damage and other various standards should be applied.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.271-288
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• 2010

In this paper, we study the dysfunctions of cryptography as dual-use goods and national domestic encryption control policies like key recovery system and decryption order. And we examine risks of the breach of the peoples' constitutional rights like the right to privacy in these policies and analyze these policies by applying the principle of the ban on the over-restriction. Finally, we propose the direction and requirements of our national domestic encryption control policy that maintains the balance of peoples' constitutional rights and investigatory powers.