• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of the study is to examine the length of institutionalization and sensory modulation for preschooler without disabilities, and to investigate the relationship between the length of institutionalization and behavioral problem. Method : Mothers of preschoolers without disabilities between ages of 3 and 7 who attend D kindergarten was participated. Nursery school teacher of institutionalized children without disabilities between ages of 3 and 7 who attend child-welfare facilities was participated. We used Short Sensory Profile(SSP) and Children Behavior Check list. The results were analyzed with SPSS 11.0. Results : There was no significant difference between longer length of institutionalization and shorter length of institutionalization in sensory modulation and behavioral problem. Regarding the sensory modulation and behavior problem according to child-welfare facilities, means showed the statistically significant difference. Regarding sensory modulation of test items, movement sensitivity and low energy/weak showed the statistically significant difference in home-reared children than institutionalized children. Conclusions : The results of the study showed high correlation environmental effect in institutionalized children. Further research is needed to improve environmental for institutionalized children.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between smartphone addiction and sensory processing ability depending on the time of smartphone usage by at risk of smartphone addiction. Methods : Participants of this study were 124 toddlers in a The data collection period was from September 2019 to December 2019. Measurements in this study included a questionnaire on general information about the subject, a smartphone addiction scale, and a short sensory profile. Methods for the data analysis included descriptive statistics and an independent t-test using SPSS 22.0. Results : There were significant differences between groups depending on smartphone usage time in terms of total smartphone addiction, salience, impulse-compulsive use, withdrawal, tolerance, and interpersonal conflict among toddlers. There were also significant difference in sensory processing ability between groups according to the total Short Sensory Profile score (and in all sub-domains; p=.000 ~ .042). Conclusion : This study found that there was a difference in smartphone addiction and sensory processing ability depending on the smartphone usage time of toddlers at risk of smartphone. It is meaningful because it raises the need for education on the use of smartphones by toddlers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.634-641
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• 2017

This case study investigated the effects of sensory integration therapy on social behaviors and feeding of children with intellectual disabilities who lack sensory processing abilities. The study was conducted done from September to December, 2016, and an ABA(two sessions, nine sessions, two sessions/total 13 sessions) design was used among Single Subject Research Design. Nine sessions of sensory integration program were conducted for 50 minutes each, and Wilbarger's Protocol was employed 2-3 times per day. To understand children's basic development levels, observation evaluation of each area and social maturity scale were conducted in the early stage. To Understand the children's sensory processes ability, a Sensory Profile(SP) was developed, while the activities of daily living and task performance ability scale were evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure for children(WeeFIM) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM), respectively. Search behavior and feeding, which are social behaviors of children, were evaluated through observation. The results showed that the sensory integration program improves social behaviors of children and enables them to eat. The children's feeding was stable from the 5th session after the intervention, and the search behaviors started to change from 3 weeks after the intervention and became stable after 7 weeks. These results indicate that the sensory integration program is effective in mediating difficulties that children with intellectual disabilities who lack sensory processing ability experience in daily living.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.277-286
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• 2014

The research has been carried out to examine how sensory processing ability of children of multicultural families in farming areas can affect their social maturity. Short sensory profile and social maturity scale were conducted to fifty four children of multinational parents who live in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Jeollanam-do. The data were analysed by statistics process. The result of the analysis revealed three findings. Firstly, there exieted certain delays in sensory processing ability and social maturity. Multicultural children had an average point of $154.33{\pm}21.24$ regarding sensory processing ability and with regards to social age and social quotient of social maturity of them were 1.76 year old and $91.28{\pm}18.31$ point respectively. Another interesting finding is that significant differences of the influence, in which sensory processing ability of the example group affected social maturity, were found in categories of movement sensitivity, underresponsive/seeks