• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of visual perception and to extend the landscape evaluation area by comparing eye-tracking evaluation and landscape adjective evaluation methods towards various type of nightscapes. As a result of the study, it showed that 'blink count', 'fixation duration average', and 'saccade duration average' of eye tracking measurements have a significant correlation with 'beautiful', 'interesting', 'accessible', 'satisfying', and 'safe' regarding landscape adjectives. In addition, there was a tendency toward areas of interests (AOIs) depending on 12 different nightscapes, which showed that the gaze was fixated by focusing on certain landscape elements such as 'door' and 'signs'. These results suggest that the eye-tracking method is an effective tool to specify the evaluation of 'landscape elements' rather than the 'whole landscape' and can be used as a basis to support landscape preference theories, which has been presented as conceptual only. In this way, the results of this study demonstrated the possibility of various applications of eye tracking as an objective landscape evaluation technique, and it is possible to suggest specific implications to landscape planning through the accumulation of continuous research results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.3 s.89
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• pp.125-131
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• 2006

Recently, flowerbed median strips are being installed in urban highways for safety and scenery. In addition, efforts to enhance urban image through roadside flowerbeds and trees are being exerted for afforestation to enhance the urban environment. The sensibility of humans, such as the feeling of agreeableness of drivers must be considered when planning roads. However, not many researches on users on road environment are being conducted. Accordingly, KANSEI Engineering that is attracting attention nowadays was applied to form the image or sensibility of humans as definite object, in order to grasp the relation between the personal attributes of users and road formation with sensible factors considered when the road users evaluates the road scenery. As the result of research, streetscape was not evaluated based on individual factors such as roads, trees and buildings that form roads, but was based on sensibility image based on harmony of the overall road formation according to the changes of each factors.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2021

Recently, the importance of competitive cities has emerged, and many cities around the world are striving to gain competitiveness. Domestic cities are also enhancing their competitiveness by taking advantage of the city's uniqueness and locality with strategies differentiated from other cities, and interest in city brands is increasing. This study seeks to enhance the city brand by improving the landscape elements of the airport, a representative international entrance. Through Instagram's hashtag function, it aims to derive elements of landscape preferred by airport users and to find ways to enhance Busan's city brand based on them.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1367-1375
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• 2017

Recently, the use of land cover maps has been continuously increasing to analyze spatial patterns such as spatial compositions, functions and changes of landscape mosaics. In this paper, we propose a landscape analysis system that extracts patches, which is an element of landscape mosaics, in the land cover map using region-based image processing technique, and computes patch-based measures at patch level and class level. Also we propose a patch-based spatial pattern that can represent spatial relations using the computed measures. To validate the proposed system's effectiveness, we apply to Gwangju metropolitan city and analyze Gwangju's land use and spatial patterns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.145-160
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• 2000

This study is focused to the national park of Korean typical Sea Hally$\check{o}$ Haesang, and its visual resources and practiced inspect course by the way of suppositions and tests, to show the visual resource management objectively, and that of qualitative basic data. Accordingly by measuring the physical amount spatial structure with the visual amount originated from the Mesh Analyzing Method and the Visual Preference from the Scenic Beauty Estimation(S.B.E.) method and analyzed the valuation of the visual resource by Iverson method. Spatial image structure measured by Semantic Differential(S.D.) Scale was shown through the factor analysis algorithm for the analyzing psychological amount and examined the flowing out of decisive factor and the objective importance related to the mutual factors by appling the measurement of the visual quality. As a national Park, the visual factors that have natural landscape harmonized with forest, sky, surface of the water, curious stones and rocks, and temples should be escalated their values affirmatively so as to be the scenery of pointed direction and enjoyable, and it is of more needed for visual resource and its' controlling technique to make artificial structures more intentional planning and systemical setting. When we are viewing the improvement for the national park along with the visual resource management, reasonable level of development is needed, because when men interference surpass plantations and leasts will be damaged and the quality of natural landscape can be lowered, so it is needed to set up a management end, tangibly or clearly; and it is permitted limit coming and going ablably by accounting the suitable number for availing. But the controling end should be set in every level, positive management, very actively within the permissive varcability. It is the main business for the national park to prevent the damage from human for their gay life or to prevent the damage of a land carpet, and to restorate for the visual resource management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.110-118
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• 2015

