• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2013

This paper proposes a systematic methodology that could be used to decide which one shows the best performance among space filling curves (SFCs) in applying lower-dimensional transformations to histogram sequences. A histogram sequence represents a time-series converted from an image by the given SFC. Due to the high-dimensionality nature, histogram sequences are very difficult to be stored and searched in their original form. To solve this problem, we generally use lower-dimensional transformations, which produce lower bounds among high dimensional sequences, but the tightness of those lower-bounds is highly affected by the types of SFC. In this paper, we attack a challenging problem of evaluating which SFC shows the better performance when we apply the lower-dimensional transformation to histogram sequences. For this, we first present a concept of spatial locality, which comes from an intuition of "if the entries are adjacent in a histogram sequence, their corresponding cells should also be adjacent in its original image." We also propose spatial locality preservation metric (slpm in short) that quantitatively evaluates spatial locality and present its formal computation method. We then evaluate five SFCs from the perspective of slpm and verify that this evaluation result concurs with the performance evaluation of lower-dimensional transformations in real image matching. Finally, we perform k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) search based on lower-dimensional transformations and validate accuracy of the proposed slpm by providing that the Hilbert-order with the highest slpm also shows the best performance in k-NN search.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.45-49
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• 1997

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.260-265
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• 2009

최근 전 세계적으로 많이 활용되는 MODIS영상은 250m 밴드 2개, 500m 밴드 5개, 1km 해상도의 밴드 29개로 제공된다. 그러나, 국내의 경우 상대적으로 국토 면적이 작고, 그 구조가 복잡하여 MODIS영상의 1km, 500m의 낮은 공간해 상도는 제약점으로 지적되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 공간해상도의 제약점을 해결하기 위해, MODIS 250m 2개 밴드와 500m 5개 밴드 영상을 합성하여 250m 공간해상도의 7개 밴드를 제작하였다. 이를 위해 Wavelet 합성방법을 비롯한 7개 합성방법을 적용하였으며, 6개의 통계적 합성 평가 척도를 적용하여 MODIS 합성 결과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 육안평가로는 LMVM 합성기법이 가장 선명한 합성영상을 제시하였으며, 합성평가 척도에서는 각 밴드별로 적합한 합성기법이 다르게 나왔으나, 전체적으로 PCA, LST, LMVM합성방법이 상대적으로 우수한 합성결과를 나타냈었다.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.357-371
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to decide the task space and Rating Scheme of task difficulty in complicated mathematical modelling situations. One of main objective was also to conform the validation of Rating Scheme to determine the degree of difficulty by comparing the student performance with the statement of the theoretical model. In spring 2014, the experimental setting was in Modelling Course for 38 in-service teachers in mathematics education. In conclusions, we developed the Model of Task Space based on their solution paths in mathematical modelling tasks and Rating Scheme for task difficulty. The Validity of Rating Scheme to determine the degree of task difficulty based on comparing the student performance gave us the meaningful results. Within a modelling task the student performance verifies the degree of difficulty in terms of scoring higher using solution approaches determined as easier and vice versa. Another finding was some relations among three research topics, that is, degree of task difficulty on rating scheme, levels of students performance and numbers of specific heuristic. Those three topics showed the impressive consistence pattern.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.333-340
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• 2014

We analyzed pedestrian preference and features of preferential space by MDS (Multi Dimensional Scaling). As the result, features of pedestrian space in dimension 1 could be interpreted as "Segregation of Pedestrian and Vehicle", and features of pedestrian space in dimension 2 could be read like "Natural-City". And as a result of vector analysis about preferential of pedestrian, a pedestrian mall between housing complex, pedestrian space in pocket park, pedestrian space in neighborhood park, and pedestrian space around public facilities was the best preferential space. On the other hand, pedestrians tended to dislike pedestrian space between detached.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1171-1180
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• 2015

