• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

In a goal-oriented dialogue, speakers' intentions can be represented by domain actions that consist of pairs of a speech act and a concept sequence. Therefore, if we plan to implement an intelligent dialogue system, it is very important to correctly infer the domain actions from surface utterances. In this paper, we propose a statistical model to determine speech acts and concept sequences using conditional random fields at the same time. To avoid biased learning problems, the proposed model uses low-level linguistic features such as lexicals and parts-of-speech. Then, it filters out uninformative features using the chi-square statistic. In the experiments in a schedule arrangement domain, the proposed system showed good performances (the precision of 93.0% on speech act classification and the precision of 90.2% on concept sequence classification).

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.211-216
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• 2017

XML is becoming a de facto standard for the representation and exchange of data, and XML itself is well structured to store and manage data, but it is difficult to understand the document structure at a glance due to its diverse and complex expressions. Thus, it is not appropriate to use it as a tool of conceptual model. In this paper, we propose a method to transform XML schema document structure into conceptual model. To do this, we describe CMXML as a conceptual modeling tool and present transformation rules and data structures for transforming an XML schema structure into CMXML diagram. In the transformation procedure, the XML schema document is input and the CMXML diagram is generated by applying the transformation rules.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.305-321
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• 2015

This study started with wondering whether the nonproportional model used in unit assessment for 2nd graders is appropriate or not for them. This study aims to explore the applicability of the nonproportional model to 2nd graders when they learn about numbers. To achieve this goal, we analyzed elementary mathematics textbooks, applied two kinds of tests to 2nd graders who have learned three-digit numbers by using the proportional model, and investigated their cognitive characteristics by interview. The results show that using the nonproportional model in the initial stages of 2nd grade can cause some didactical problems. Firstly, the nonproportional models were presented only in unit assessment without any learning activity with them in the 2nd grade textbook. Secondly, the size of each nonproportional model wasn't written on itself when it was presented. Thirdly, it was the most difficult type of nonproportional models that was introduced in the initial stages related to the nonproportional models. Fourthly, 2nd graders tend to have a great difficulty understanding the relationship of nonproportional models and to recognize the nonproportional model on the basis of the concept of place value. Finally, the question about the relationship between nonproportional models sticks to the context of multiplication, without considering the context of addition which is familiar to the students.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.815-824
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• 2004

In academic and/or practitioner literature, the assortment planning for fashion sensitive products is rarely systematically studied, and organized in an objective format. The purpose of this study was to develop a suggested assortment planning model for women's clothing retail buyers by integrating a conceptual assortment planning model and a practical-use assortment planning model, which are also developed in this study. In developing the conceptual model, this research categorized and organized the pieces of assortment planning activities illustrated in available literature. In developing the practical-use model, ten women's dress buyers from department stores and specialty stores were interviewed. The contents of the interview dictation were classified and summarized by concepts and variables. The summary was validated by the interviewees and recontextualized for the practical-use model. Five experts compared the conceptual and practical-use models, adjusted the discrepancies, and integrated into the suggested model. In addition, a questionnaire asking review of all functional activities of the suggested model was sent to interviewees to ascertain its validity. As the result, assortment planning process was determined at abstract level as the following: (a) recognize problem, (b) search for information, (c) evaluate qualitative value of product, (d) evaluate quantitative value of product, (e) plan product selection, and (f) plan sales.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.646-648
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• 2005

인터넷의 급속한 성장과 더불어 사용자들은 인터넷을 통해 많은 정보를 얻을 수 있게 되었으며 최신 뉴스를 실시간으로 접근할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 따라 방대한 정보 속에 사용자 관심사에 맞는 정보를 효과적으로 검색하기 위한 여러 방법들이 연구되어 왔다. 하지만 기존의 많은 선행 연구들은 단어 빈도 기반의 키워드 벡터 모델을 이용하여 사용자의 관심사를 학습하고 있다. 이러한 키워드 벡터 모델은 사용자의 선호도를 명확하게 기술하지 못하고 키워드를 이용한 특징 벡터 (feature-vector)는 개념들 사이의 관계를 찾기 어려운 한계를 가지고 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해 본 논문에선 계층적 개념 인덱싱(Hierarchical Concept Indexing)을 이용한 온톨로지 형태의 개인화된 사용자 프로파일을 만드는 방법을 제안한다. 생성된 사용자 프로파일에 개념 간의 유사도와 개념에 대한 사용자의 관심도를 고려하여 보다 개인의 선호도에 맞는 기사를 제공한다. 실험에서는 제안된 방법의 성능 평가를 위해서 기존의 키워드 벡터 모델의 학습 방법인 WebMate 시스템과 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 제안하는 방법이 키워드 벡터를 이용한 학습 방법보다 향상된 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.7 no.2 s.13
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• pp.144-155
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• 2003

