• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2012

Due to growing interests in the distribution of traffic volume through information dissemination such as VMS and traffic broadcasting system, the research on the driver's reaction and effect of the traffic report has continued. In this study, we propose a methodology, which estimates the traffic volume of diversion and the consequential diversion rate using FTMS data and TCS data, and the estimation is based on the analysis of the national highway and IC, in which real-time FTMS and TCS data are established. We also calculate the diversion rate of actual targeted sections and analyze the changes in time and spatial diversion rate. In this study, we define a deviation (considering a deviation due to dynamic properties of traffic conditions) found when the outflow traffic volume is temporarily higher than the average outflow traffic volume on a relevant time slot after providing traffic information. The diverting volume is considered to be caused by the traffic information, and the study determines the ratio of traffic volume on highways to that of route diversion as the diversion rate. The analysis on changes in the diversion rate in accordance with the time flow, the initial change in the diversion rate on upstream IC that first acquires the report on the traffic congestion is significant. After that, the change in the diversion rate on upstream IC affects the route diversion on downstream IC with spatial and time flow, and this again leads the change in upstream IC. Thereby, we confirmed that there is a feedback-control circulation system in the route diversion.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.2D
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2011

The provision of traffic information plays an important role in increasing social benefit not only by saving travel time for individuals but also by improving the efficiency of road operation. VMS(Variable Message Sign) helps on-wheel drivers easily understand the road situation, and also provides real-time traffic information to people on the streets. However, it has not been sufficiently studied on how traffic information based on VMS influences on the drivers' selection of route. This study investigated how drivers use VMS traffic information and how they are satisfied with it. Then, the model of drivers' route selection was specified with the types of traffic information and the expected travel time to examine the influence on the selection of drivers' route. The model was estimated and analyzed in three types according to the condition of detour roads, and the rate of route change and the degree of sensitivity was calculated from the estimation. The results of analysis are as follows. the $1^{st}$ type model showed the 10% of route change for the travel time saving of 5minutes, and the 81.6% of route change for the travel time saving of 20minutes. The $2^{nd}$ type led to the range of route change from 14.2% to 92.7% over the 5 through 20 minutes of travel time saving. The $3^{rd}$ model resulted in the 99.1% of route change. The sensitivity of route change showed the highest for the travel time saving of 11 minutes with the $1^{st}$ type model, 9 minutes with the $2^{nd}$ type model, and 5 minutes with the $3^{rd}$ type model respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.08a
• /
• pp.71.2-71.2
• /
• 2013

천연가스를 화학적 전환에 의해 부가가치를 높이기 위해서는 리포밍에 의해 합성가스(CO/H2)를 경유하는 간접전환경로가 현재로서는 가장 현실적인 방법이라 할 수 있다. 천연가스를 이용한 합성가스 제조기술은 수증기개질법(SRM), 이산화탄소 개질법(CDR, dry reforming), 부분산화법, 촉매 부분 산화법, 자열개질법 등으로 구분되며, 최근에는 각각의 제조방법의 장점을 고려하여 혼합개질법 또는 일련의 리포머 조합 방법이 개발되고 있다. CDR은 촉매 하에서 메탄과 이산화탄소의 직접접촉에 의해 반응이 일어나며, 수소와 일산화탄소의 비가 같은 합성가스가 제조된다. SRM에 비하여 고온에서 반응이 일어나고 전환율이 더 낮으므로 에너지 소비가 상대적으로 높다. 하지만, SRM과 함께 사용하면 합성가스 비율을 F-T합성이나 메탄올 합성에 적절한 비율로 조절이 가능한 장점이 있으며, 온실가스를 저감시킬 수 있는 전환기술로도 각광받고 있다. 본 발표에서는 최근의 CDR을 이용한 가스로부터 합성석유(GTL)와 메탄올을 고효율로 생산하는 기술 개발 동향에 대해서 소개하고자 한다.

• Economic Analysis
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.43-69
• /
• 2021

As the trade linkages and the financial relationship between China and Korea grow stronger, China's influence on Korea is also growing larger. Therefore, it is meaningful to examine key features of Chinese monetary policy operations and the current situation, and to analyze the transmission mechanism of China's monetary policy shocks onto the Korea economy. China's monetary policy shocks can have an impact on the Korea economy through the trade, financial and oil-price channels. In the trade channel, an expansionary Chinese monetary policy can increase Korea's exports of intermediate goods to China under the vertical trade structure, via the vertical trade integration effect. Meanwhile, the expenditure switching effect and the income demand effect show no statistical significance. In the financial and oil-price channels, expansionary Chinese monetary policy shocks can decrease the interest rate and increase both stock prices and the consumer price index in Korea through changes in global portfolio capital flows, interest rates, and raw material prices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.87-98
• /
• 1999

