• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2019

Analysis of differentially expressed genes has assisted discovery of gene sets involved in particular biological processes. The purpose of this study was to identify genes involved in appressorium formation in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae via analysis of cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Amplification of appressorial and vegetative mycelial cDNAs using 28 primer combinations generated over 200 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs). TDFs were excised from gels, re-amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Forty-four of 52 clones analyzed corresponded to 42 genes. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression of 23 genes was up-regulated during appressorium formation, one of which was the MCK1 gene that had been shown to be involved in appressorium formation. This study will be providing valuable resources for identifying the genes such as pathogenicity-related genes in M. oryzae.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.48-56
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• 2001

This paper presents the position tracking control of a closed-loop cylinder system using electro-rheological (ER) valve actuators. After manufacturing three sets of cylindrical ER valves on the basis of Bingham model of ER fluid, a 3 dof(degree-freedom) closed-loop cylinder system having the heave, roll and pitch motions is constructed. The governing equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's equation and a control model is formulated by considering nonlinear characteristics of the system, Sliding mode controllers are the designed for these ER valve actuators in order to achieve position tracking control. The effectiveness of trajectory tracking control performance of the proposed cylinder system is demonstrated through computer simulation and experimental implementation of the sliding mode controller.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.411-419
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• 2010

Korean mistletoe has a variety of biological effects, such as immunoadjuvant activities. This study investigates the effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) on human T lymphocytes to determine whether VCA acts as an immunomodulator. Purified human T-lymphocytes were cultured with VCA and RNA from each point was analyzed using Affymetrix human genome chips containing 22,500 probe sets which represents more than 18,000 transcripts derived from 14,500 human genes. As a result, there was a striking upregulation of genes coding for chemokines. Seventeen genes out of 50 coding for proteins with chemokine activity were upregulated including CXCL9 and IL-8 which are related to the treatment of cancer. In addition, 28 cytokine genes were upregulated including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$. Taken together, the data suggest that Korean mistletoe lectin, in parallel with European mistletoe, has an ability to modulate human T cell function.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.303-313
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• 1999

Various interpolation methods have been compared for reconstruction of LMR pin power distributions in hexagonal geometry. Interpolation functions are derived for several combinations of nodal quantities and various sets of basis functions, and tested against fine mesh calculations. The test results indicate that the interpolation functions based on the sixth degree polynomial are quite accurate, yielding maximum interpolation errors in power densities less than 0.5%, and maximum reconstruction errors less than 2% for driver assemblies and less than 4% for blanket assemblies. The main contribution to the total reconstruction error is made tv the nodal solution errors and the comer point flux errors. For the polynomial interpolations, the basis monomial set needs to be selected such that the highest powers of x and y are as close as possible. It is also found that polynomials higher than the seventh degree are not adequate because of the oscillatory behavior.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.210-215
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• 2004

This paper proposes an implicit method for computing the minimum cost feedback vertex set for a graph. For an arbitrary graph, a Boolean function is derived, whose satisfying assignments directly correspond to feedback vertex sets of the graph. Importantly, cycles in the graph are never explicitly enumerated, but rather, are captured implicitly in this Boolean function. This function is then used to determine the minimum cost feedback vertex set. Even though computing the minimum cost satisfying assignment for a Boolean function remains an NP-hard problem, it is possible to exploit the advances made in the area of Boolean function representation in logic synthesis to tackle this problem efficiently in practice for even reasonably large sized graphs. The algorithm has obvious application in flip-flop selection for partial scan. The algorithm proposed in this paper is the first to obtain the MFVS solutions for many benchmark circuits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.546-549
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• 1995

This paper presents a control of washing machine using ER clutch and brake actuators. After analyzing field- dependent torque of the actuators on the basis of Bingham model of the ER fluid, two sets of cylindrical ER clutch and brake are manufactured. The governing equation of motion for washing and dehydrating are derived by considering actuators' dynamics. Subsequently, PID controllers are designed to achieve desired rotational motions and tracking control results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2000

This Paper presents the position tracking control of a closed-loop cylinder system using electro-rheological(ER) valve actuators. After manufacturing three sets of cylindrical ER valves on the basis of Bingham model of ER fluid, a 3 dof(degree-of-freedom) closed-loop cylinder system having the heave, roll and pitch motions is constructed. The governing equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's equation and a control model is formulated by considering nonlinear characteristics of the system. Sliding mode controllers are then designed fer these ER valve actuators in order to achieve position tracking control. The effectiveness of trajectory tracking control performance of the proposed cylinder system is demonstrated through computer simulation and experimental implementation of the sliding mode controller.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-312
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• 2001

The analysis of vent -emitted Hg concentrations and relevant environmental parameters was made from the inlet of 42 ventpipes in Nan-Ji-Do area of Seoul during September/october of 2000. Using these data, the fluxes of Hg from the ventpipes were also derived. The mean concentration of Hg, computed using the data sets collected from 42 ventpipes, was 420$\pm$619ng m$^{-3}$ with the range of 3.45~2,952ng m$^{-3}$ . Because of large differences in concentration levels between two sectors 1 and 2 and between plain and slope areas. evaluation of the data was made by dividing them into four different categories such as plain areas of sectors 1 and 2 (and/or slope areas of sectors 1 and 2). When this classification was applied, the computed fluxes were highly different among each group with the generally enhanced fluxes in plain area relative to slope area. The computed fluxes were then used to make comparative analysis of different source processes in the study area.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2020

4- and 8-storey reinforced-concrete frame buildings are analyzed under the suites of the near-fault pulse-like, and the corresponding spectrally equivalent far-fault ground-motion records. Seismic fragility curves for the slight, moderate, extensive, and complete damage states are developed, and the damage probability matrices, and the mean loss ratios corresponding to the Design Basis Earthquake and the Maximum Considered Earthquake hazard levels are compared, for the investigated buildings and sets of ground-motion records. It is observed that the spectrally equivalent far-fault ground-motion records result in comparable estimates of the fragility curve parameters, as that of the near-fault pulse-like ground-motion records. As a result, the derived damage probability matrices and mean loss ratios using two suites of ground-motion records differ only marginally (of the order of ~10%) for the investigated levels of seismic hazard, thus, implying the potential for application of the spectrally equivalent ground-motion records, for seismic fragility and risk assessment at the near-fault sites.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2002

General along-track acceleration was estimated in the KOMPSAT-1 orbit determination process. Several sets of the atmospheric drag and solar radiation pressure coefficients were also derived with the different spacecraft area. State vectors in the orbit determination with the different spacecraft area were compared in the time frame. The orbit prediction using the estimated coefficients was performed and compared with the orbit determination results. The orbit prediction with the different general acceleration values was also carried out for the comparison