sensation and low energy/weak of social age part(p<0.05). There were significant differences between auditory filtering as well as movement sensitivity, underresponsive sensation and low energy/weak of social quotient area(p<0.05). Finally, variables of the impact on social maturity of the group of children were analysed to examine to what extent sensory processing ability of the children had affected and the influencing rate of social age and social quotient of social maturity, with 45.3% and 66.3% respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the difference between preterm infants and toddlers (PT) and full-term infant and toddler (FT) of sensory processing ability, feeding as well as investigate the correlation of sensory processing ability with feeding of preterm infants and toddlers. Methods : The subjects of a study were 107 including 51 PT and 56 FT. Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (ITSP 2) was used to assess sensory processing ability. The Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment (BPFAS) was used to assess feeding behavior. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Independent sample t-test was used in order to compare the difference between PT group and FT group. Pearson correlation analysis was used in order to investigate the correlation of sensory processing ability with feeding of preterm infants and toddlers. Results : There was a significant difference in sensory sensitivity and oral sensory processing between with PT group and FT group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in feeding behavior between with PT group and FT group (p<.05). In PT group, there are positive correlations of sensory avoidance (r=.443) and sensory sensitivity (r=.374) with feeding frequency. General behavior (r=.390) and oral sensory processing (r=.513) showed a positive correlation with feeding frequency. In addition, oral sensory processing (r=.529) showed a positive correlation with feeding problem. Conclusion : It is proved that the interrelationship of sensory processing ability with feeding and of preterm infants and toddlers. And it is meaningful to recognize significance of sensory processing characteristics to comprehend feeding and of preterm infants and toddlers.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the sensory processing characteristics of parents of developmentally delayed children and parents of typically developed children on parenting stress. Methods : From July to August 2022, 61 parents of children with developmental delays and 64 parents of children with typical development who used occupational therapy services at pediatric clinics and child development centers were evaluated for parenting stress and sensory profiles. Results : In a multiple regression analysis on the effect of sensory processing characteristics on the total score of parenting stress, tactile processing (β = 0.353, p = 0.001), gender (β = 0.438, p = 0.000), and monthly income (β = -0.261, p = 0.014) significantly affected the parenting stress of the parents of children with developmental delay. In parents of typically developing children, tactile processing (β = 0.376, p = 0.002) and gender (β = -0.264, p = 0.024) were found to have a significant effect on parenting stress. Conclusion : Parental gender and tactile processing characteristics of developmentally delayed and typically developing children are significant influencing factors for parenting stress.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study were to examine internal reliability and internal validity for Short Sensory Profile(SSP) and to suggest the useful criteria for sensory processing abilities in Korean culture. Methods : The Short Sensory Profile(SSP) was completed by mothers of 304 children typically developing between 3 to 10 years of age in those preschool, kindergarten and elementary school located Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The total agency for this study was 14 facilities and the period of study was from July, 2002 to June, 2003. Kim Mi Sun(2001) translated and modified the Short Sensory Profile that Macintoshi developed and the tool for the study was used. The data were analyzed with reliability test and Pearson's correlation. Results : 1. Internal reliability of the total tests and sections was estimated by calculating Cronbach's Alphas. Reliability value of the total tests was .889. 2. For internal validity the correlations range from .131 to .575 in magnitude, suggesting that the sections of the Short Sensory Profile tap relatively unique constructs and support the factor structure developed. 3. The total score of the Short Sensory Profile(SSP) range from 118 to 190, mean and SD was 163.12, 14.87. 4. Of 403 children represented by the survey, 32 children(10.5%) met criteria for sensory processing disorders based upon parental perceptions. 5. Cut scores were determined by computing the raw score cut scores for -1 SD and -2 SD. The normal group of sensory processing abilities had score which range from 190 to 149, the probable problem group had score which range from 148 to 134, and the definite problem group had score which range from 133 to 138. Conclusion : Findings from the above study suggest that Short Sensory Profile be the screening tool for sensory processing disorders within Korean culture. Further research is needed to compare with children with the various sensory processing disabilities(PDD, LD, CP ect,).