Borimsa Temple in Jangheung, one of the Goosanseonmoon of Shilla Dynasty, calls for a study in the field of landscape architecture because it has very significant elements in cultural and ecological landscaping aspects. This study examined the changes in landscaping elements of Borimsa Temple since the 17th century in order to newly recognize cultural landscaping value of space composition elements for traditional temple and to verify landscape architectural position. For research method, literatures such as Sajeonggi (事蹟記), Joongchanggi, a surveyed map by Fujishima Gaijiro in 1928 and Joseon Gojeogdobo (朝鮮古蹟圖譜) and modern documents including Borimsa Temple Precision Ground Survey Report and photographic records of National Archives of Korea and provincial governments were examined together with a field survey in order to trace changes in landscape elements such as buildings within the temple site, pond and temple forest. The results are as the following: First, for geographical locations of Borimsa Temple, it is located in an auspicious location and Shipyuknahansang and Cheonbul were placed in a supplementary purpose according to the contents of Bojoseonsatapbi. Compared to Namhwaseonsa Temple in China, it has a similar environmental composition but the fact that buildings were placed on platforms is a distinctive difference. Second, architectural landscape of Borimsa Temple went through the Japanese colonial era and Korean War and still going through changes today. Thus, there shall be some appropriate measures such as to establish an archive of past landscape data. Third, the contents of Borimsa Temple Sajeonggi suggests that the pond of Borimsa Temple had been in a indeterminate form with stones on the outer edge. Its name could have been Yongcheon (湧泉) according to the contents of Joongchanggi. Also, the current landscape, in comparison with past photographs, is a result of changes from surface raise occurred by ground reinforcement within the temple site. Fourth, Jangsaengpyoju (長生標柱) mentioned in Bojoseonsatapbi and Borimsa Temple Sajeonggi was thought to be the dried juniper tree in front of Daewoongbojeon, which can be found in past photographic documents but, it is now assumed to be Seokbihyeong (石碑形) considering the Gukjangsaeng and Hwangjangsaeng of Dogapsa Temple of the similar time period. Moreover, Hongsalmoon mentioned in Joongchanggi was established by King's order after the Manchu war of 1636 in praising of Buddhist monks those who had volunteered to fight for the country. Fifth, it is apparent in Borimsa Temple Joongchanggi that geomancy was a consideration in landscaping process of Borimsa Temple, and the record indicates that pine trees, bo trees and persimmon trees were planted. Sixth, tea tree forest was verified of its historical root that is Seongchailyeo from Unified Shilla through passing down of Jeong Yak-yong's Goojeunggoopo method and relevant documents of Seon Master Choui and Yi Yu-won. Seventh, nutmeg tree forest suggests that nutmegs were used in national ceremonies and for medical uses. The nutmeg tree forest was also verified of its role as Naehwasoorimdae (a forest built to prevent fire from spreading) through aerial photographs and placement of a forest reserve.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to find out the characteristics of secluded cultural landscapes that were retained by Eyogye Cho Lyeo(漁溪 趙旅) as a recluse or a schola at the early time of Chosun dynasty through his poems, residential site and his successors' landscapes. The study sites were selected such as Wonbukgae(院北齋), Chamijeong(採薇亭), Gomaam (叩馬巖) and his graveyard. In order to do that, Wonbukgae, Chamijeong, Gomaam and his cemetery were selected as studying sites. Also researching methods were used by grasping the landscape elements through reading ancient books such as "Eyogyezip(漁溪集)", field-researching, analyzing characters of his secluded landscapes and interpreting his poem's meaning. This research found that: 1) After Danjong(端宗)'s dethronement, he returned to his home town and never come out to the world again. He wanted to keep fidelity to his king forever. 2) He was affected for his seclusion from many people who were Ryu Gyebun(柳桂芬), Bae Junghu(裵仲厚) as his classmates at Sunggyungwan(成均館). Also Won ho(元昊) and Kim Sisyub(金時習) as members of Sangyuksin(生六臣) affected him for sake of their seclusion. 3) The meaning of his seclusion expressed the notation of seclusion as a fisherman from his pen name as 'Yeogye'. Also this kind culture has very particular behavior such as concentration phenomenon of action, absolute eccentricity of seclusion, tourism of nature and deep knoledge of feng shui, strong persistence of seclusion and confucian practical attitude of filial behavior. 4) The secluded cultural landscape is divided to four regions. They have two types of landscape such as secluded cultural landscape of his lifetime and landscape transmission of his posterity and scholars. 5) The interpretation of his poems and their aesthetic analysis found two characters. His poems were expressed by landscape substance like plants, natural and man-made elements. Their theme was confucian, peaceful and faithful seclusion.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose the basic guideline of the environmental sculptures to improve the quality level of the urban surroundings. The concept of the environmental sculptures was established and their roles in urban street scenary were investigated. And then, the relationships between the visual satisfaction and the elements which affect the visual harmony of Urban street scenary were analysed. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; The visual satisfaction was shown high at the sculptures itself with good shape and esthetic sense, and the harmony among the surroundings was estimated highly at the sculptures of good harmony with the floor surface, building and the elements surrounded it. And the highest satisfaction was shown at the scenary with the dean images and visual stability. The correlation of the degree of satisfaction with 5 variables which effect the satisfaction of urban streetscape shows that the harmony of shape is the most important variable for urban street scenary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2009

A landscape represents a part of the local environmental characteristics consisting of nature, artificial factors, and human living condition, and is now emerging as the very important factor in the development and conservation of national land. However, due to the rapid economic growth and development-based land businesses during the past, environment-friendly and nature-friendly development was not realized so that the development considering the landscape of downtowns and highlands was not achieved as well. Thus, in this study, targeting the area in which development and rehabilitation are being Intelligent Spatial Data, and through the three-dimensional simulation before and after the development and rehabilitation, realistic landscape impact could be analyzed and the consequential problems by the development and rehabilitation were easily figured out.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

In order to preserve beautiful coastal areas landscapes of Jeju Island's the landscape resource, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province is dedicated to protecting the landscape through legal regulations and deliberations. However, the Coastal Landscape of Jeju Island was continuously damaged by due to increased tourist and high development pressure. Based on buildings along the Coastal Road in Aeowal of Jeju Island, this study focused on Management Status of Coastal Areas Landscapes through the Analysis of Building Landscape Elements. As a result, 1) It was effective to limit the use and scale of buildings through legal regulations such as Use zoning. 2) The result of analysis on the physical landscape elements of buildings showed some of the them have the damage values despite passing the review of Architecture Committee. Therefore Landscape Policies required institutional maintenance. 3) As physical landscape Elements of buildings is a minimum quantitation criterion of not less than 1.5 for D/H, or less than a factor of $27^{\circ}$ for angle of elevation and not less than 7.8m for elevation blockage ratio was presented as a criterion for preventing damage to the minimum Coastal Landscape.