전통적인 교통계획 과정에서 이용되어 온 수요모형들은 대부분 수단선택과 통행배정을 나누어 실시하는 모형이 주를 이루어 왔다. 그러나 교통수단이 다양해짐에 따라 실제 통행자들은 통행 도중 환승을 통해 수단을 전환하는 경우가 발생하게 되며 이 경우 수단선택 과정과 통행배정 과정을 하나로 통합하여 분석할 필요가 있다. 따라서 기종점간 수단 분담율은 기점과 종점에서의 그 값이 다르지만 수단선택과 통행배정이 분리되어 있는 기존 모형을 적용할 경우, 출발과 도착시의 수단 분담율이 동일하게 나타나는 비현실적인 결과를 도출하게 된다. 이러한 문제는 통행수단을 통행의 기본단위로 보고, 수단통행량을 추정하기 때문에 그 수단을 이용하는 통행자들의 행태 대신 수단의 특성만이 모형화되기 때문이다. 따라서 기존의 교통계획 과정에서는 수단분담 과정과 통행배정과정이 분리됨에 따라 수단간 환승이 고려되지 않아 통행자들의 경로 구성과정을 정확히 표현하는데 어려움이 있었다. 또, 수단분담 모형으로 가장 많이 이용되는 로짓 모형의 경우 환승을 고려하면 비관련 대안간 독립성문제(CIA)가 발생하고, 환승경로 수요추정이 불가능해 사실상 통합 교통망과 같이 복수 수단이 운행하는 교통망은 분석하기 어렵게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위하여 사람통행(Person Trip)을 기반으로 하는 수단분담-통행배정 통합모형을 개발하고 기존의 결합모형과 그 결과를 비교하였다.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.1-31
• /
• 2007

Korea, China and Japan have been undergoing economic development, demographic transition and population aging, in a speed unparalleled in world history. This paper examines, for each of these countries, on (i) the trend and prospect of the effective dependency burden (EDB) in terms of stable population and (ii) the optimum fertility path which will lead to a stable population with the minimum level of EDB under the trend and prospect of decreasing age specific mortality rates. It then evaluates (iii) the transitory EDB costs of pro-natal policies during the adjustment process of stabilization and (iv) the effectiveness of other supplementary policies which influence EDB parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.137-151
• /
• 2017

The space between urban buildings becomes a waterway during rain events and requires a boundary condition in numerical calculations on grids to separate overland storm flows from building areas. Minimization of the building data distortion as a boundary condition is a necessary step for generating accurate calculation results. A building generalization is used to reduce the distortion of building shapes and areas during a raster conversion. The objective of this study was to provide the appropriate threshold value for building generalization and grid size in a numerical calculation. The impact of building generation on the connectivity of urban storm waterways were analyzed for a general residential area. The building generalization threshold value and the grid size for numerical analysis were selected as the independent variables for analysis, and the number and area of sinks were used as the dependent variables. The values for the building generalization threshold and grid size were taken as the optimal values to maximize the building area and minimize the sink area. With a 3 m generalization threshold, sets of $5{\times}5m$ to $10{\times}10m$ caused 5% less building area and 94.4% more sink area compared to the original values. Two sites representing general residential area types 2 and 3 were used to verify building generalization thresholds for improving the connectivity of storm waterways. It is clear that the recommended values are effective for reducing the distortion in both building and sink areas.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.888-901
• /
• 1996

Oxidations of cyclopentene and of 1-pentene with air have been studied on a V/Mo/P/Al/Ti-mixed oxide catalyst in a fixed bed integral reactor. At high levels of conversion maleic anhydride was in each case produced as the major organic product, along with minor amounts of phthalic anhydride and, only starting from 1-pentene, also of citraconic anhydride. At lower levels of conversion a total of 30 organic products have been identified, some of which may be intermediates on the way from the substrates to the three anhydrides mentioned above. Based on the dependence of selectivities of the organic products on conversion, reaction schemes for the formation of maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and citraconic anhydride have been proposed. Oxidation at $310^{\circ}C$ led to increasing conversions and selectivities for maleic anhydride with decreasing space velocities. The highest selectivities for maleic anhydride were obtained at conversion of ca. 100%. Oxidation at a constant space velocity of $2{\cdot}10^4h^{-1}$ led to increasing conversions with increasing temperatures in the range of $300^{\circ}C{\sim}420^{\circ}C$, while the selectivity for maleic anhydride passed through a maximum value of ca. 39% at $370^{\circ}C$ in the oxidation of cyclopentene and a maximum value of ca. 30% at $400^{\circ}C$ in the oxidation of 1-pentene.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 2024

Live streaming commerce has emerged as an innovative e-commerce model. This study, based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), aims to explore the impact of Key Opinion Consumers' (KOCs) attributes in live streaming commerce on purchase intentions on short video platforms. A survey was conducted with 411 consumers, and data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 23.0 software. Research has found that differences in consumers' information processing abilities lead to different pathway selections. Central route factors such as recommendation consistency, product involvement, and professionalism, as well as peripheral route factors such as recommendation timeliness, all have significant positive effects on consumers' purchase intention. However, visual cues in the peripheral route do not have a significant impact. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of the live streaming commerce industry, and to help companies adjust their promotion strategies based on differences in consumer information processing, thereby improving purchase conversion rates.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.497-503
• /
• 1998

The catalytic oxidation of 1.2-dichloroethane was investigated over precious metal supported on alumina using a fixed bed microreactor. Among the catalysts tested, the conversion of 1.2-dichloroethane decreased in the following order : Ru > Pt > Pd $${\sim_=}$$ Rh and Pt was found to be the most active catalyst for the complete oxidation of 1.2-dichloroethane to $CO_2$. Major products containing carbon were vinyl chloride and $Co_2$ at temperature ranging from 200 to $400^{\circ}C$. The presence of vinyl chloride in products suggests that the first step in the oxidation of 1.2-dichloroethane is dehydrochlorination and the second is oxidation of vinyl chloride to $CO_2$. To investigate the effect of HCl on the activity of the complete oxidation, some experiments were conducted by adding HCl to the feed. The presence of HCl increased the conversion of 1.2-dichloroethane below $300^{\circ}C$ owing to the increase of surface acidity, but it didn't affect the conversion above $300^{\circ}C$. The reversible adsorption of HCl onto catalyst surface inhibited the complete oxidation to $CO_2$.