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Objective : This study was to find out the level of sensory process type, adult attachment and interpersonal problems on university students and then to investigate the correlation. Methods : For this study, 169 students who don't know about the evaluation tool in university students of K area in Korea were participated. To execute evaluation, Adolescents/Adults Sensory Profile (AASP) was used for the sensory process type, Short Form of the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scale (KIIP-SC) was used for interpersonal problems, and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised (ECR-R) was used for the adult attachment. The correlation between sensory process type and interpersonal problems, adult attachment was analyzed by using pearson correlation analysis. Results : Sensory process type of university students appeared that sensory seeking was lower than general people, and the rest of items showed similar results with general people. For interpersonal problems, there was a lot of difficulty in self-sacrificing and overly accommodating, whereas there was a little difficulty in vindictive and domineering / controlling. For adult attachment, attachment avoiding was more stable than attachment anxiety. Also, low registration and sensory sensitivity all showed positive correlation with interpersonal problems and adult attachment. Among interpersonal problems, self-sacrificing and intrusive showed positive correlation with sensory seeking whereas cold, socially inhibited, nonassertive, and overly accommodating showed positive correlation with sensory avoiding. Thus, sensory seeking and sensory avoiding showed different results (p<.05). Conclusion : In occupational therapy clinic, not only the disabled but non-disabled people that experience issue of interpersonal problems and attachment could be helped with managing high quality social activity if they execute intervention according to sensory process type.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

Objective : The present study investigated the effects of group play activities based on Ayres Sensory $Integration^{(R)}$ (ASI) on sensory processing ability, social skill ability and self-esteem of low-income children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : A total of 20 low-income participants with children with ADHD were recruited and divided into an experimental group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). Sensory processing ability was measured via the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Social skill ability was measured via the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS). To measure self-esteem, the Rosenberg's self- esteem scale was used. The experimental group received the $ASI^{(R)}$ group play activities for 50 minutes, twice per week for six weeks, while the control group did not receive an intervention. Level of significance of all statistical analyses was .05. Results : Social skill ability (F=4.443, p=.05), cooperation (F=5.328, p=.035) and self-esteem (F=5.358, p=.033) differed significantly between groups after the intervention. Conclusion : Our findings indicate that the group play activities based on $ASI^{(R)}$ are effective in improving social skill ability and self-esteem. This study provided a theoretical basis for the claim that sensory integration therapy should be applied in general elementary schools.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.66-79
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is investigate the effects of sensory integration combined with auditory treatment on the sensory processing, visual perception and attention ability of children with developmental delay. Methods : A combined treatment of auditory training and sensory integration therapy was implemented to 3 children aged 4 to 7 and diagnosed with developmental delay during 9 weeks period from December 2016 to January 2017. ABA' design which is one of single subject research designs was used in this study. Baseline A had 4 sessions, intervention B had 15 sessions, and baseline A' had 4 sessions, so 23 sessions were applied in total. During the baseline A and A 'periods, visual perception ability was measured by K-DTVP-2 (Korea Developmental Test Visual Perception-2) and sensory processing ability was evaluated by sensory profile. The maintenance time of attention was measured with the absence of intervention for the baseline period, and for the intervention period, it was measured at 10 minutes break time which was provided after the intervention. The children's attention time during a fine motor task provided were measured using video recorder with the interval recording method, and the interval for the evaluation was 30 seconds. Results : No statistically significant difference were found in the visual perception function and sensory processing scores before and after treatment. Attention of participant A enhanced significantly while that of participant B and C did not improve significantly. Conclusion : It is hard to conclude that sensory integration therapy combined with auditory perception training has positive effects on visual perception function and attention of children with developmental delays. However, there were significant increase in attention and improvements in behavior related to sensory processing for some cases in this study. In further study, longer intervention periods and valid measurement need to be applied in order to get better results. And it is proposed that more studies need to be done to enhance evidence of auditory perception training as a mean to facilitate attention and to prepare learning.