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a graphical technique of multivariate analysis to display dissimilarities among individuals into low-dimensional space. We often have two kinds of MDS which are metric MDS and non-metric MDS. Metric MDS can be applied to quantitative data; however, we need additional information about variables because it only shows relationships among individuals. Gower (1992) proposed a method that can represent variable information using trajectories of the pseudo-points for quantitative variables on the metric MDS space. We will call his method a 'replacement method'. However, the trajectory can not be represented even though metric MDS can be applied to binary data when we apply his method to binary data. Therefore, we propose a method to represent information of binary variables using pseudo-points called a 'partition method'. The proposed method partitions pseudo-points, accounting both the rate of zeroes and ones. Our metric MDS using the proposed partition method can show the relationship between individuals and variables for binary data.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the design factor and the sensitivity in web site. The classification of sensitivity-types consists of the research of books and the survey, and the language specialist's review and the analysis of factor. The research of the Image Scale accomplished through the analysis of the result of sensitivity-types. The major findings of the analysis are summarized as follows. The webpage sensitivity-types are classified into the 7 types, namely 'refreshment', 'calm', 'refinement', 'strongness', 'youth', 'uniqueness', 'futurity'. As a result of analyzing of similarity between the adjectives by multiple standards, the web site Image Scale space consists of the axis between 'heavy-light' and 'soft-hard'. As a result of the research of relationship between the web site design factor and the emotion, the color and the layout influenced into 'soft-hard' much, and the light and the color influenced into 'heavy-light' much.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.508-521
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• 2006

The results of environmental equity analysis vary dramatically depending on different methods used. The information and data available to the researcher are also often uncertain and imprecise in empirical studies. A sensitivity analysis approach was used too handle uncertainties and methodological inconsistencies in environmental equity analysis. This paper explores the sensitivity of environmental equity analysis to two spatial measures such as proximity and scale. Two experiments were implemented to evaluate the effects of two spatial measures on the environmental equity analysis using a combination of control and experimental factors. Fulton County, Georgia was selected as a case study area for these experiments. Two major data sets including demographic characteristics and toxic release inventory (TRI) database for the study area in 1990 were integrated into a GIS environment. Two statistical analyses such as independent samples t-test and coefficient of variation were performed to determine the environmental equity in the study area and to compare the relative variability in the socioeconomic characteristics of populations over different spatial measures. The findings from two experiments indicate that the outcomes of environmental equity analysis are slightly sensitive to the buffer distance used to determine the impact zones of TRI facilities, but not to the geographic scale used in the analysis. The findings also suggest that the consequences of these choices can alter spatially and statistically the results in environmental equity analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.160-170
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• 2017

As a monumental building in the form of an arch, an archway has the characteristics of praise and honor. More and more historic, cultural and social connotations are given during the development of history. Four archways that are located on the middle route of the Red Gate Palace in the Mount Tai Scenic Area were chosen for research. Based on a literature review and field investigation with a visual analysis method, the physical attributes, spatial scale, perceptions and functions of the archways were discussed. The results were as follows: The archways in the research area are all made of stone. According to building location, they are classified into two types: Cultural archway and temple archway. Regarding functions, they are divided into symbolic archway, memorial archway and portal archway. From the point of view of form and scale, the Confucius Boarding Archway enjoys a higher standard than the other three. This reflects the importance of Confucian culture on Mount Tai. Regarding spatial scale, the archway becomes the focus in a restrictive linear space by an object-to-object and person-to-object comparison. Visitor experience of crossing the archways is strongly enhanced as it acts as entrance and exit, and it has the function of guiding sight since the arrangement of the archways further extend the line of sight. Couplets and inscriptions on the archways increase a sense of expectation for visitors on their way to the top of Mount Tai.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.6
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• pp.730-736
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• 2007

The heterogeneity of forest environment plays an important role in the structure and dynamics of tree population, the composition of forest community, and the maintenance of species diversity. Based upon the research data of the nine hectare permanent plot in the typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest, this study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of spatial pattern of Acer tegmentosum population for seedlings, saplings, and living and dead trees so as to evaluate the effect of micro-topography on spatial pattern of the species. The results noted that A. tegmentosum preferred to gentle slopes. There was no difference in density of seedlings by the variation of aspect, but the density of saplings, and living and dead trees was high on the western and southeastern slopes. Living trees of A. tegmentosum showed the clumped pattern for all scales within 150 m and highest at the scale of 30 m. Dead stems of the species indicated the clumped pattern within 111 m, highest at the scale of 72 m, and random pattern beyond the scale of 111 m (P < 0.01 ). The similarity of occurrence by developmental stages of A. tegmentosum showed that seedlings vs. saplings, saplings vs. living trees, and living trees vs. dead stems had highly positive correlation to each other, respectively (P < 0.01 ), indicating that the occurrence of previous developmental stages was positively correlated to following stages.