In this paper, a conceptual data model, called the UDM(Unified Data Model), to efficiently represent database structures related with object technology and complex structured data, is proposed. This model integrates major features of modern data models, such as E-R model, Semantic Object Model, and UML, especially from the viewpoint of database design. This model is basically a simplified, but extended version of the Object-Relationship Model, which was proposed to model complex structures of temporal-spatial multimedia data. This model incorporates some of the important semantic and structural information of modern database applications and it is designed to support all of the major logical database models, including relational, object-relational, object-oriented, and (semi-)structured databases. A special diagrammatic technique, called the UDD(Unified Data Diagram), is introduced as a tool for database design. Also, possible ways to derive logical views of data from this unified data model are presented. The proposed model can be utilized as a convenient and practical tool for conceptual database designs.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.60-77
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• 2008

We investigated the textbook model explaining a phase of the Moon and compared it with student models at the secondary levels in Korea. 20 high school students and 36 middle school students from suburb area participated in this study. Participants were interviewed to explain understandings about the cause of the Moon's phase with drawing their models. The results of this study showed that the textbooks now in use explain the phase of the Moon with one unique scientific model, while students displayed 6 different kinds of models including the scientific model. Furthermore the students tend to have comparatively scientific model modes as their grades increase and their scholastic ability levels become higher. Although the students have learned the Moon's phase in school, they still have alternative models because the textbook does not explain enough for the students to overcome their alternative conceptions. In the textbook, the model presented without explanation of the limitation of the model, so there can be a gap between the model in the textbooks and the models in the mind of students. With these findings, we propose complementary models for helping secondary school students to develop their understanding of moon phases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.633-635
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• 1998

Farmer 모델에서 지원하는 다중성(multiplicity)은 하나의 개체를 구성하기 위하여 동일한 형태의 구성요소가 여러 번 발생하는 경우에 이의 대표적인 요소만을 표시하는 추상화 개념으로서 Farmer 모델에서만 지원하는 독특한 추상화 개념이다. 다중성 추상화 개념에서 정의된 대표개체는 자신의 인스턴스들을 가질 수 있다. 이들 인스턴스들은 IM-컴포넌트 타입 개체 노드 및 OM-컴포넌트 타입 개체 노드이며 다중성 인스턴스 링크를 이용하여 대표개체와 연결된다. 본 논문에서는 다중성 추상화 개념과 다중성 인스턴스 링크의 정의 및 예를 제시하며 실제 Farmer 모델링 알고리즘내에서 다중성 인스턴스 링크의 개념을 다중성 매핑 알고리즘을 통하여 구체화시켰다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.647-649
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• 2000

개념-논리 스키나 설계의 목적은 개념 스키마를 사용 가능한 데이터의 구조화와 제약사항 모델화를 위한 기능들을 가능한 후 효과적으로 표현하는 것이다. 스키마 변환은 이러한 표현을 구현 언어나 데이터베이스와는 독립적인 차원에서 고려할 수 있도록 해준다. 개념-논리 스키마로의 변환에 프리미티브 변환을 적용함으로써 얻을 수 있는 이점은 개념 스키마에 나타난 정보를 손실 없이 구현 모델에 반영할 수 있게 한다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 다단계 보안 응용을 위한 일반화 계층구조의 스키마 변환에서 발생할 수 있는 프리미티브 변환을 논의한다. 이러한 변환은 다단계 보안 응용의 개념 논리와 설계 단계에 대한 질적 향상을 기할 수 있는 기본적인 도구의 토대가 될 수 있으며 또한 이를 적용함으로써 설계 과정을 변환의 작은 단위로 생각할 수 있게 해 줌으로서 설계 과정을 단순화할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.308-310
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• 1998

이동 에이전트 모델은 분산처리 시스템의 대표적인 형태인 클라이언트-서버 모델의 문제 해결하기위해 제시되고 있는 개념이다. 이러한 이동 에이전트 모델은 다양한 분야에서응용잉 시도되고 있으며, 특히 워크플로우 시스템에서는 효율적이고 유연하며 통합성이 뛰어난 워크플로우 시스템을 제공하기 위해 이동 에이전트를 이용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동 에이전트를 기반으로 한 보다 쉽고 효율적인 워크플로우 시스템의 개발, 특히, 시간제약 개념을 지원하는 워크플로우 시스템을 개발하기 위한 이동 에이젼트 플랫폼을 설계한다.